Fibular and metatarsal osteosynthesis in a southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)

Here we describe a successful surgical management of a distal fibular fracture combined with a tarsocrural luxation and multiple metatarsal fractures in the left foot of a southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans). We achieved satisfactory outcome by applying intramedullary pinning for each of the bone fractures and closed reduction of joint luxation—kept in place only by bone alignment, without further ligament reconstruction. Bone healing occurred uneventfully within eight weeks and the monkey's foot regained its normal function. Therefore, we could properly release the patient back into the wild.     

Hiding inequality beneath prosperity: patterns of cranial injury in middle period San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile

The Middle Period in San Pedro de Atacama (AD 400–1000) stands out as a time of great prosperity that was, in part, associated with high levels of interaction with foreign polities, including the highland state of Tiwanaku. Although previous studies have demonstrated an increase in rates of violence during the subsequent Regional Developments Period (AD 1000–1400), this does not mean that the Middle Period was a time of peace and tranquility. Here, the prevalence of violence in four contemporary cemeteries is analyzed, exploring potential sources of conflict, including social inequality. Cranial trauma was documented through the presence, location, size, and state of healing of all wounds and was found in 14.7% of the sample (61/415; including two cases of perimortem trauma). Skeletal remains were also analyzed for demographic data to investigate differences in patterns of violence related to sex and age. Notably, most of the trauma centered on the anterior portion of the skull, suggesting the prominence of face‐to‐face confrontations that involved both sexes. Correlations between trauma and items in the mortuary assemblage that may have been associated with prestige or an elevated social standing in two cemeteries from the Solcor ayllu indicate that individuals from the more elite cemetery were subjected to significantly less traumatic injury. These data suggest that people did not share equally in the benefits of this period's affluence and that there were tensions in Atacameño society despite seemingly widespread prosperity. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis and hypothyroidism in a young adult: a case report

Introduction

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is the most common hip disorder affecting the adolescent population, usually individuals between 8 and 15 years old. However, there are few case reports of older patients in the literature to date. It is believed that the etiology is multifactorial and may include obesity, trauma and, less frequently, endocrine pathologies comprising hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and panhypopituitarism.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 28-year-old Latino woman diagnosed with hypothyroidism secondary to arachnoidocele associated with skeletal immaturity and slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Conclusions

It is important to conduct clinical and radiographic studies in these patients to rule out endocrine pathologies, especially hypothyroidism in those of sexual maturity.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1752-1947-8-336) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

股骨近端三维有限元模型评价髋部骨折患者骨密度

目的：探究骨密度与老年髋部骨折股骨近端三维有限元模型密度的关系。方法：选取8 例老年髋部骨折,其中4 例股骨颈骨 折,4 例股骨转子间骨折;左侧肢体3 例,右侧肢体5 例。分别测定腰椎骨密度和双侧髋关节CT 资料,运用Mimics软件和abaqus 软件对健侧股骨近端进行重建和计算出该模型的密度。结果：股骨转子间骨折组腰椎骨密度为(-4.05± 0.24) g/cm2,三维有限元模 型密度为[(1.15± 0.02)× 106],均低于股骨颈骨折组的(-3.15± 0.54) g/cm2,[(1.34± 0.06)× 106],两组比较差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。腰椎的骨密度与三维有限元模型密度成线性正相关（r=0.881,P=0.004）。结论：骨密度与老年髋部骨折股骨近端三维有限 元模型密度成线性正相关的关系,可为进一步用有限元分析法探讨老年髋部骨折部位与骨密度的关系提供理论依据。     

采用载距突螺钉固定技术治疗膝关节内骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨载距突螺钉固定术治疗膝关节内骨折的疗效。方法:选取我院骨科收治的膝关节内骨折的患者80例,根据患者骨折固定方法而分为实验组(40例)与对照组(40例)。实验组采用载距突螺钉固定技术进行治疗,对照组采用开口后观察骨折程度,并对关节周围平整性进行修复,如需固定可借助克氏针,部分可运用牵引手法等进行修复。两组患者术后均予以常规抗炎治疗。比较两组患者膝关节功能恢复情况、疗效及并发症情况。结果:与对照组相比,实验组总有效率较高,并发症发生率较低(P0.05);HSS评分比较,实验组HSS评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:载距突螺钉固定技术能够提高膝关节内骨折患者的临床疗效,降低并发症的发生率,改善膝关节的功能活动。     

经皮椎弓根内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折患者的疗效观察

目的：探讨经皮椎弓根内固定术(MIPPSO)治疗胸腰椎骨折患者的效果。方法：选择2013 年1 月~2014 年12 月在我院就诊 胸腰椎骨折患者28 例,随机分成开放组和微创组,每组各14 例。开放组行传统切开椎弓根螺钉内固定术,微创组行MIPPSO进 行治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、创口长度、住院天数、椎体前缘高度百分比和后凸Cobb 角指标,并进 行统计分析。结果：两组手术时间无统计学差异（P>0.05）,而术中出血量、术后引流量、创口长度和住院天数的差异均有统计学意 义,且开放组均大于微创组（P<0.01）;两组椎体前缘高度百分比和后凸Cobb 角术后较术前比均有所改善,差异均有统计学意义 （P<0.01）,两组间术前和术后比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：MIPPSO 对胸腰椎骨折的治疗效果优于传统切开椎弓根 螺钉内固定术,具有出血少、创伤小,且住院时间短等优点。     

股神经阻滞自控镇痛用于全膝置换术后镇痛和功能恢复的疗效观察

目的:观察股神经阻滞自控镇痛用于全膝置换(total knee arthoplasty,TKA)术后镇痛和功能恢复的疗效。方法:选择2017年8月～2019年6月院骨科收治的膝关节骨性关节炎患者122例,根据随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,每组61例患者。所有患者均采用静吸复合全身麻醉,观察组给予股神经阻滞自控镇痛,对照组给予静脉自控镇痛,记录和比较两组患者术后镇痛效果与功能恢复情况。结果:观察组术后1 d、3 d与7 d的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale/Score,VAS)评分、血清白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-6和C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)含量都显著低于对照组(P0.05),患肢膝关节活动度明显高于对照组(P0.05),术后7 d的恶心、头晕、嗜睡、心动过缓等并发症发生率(4.9%)显著低于对照组(21.3%,P0.05),术后1 d、1个月与3个月的患肢膝关节活动度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:股神经阻滞自控镇痛用于TKA可提高术后镇痛效果,促进膝关节功能恢复,减少术后并发症的发生,可能与其有效抑制IL-6和CRP的释放有关。     

不同入路手术对骨盆髋臼骨折患者骨折复位质量、髋关节功能及炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨不同入路手术对骨盆髋臼骨折患者骨折复位质量、髋关节功能及炎症因子的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016年7月～2018年12月期间我院收治的91例骨盆髋臼骨折患者的临床资料,根据入路方式的不同将其分为A组(n=44,髂腹股沟入路)和B组(n=47,改良Stoppa入路),比较两组患者复位质量、围术期指标、髋关节功能及炎症因子水平,记录两组患者随访期间并发症发生情况。结果:B组术中出血量少于A组,手术切口长度短于A组(P0.05);两组手术显露时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。B组的骨折复位优良率为85.11%(40/47),高于A组的65.91%(29/44)(P0.05)。与术前相比,两组患者出院时、术后6个月的改良Postel评分成逐渐升高趋势(P0.05);两组患者术前、出院时、术后6个月的改良Postel评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后7 d血清白介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)水平均高于术前,但B组低于A组(P0.05)。B组随访期间并发症发生率低于A组(P0.05)。结论:改良Stoppa入路手术与髂腹股沟入路手术均可改善骨盆髋臼骨折患者髋关节功能,但经改良Stoppa入路手术者骨折复位质量更佳,创伤更小,炎症反应更轻,同时还可减少并发症发生率。