股神经阻滞麻醉联合局部浸润麻醉在老年髋关节置换手术中的应用

目的:探究股神经阻滞麻醉联合伤口局部浸润麻醉对老年髋关节置换术后疼痛程度的影响。方法:选择2016年1月~2018年6月我院收治的髋关节置换术的85例患者,据患者入院的编号的奇偶随机分为两组。对照组的42例采用伤口浸润麻醉方法,观察组的43例采用股神经阻滞麻醉联合伤口浸润麻醉方法。比较两组的麻醉效果、镇痛效果、术后阿片类药物的使用情况、住院时间及下床活动时间。结果:观察组感觉阻滞时间、恢复痛觉时间均显著长于对照组(P<0.05),术后12 h的视觉模拟评分法(Visual analog scales,VAS)评分较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),但两组术后6 h和1 d的VAS评分无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组术后1 d的阿片类药物使用剂量较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),但两组术后2 d的阿片类药物使用剂量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),观察组住院时间及下床活动时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:股神经阻滞联合伤口浸润麻醉对于进行髋关节置换术的老年患者具有较好的镇痛效果,且在手术后阿片类镇痛药物的使用剂量减少,住院时间和下床活动时间均有所改善。     

股骨近端抗旋髓内钉法治疗老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折的效果分析

目的:探讨利用股骨近端抗旋髓内钉法治疗老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折的临床效果,为临床提供参考。方法:对我院2009年6月-2013年1月收治的38例老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折患者行股骨近端抗旋髓内钉法进行手术治疗,分析手术方法、效果及患者的预后效果。结果:28例行闭合复位,7例行骨折端切开复位,患者术后7-14d可下地活动,3 m内扶拐部分负重行走,31例(88.6%)获得随访,随访时间9-24个月,骨折愈合时间为3-6个月,平均3.7个月;Harris髋功能评分标准:优18例,良10例,中3例,优良率90.32%(28/31)。结论:PFNA是一种治疗老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折的有效装置,能够减少骨折不愈合、髋内翻畸形愈合及内固定断裂、切割股骨头等并发症,在治疗老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折时可达到较高的骨愈合率、较快的功能恢复。     

基于毛干蛋白质组的族群推断技术的建立与验证

毛干是一种案件现场常见的生物物证,由于核DNA含量极少且高度降解,难以采用现有的短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)检验方法进行个人识别鉴定,目前仅使用线粒体DNA检验进行母系亲缘关系的判定,利用率非常低.毛干中蛋白质非常稳定,而且具有遗传多态性,表现为基因组中的非同义单核苷酸多态性(non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms,ns SNPs),转录翻译后形成蛋白质序列中的单氨基酸多态性(single amino acid polymorphisms,SAPs).充分利用毛干蛋白质中蕴含的遗传信息,为案件提供线索和证据,是实际公安业务的迫切需求,具有重要的应用价值.本文选取了104份中国汉族的毛干样本进行蛋白质组的检测,共获得了703个SAP位点,位于460个蛋白质上,共推导出552个nsSNP位点.进一步筛选在所有样本中检出率超过15%的位点,获得了88个nsSNP位点,使用毛干样本对应的口腔拭子DNA对88个ns SNP位点进行一代测序验证.为评估发现的nsSNP位点对于人群的区分能力,以千人数据库(1 000 Genome Project)为参考数据库,采用聚类分析和群体匹配概率等方法对检测的19份毛干样本进行人群来源推断.结果显示,通过检测毛干蛋白质组中的ns SNP可以实现东亚、欧洲、非洲三大洲际人群的区分.     

Haemodynamic analysis of femoral artery bifurcation models under different physiological flow waveforms

Thrombus in a femoral artery may form under stagnant flow conditions which vary depending on the local arterial waveform. Four different physiological flow waveforms – poor (blunt) monophasic, sharp monophasic, biphasic and triphasic – can exist in the femoral artery as a result of different levels of peripheral arterial disease progression. This study aims to examine the effect of different physiological waveforms on femoral artery haemodynamics. In this regard, a fluid–structure interaction analysis was carried out in idealised models of bifurcated common femoral artery. The results showed that recirculation zones occur in almost all flow waveforms; however, the sites at where these vortices are initiated, the size and structure of vortices are highly dependent on the type of flow waveform being used. It was shown that the reverse diastolic flow in biphasic and triphasic waveforms leads to the occurrence of a retrograde flow which aids in ‘washout’ of the disturbed flow regions. This may limit the likelihood of thrombus formation, indicating the antithrombotic role of retrograde flow in femoral arteries. Furthermore, our data revealed that the flow particles experience considerably higher residence time under blunt and sharp monophasic waveforms than under biphasic and triphasic waveforms. This confirms that the risk of atherothrombotic plaque initiation and development in femoral arteries is higher under blunt and sharp monophasic waveforms than under biphasic and triphasic flow waveforms.     

Fracture mechanics of the femoral neck in a composite bone model: Effects of platen geometry

Load applicator (platen) geometry used for axial load to failure testing of the femoral neck varies between studies and the biomechanical consequences are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if load application with a flat versus a conical platen results in differing fracture mechanics. Femurs were aligned in 25° of adduction and an axial compressive force was applied to the femoral heads at a rate of 6 mm/min until failure. Load application with the conical platen resulted in an average ultimate failure load, stiffness, and energy to failure of 9067 N, 4033 N/mm, and 12.12 J, respectively. Load application with the flat platen resulted in a significant (p<0.05) reduction in ultimate failure load (7620 N) and stiffness (2924 N/mm). Energy to failure (12.30 J) was not significantly different (p=0.893). Different fracture patterns were observed for the two platens and the conical platen produced fractures more similar to clinical observations. Use of a flat platen underestimates the strength and stiffness of the femoral neck and inaccurately predicts the associated fracture pattern. These findings must be considered when interpreting the results of prior biomechanical studies on femoral neck fracture and for the development of future femoral neck fracture models.     

Estimating severity of sideways fall using a generic multi linear regression model based on kinematic input variables

Many research groups have studied fall impact mechanics to understand how fall severity can be reduced to prevent hip fractures. Yet, direct impact force measurements with force plates are restricted to a very limited repertoire of experimental falls. The purpose of this study was to develop a generic model for estimating hip impact forces (i.e. fall severity) in in vivo sideways falls without the use of force plates.Twelve experienced judokas performed sideways Martial Arts (MA) and Block (‘natural’) falls on a force plate, both with and without a mat on top. Data were analyzed to determine the hip impact force and to derive 11 selected (subject-specific and kinematic) variables. Falls from kneeling height were used to perform a stepwise regression procedure to assess the effects of these input variables and build the model.The final model includes four input variables, involving one subject-specific measure and three kinematic variables: maximum upper body deceleration, body mass, shoulder angle at the instant of ‘maximum impact’ and maximum hip deceleration. The results showed that estimated and measured hip impact forces were linearly related (explained variances ranging from 46 to 63%). Hip impact forces of MA falls onto the mat from a standing position (3650 ± 916 N) estimated by the final model were comparable with measured values (3698 ± 689 N), even though these data were not used for training the model. In conclusion, a generic linear regression model was developed that enables the assessment of fall severity through kinematic measures of sideways falls, without using force plates.     

Impact loading history modulates hip fracture load and location: A finite element simulation study of the proximal femur in female athletes

Sideways falls impose high stress on the thin superolateral cortical bone of the femoral neck, the region regarded as a fracture-prone region of the hip. Exercise training is a natural mode of mechanical loading to make bone more robust. Exercise-induced adaptation of cortical bone along the femoral neck has been previously demonstrated. However, it is unknown whether this adaption modulates hip fracture behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of specific exercise loading history on fall-induced hip fracture behavior by estimating fracture load and location with proximal femur finite element (FE) models created from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 111 women with distinct exercise histories: 91 athletes (aged 24.7 ± 6.1 years, >8 years competitive career) and 20 women as controls (aged 23.7 ± 3.8 years). The athletes were divided into five groups based on typical loading patterns of their sports: high-impact (H-I: 9 triple-jumpers and 10 high jumpers), odd-impact (O-I: 9 soccer and 10 squash players), high-magnitude (H-M: 17 power-lifters), repetitive-impact (R-I: 18 endurance runners), and repetitive non-impact (R-NI: 18 swimmers). Compared to the controls, the H-I, O-I, and R-I groups had significantly higher (11–26%, p < 0.05) fracture loads. Also, the fracture location in the H-I and O-I groups was significantly more proximal (7–10%) compared to the controls. These results suggest that an exercise loading history of high impacts, impacts from unusual directions, or repetitive impacts increases the fracture load and may lower the risk of fall-induced hip fracture.     

Femoral neck bone adaptation to weight-bearing physical activity by computational analysis

Individual differences in bone mass distribution at the proximal femur may be determined by daily weight-bearing physical activity (PA) since bone self-adapts according to the mechanical loads that is submitted. The aim of this study was to analyse computationally the effect of different weight-bearing PA types in the adaptation of the femoral neck (FN) by analysing regional differences in bone mineral density (BMD) at the integral FN and its superior, inferior, anterior and posterior subregions. To achieve this, it was adopted a 3-D femoral finite element (FE) model coupled with a suitable bone remodeling model. Different PA types were determined based both on ordinary lifestyle and mechanically more demanding PA as low magnitude impacts (L–I), moderate-magnitude impacts from odd directions (O–I) and high-magnitude vertical impacts (H–I). It was observed that as time spent in weight-bearing PA increases, BMD augment around the integral FN, but with different bone mass gain rates between subregions depending on the magnitude and directions of the hip contact forces; H–I was the type of weight-bearing PA which structurally most favor the gain of bone mass superiorly at the FN while both the H–I and the O–I types of PA promoted the largest bone mass gain rates at the anterior and posterior subregions of the FN. Because these types of weight-bearing PA were associated with a more uniform bone mass spatial distribution at the FN, they should provide a potential basis for targeted PA-based intervention programs for improving hip strength.     

山西临汾发现人类股骨化石

山西临汾发现人类股骨化石１９９１年４月根据温世文同志提供的线索,我们在山西省临汾市土门乡王汾村化石地点考察,在地层的陡坎下采集到一件人类化石标本。王汾的人类化石为人类右侧股骨体中段的一段,长对毫米．除股骨体内侧面和后面上端的一小部分外,其它部位的表面...     

氨甲环酸在老年股骨转子间骨折伤后早期的应用研究

摘要 目的：研究老年股骨转子间骨折伤后早期使用氨甲环酸（tranexamic acid,TXA）的有效性和安全性。方法：2021年4月到2021年8月选择在本院诊治的符合纳入标准的老年股骨转子间骨折患者70例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法把患者分为TXA组与对照组各35例。TXA组于伤后6小时内静脉滴注TXA1g（与100 mL生理盐水配伍,半小时滴完）,对照组伤后6小时内静脉滴注生理盐水100 mL。观察指标：入院即刻及伤后第1、2天和术前清晨红细胞压积（Hct）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、D-二聚体（D-Dimer）。术前2小时、术后2周查下肢静脉血管B超明确有无下肢深静脉血栓形成。观察记录术后伤口感染、伤后出血并发症发生情况。疗效指标包括术前隐性失血量、术前输血率。安全性指标为围手术期深静脉血栓发生率、术后伤口并发症发生率。结果：（1）两组患者伤后第1、2天和术前清晨红细胞压积、红细胞、血红蛋白水平和D-二聚体随时间延长逐渐降低,纤维蛋白原逐渐增加（P＜0.05）。伤后第1、2天和术前清晨TXA组红细胞压积、红细胞、血红蛋白水平均高于对照组（P＜0.001）。（2）伤后第1、2天和术前清晨两组隐性失血量随时间延长逐渐增加,TXA组隐性失血量均低于对照组（P＜0.001）。（3）TXA组术前输血率显著低于对照组（P＜0.001）。结论：TXA伤后早期应用可有效降低老年股骨转子间骨折患者术前的隐性失血量,降低术前输血率,不增加围手术期深静脉血栓发生率,且减少术后伤口并发症。