大鼠海马脑中枝形吊灯样中间神经元的形态与电生理学特征

在大鼠海马脑片标本上,用微电极记录并标记了４个枝形吊灯样中间,约占所记录到的３９个中间神经元的１０％,与蓝状中间神经元显著不同之处是,这４个神经元均对细胞内去极化电流表现出不同程度的放电频率适应现象,用细胞内注射ｂｉｏｃｙｔｉｎ的方法证实,蓝状中间神经元轴突终末主要分布在锥体在颗粒细胞层,与这些细胞胞体形成接触,而４个枝形吊灯样中间神经元的轴突终末增高度选择性分布在锥体和颗粒细胞轴突始段区,上述结     

大鼠胎脑神经干细胞HPRT基因的敲除

根据已知大鼠次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶 (HypoxanthineGuaninePhosphoribosylTransferase ,HPRT)基因的外显子序列 ,从大鼠HPRT基因组DNA序列的细菌人工染色体 (BacterialArtificialChromosome ,BAC)中用酶切和PCR方法分别分离得到用于构建基因敲除载体的 3 0kb的 5′长臂 (LongArm ,LA)和 1 7kb的 3′短臂 (ShortArm ,SA) ,并分别克隆到pSL1180和pCR2 1中。进一步构建大鼠HPRT基因打靶载体———pKO HPRT ,经酶切鉴定后的大鼠HPRT基因敲除载体用NotⅠ酶切使其线性化 ,经溴乙锭、正丁醇、酚、酚 /氯仿提纯后 ,将终浓度调至 1μg μl。在FuGene 6转染试剂的作用下转染培养 2 4h的第二代大鼠胎脑神经干细胞 (RatFetalNeuralStemCells,rFNSCs)。转染后的细胞用 80 μg mlG4 18和 0 2 μmol L的Ganc全培养液筛选 ,2w后将存活细胞进行悬浮培养 ,使细胞形成球形物 ,挑选单个的球形物进行单克隆增殖 ,其中一部分细胞 (约 2～ 3× 10 3)用裂解液处理 ,取上清用于PCR检测 ,大部分细胞 (5× 10 7)用于DNA和RNA的提取 ,进行Southernbolt和RT PCR检测 ,剩余细胞冷冻保存。最后 1次实验共分离培养了 32个rFNSCs单克隆 ,其中 3个单克隆 (9 3% )经PCR、Southernbolt和RT PCR证实HPRT基因已被敲除     

Effect of radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy on circulating antioxidant system of human uterine cervical carcinoma

Rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma showed important changes in lipid metabolism. The presence of this rapidly growing tumour induced a significant reduction in the intestinal absorption of an oral [^l4C]triolein load but without changes in whole body oxidation of the tracer to CO₃. Both white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were increased at day 4 of tumour growth, changes that seem to be related with those observed in [¹⁴C] lipid accumulation; however, heart LPL activity was increased at day 7 but there was no change at day 4. In addition, there was a marked hyperlipemia in the tumour-bearing animals, whereas the blood ketone body concentrations were lower in these animals in comparison with the corresponding pair-fed group. The in vivo lipogenic rate was increased in liver of the tumour-bearing animals (day 4); conversely, it was decreased in WAT and skeletal muscle (day 4) and IBAT (day 7) of the AH-130-bearing rats. It may be suggested that the increased liver lipogenic rate associated with tumour burden is the main factor contributing to the hyperlipidaemia present in the Yoshida AH-130 bearing rats.     

Enhanced neurite outgrowth of rat neural cortical cells on surface-modified films of poly(lactic-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-glycolic acid)

Neural cortical cells, isolated from prenatal rat cerebra, were grown on surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, 65:35) (PLGA) films coated with poly-D-lysine (PDL) with either laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN) or collagen (CN). Immunocytochemistry showed that the isolated cells were highly immunopositive for both neurofilament and MAP-2 with well-organized neurites and somatodendritic localization. The presence of PDL with LN or FN on the PLGA films was essential for increased neural cell growth. Also, PLGA films coated with either PDL/LN or PDL/FN mixtures had higher neurite outgrowth and regular differentiation.Revisions requested 30 September 2004; Revisions received 10 November 2004     

Purification and characterization of the rat liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase

The biosynthesis of carnitine from lysine and methionine involves five enzymatic reactions. -butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBH; EC 1.14.11.1) is the last enzyme of this pathway. It catalyzes the reaction of hydroxylation of -butyrobetaine to carnitine. This enzyme had never been purified to homogeneity from rat tissue. This paper describes the purification and characterization of the rat liver BBH. This protein has been purified some 413 fold by ion exchange, affinity and gel-filtration chromatographies and appears as a dimere of 43,000 Daltons subunits by PAGE. The affinity chromatography column used in the purification process utilizes 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionate (THP), a BBH inhibitor, as the ligand. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the liver enzyme. They were able to precipitate BBH activity in either a crude liver extract or a purified fraction of the enzyme. Furthermore, it crossreacts with a 43 kDa protein in the liver. No evidence for extra hepatic enzyme was found.     

Reciprocal influence of connexins and apical junction proteins on their expressions and functions

Membranes of adjacent cells form intercellular junctional complexes to mechanically anchor neighbour cells (anchoring junctions), to seal the paracellular space and to prevent diffusion of integral proteins within the plasma membrane (tight junctions) and to allow cell-to-cell diffusion of small ions and molecules (gap junctions). These different types of specialised plasma membrane microdomains, sharing common adaptor molecules, particularly zonula occludens proteins, frequently present intermingled relationships where the different proteins co-assemble into macromolecular complexes and their expressions are co-ordinately regulated. Proteins forming gap junction channels (connexins, particularly) and proteins fulfilling cell attachment or forming tight junction strands mutually influence expression and functions of one another.     

清醒大鼠在体左心室力学性能的导管测定方法

本文采用左心室导管保留法对清醒小动物（大鼠）进行了在体心脏心肌力学性能的测定。该法如操作得当,成功率较高,得到的结果也令人满意;且较简便、经济和具有一定价值     

不同剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射制备大鼠糖尿病心肌病模型的病理学观察

建立糖尿病性心肌病（DCM）大鼠模型,观察不同剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ）单次腹腔注射后大鼠心肌和胰腺的病理学变化。用STZ 50 mg/kg、55 mg/kg、60 mg/kg 3种剂量单次腹腔注射,制备糖尿病大鼠模型;以柠檬酸三钠-柠檬酸缓冲液腹腔注射,作为对照。72 h后,测空腹血糖及做口服葡萄糖耐量实验（OGTT）;3周后,HE染色观察各组大鼠胰腺和心肌形态学变化,Masson三色染色观察心肌纤维化改变。OGTT和空腹血糖显示3组存活大鼠糖尿病均成模;3周末,50 mg/kg和55 mg/kg剂量死亡率为25%;60 mg/kg剂量高,达到75%;HE染色显示55 mg/kg剂量组大鼠胰岛明显萎缩,轮廓不清晰,胰岛细胞数量少,心肌细胞肥大、排列紊乱,细胞间隙增大,并有炎症细胞浸润;50 mg/kg组胰岛和心肌也有变化,但无55 mg/kg组明显。心肌Masson染色显示55 mg/kg组心肌内胶原组织明显增多,排列紊乱,分布不均。55 mg/kg剂量的STZ单次注射大鼠腹腔,造模3周可以建立较明显的DCM模型,可为DCM的组织病理学和实验研究提供一个较好的动物模型。     

大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞培养及其药物转运体Oatp2和P-gp的表达

贴块法培养脑微血管内皮细胞(BMECs),倒置显微镜动态观察细胞生长及形态,Ⅷ因子相关抗原、CD34免疫细胞化学联合鉴定细胞并确定纯度。免疫细胞化学和Western印迹法检测药物转运体有机阴离子转运多肽亚型2(Oatp2)及P-糖蛋白(P-gp)在培养内皮细胞上的表达。结果显示,获得的BMECs呈多角形或铺路石形,单层贴壁生长;培养细胞Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫细胞化学、CD34免疫荧光染色均为阳性,细胞纯度90%;培养细胞有Oatp2及P-gp表达,且二者均主要表达于BMECs细胞膜。提示贴块法可获得原代培养BMECs,方法简便易行,细胞纯度较高。原代培养的BMECs上有药物转运体Oatp2及P-gp的表达,为血脑屏障上药物转运体的体外研究提供了可能途径。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞在成年大鼠脑内的迁移及分化

骨髓间充质干细胞 (mesenchymalstemcells,MSCs)是目前备受关注的一类具有多向分化潜能的组织干细胞 ,体外可以分化为骨、软骨、脂肪等多种细胞。因此 ,MSCs是细胞治疗和基因治疗的种子细胞之一。为了探索MSCs的迁移和分化趋势 ,为帕金森病 (Parkinsondisease,PD)的干细胞治疗提供理论和实验依据 ,本实验将体外扩增并转染增强型绿色荧光蛋白 (enhancedgreenfluorescentprotein ,EGFP)的人骨髓MSCs注入PD大鼠脑内纹状体 ,观察了人骨髓MSCs在大鼠脑内的存活、迁移、分化以及注射MSCs前后大鼠的行为变化。结果表明 ,人骨髓MSCs在大鼠脑内可存活较长时间 ( 10周以上 ) ;随着时间的延长 ,MSCs迁移范围扩大 ,分布于纹状体、胼胝体、皮质以及脑内血管壁 ;免疫组化法检测证实MSCs在大鼠脑内表达人神经丝蛋白 (neurofilament,NF)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (neuron specificeno lase,NSE)以及胶质原纤维酸性蛋白 ( glialfibrillaryacidprotein ,GFAP) ;PD大鼠的异常行为有所缓解 ,转圈数由 8 86±2 0 9r/min下降到 4 87± 2 0 6r/min ,统计学分析P <0 0 5为差异显著。以上观察结果表明 ,骨髓MSCs有望成为治疗PD的种子细胞