探讨女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的相关因素及盆底超声测定压力性尿失禁SUI的临床意义

目的:探讨女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的相关因素及盆底超声测定压力性尿失禁SUI的临床意义。方法:选取我院2019年-2020年共收治的63例盆底功能障碍性疾病患者作为研究对象,将其分为研究组,另取同期来我院进行体检的63例健康女性作为对照组,对所有女性应用盆底超声检测,对比两组女性静息状态下和Valsalva状态下的盆底超声检查指标,对通过问卷调查方式,调查两组女性的一般临床治疗,对于女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的相关因素进行单因素分析与多因素分析,最终得出盆底肌功能障碍性疾病的相关因素。结果:在静息状态下通过盆底超声发现,研究组与对照组膀胱尿道后角、肛提肌裂孔面积、尿道倾斜度对比差异显著(P<0.05),两组女性膀胱颈位置、膀胱位置对比无明显差异(P>0.05);在Valsalva状态下通过盆底超声发现,研究组与对照组膀胱尿道后角、肛提肌裂孔面积、尿道倾斜度、膀胱颈位置、膀胱位置对比差异显著(P<0.05);两组女性年龄、BMI、孕次、产次、绝经情况以及白带清洁度是否≥Ⅲ度情况对比差异显著(P<0.05),两组女性子宫肌瘤史情况对比无显著差异(P>0.05);logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、绝经情况、子宫肌瘤史和白带清洁度≥Ⅲ度不是盆底功能障碍性疾病的独立危险因素(P>0.05),BMI、孕次、产次为盆底功能障碍性疾病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:盆底肌超声在对盆底功能障碍性疾病患者压力性尿失禁的诊断中具有重要价值,在静息状态下和Valsalva状态下发现患者的膀胱经移动情况与尿道倾斜情况。年龄、BMI、孕次、产次、绝经情况以及白带清洁度是否≥Ⅲ度可能与盆底功能障碍性疾病具有一定关系,BMI、孕次、产次为盆底功能障碍性疾病的独立危险因素。     

淇县宋庄东周墓殉人颅骨的形态学

河南省鹤壁市的淇县宋庄东周墓地的多座墓葬不仅出土大量青铜礼乐器和陶器,而且存在人殉现象,宋庄墓地的发现为探讨东周时期豫北地区考古学文化与政治格局提供了重要线索。为了分析宋庄墓地东周墓葬人殉的种系来源,本文对其中保存较好的7例女性人殉颅骨进行了形态学分析。淇县宋庄组与仰韶文化的宝鸡组和大汶口、龙山文化的呈子组均具有较大相似性,与青铜时代的毛饮合并B组、西村周组和双楼组也较为接近。初步认为,淇县宋庄女性人殉与东周时期的豫北和晋地传统居民在体质特征存在一定的区别,而与周人畿内和郑韩故城及其以西以北地区的中原文化居民有更多的亲缘关系。     

珠毛蟹甲草的大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育

珠毛蟹甲草 ( Parasenecio roborowskii)是菊科千里光族中款冬亚族蟹甲草属的一种植物 ,在藏药上全草入药 ,有治疗哮喘等疾病 〔1〕之功效。本文首次观察了珠毛蟹甲草的大小孢子发生、雌雄配子体的发育 ,旨在为开发与利用该种植物提供有性生殖过程方面的基础资料。1 　小孢子发生与雄配子体发育花药有 4个药室。小孢子母细胞来源于花药原基的下表皮细胞。孢原细胞经平周分裂形成初生壁细胞和初生造孢细胞。初生壁细胞平周分裂形成两层 :内层发育为绒毡层细胞 ,外层再分裂一次形成药室内壁与中层 ,成熟的花药壁细胞由表皮、药室内壁、中层和…     

根田鼠母体捕食应激对其雌性子代雄性化效应的研究

本研究了根田鼠母体捕食应激对其雌性子代雄性化的效应。母体捕食应激使雌性子代在鼻端探究、生殖区探究、试图探究和爬跨及尾随等性行为中花费的时间最多,阴道开口时间显延迟,生殖器与肛门间距离显增大,而母体食物限制和断乳应激子代则未明显呈现上述特征。母体捕食应激使其雌性子代显地降低对雄性个体的性吸引力。因此,母体捕食应激使雌性子代在性行为、形态特征及性吸引力方面呈现雄性化效应,主要归结于捕食应激引起母体内分泌的改变所致;此效应仅产生于胚胎性分化的特定关键时期。全结果检验了田鼠类母体捕食应激对其雌性子代性分化有显影响的假设。     

Increased levels of superoxide in brains from old female rats

Hypertension, aging and a range of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with increased oxidative damage. The present study examined whether superoxide (O₂^•-) levels in brain are increased during aging in female rats, and the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and oestrogen in regulating O₂^•- levels.

Young adult (3 month) and old (11 month) female spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were studied. O₂^•- levels were measured in brain homogenates by lucigenin chemiluminescence and SOD expression by Western blotting. Ageing significantly increased brain O₂^•- levels in WKY (cortex +216%, hippocampus +320%, striatum +225%) and to a greater extent in SHRSP (cortex +540%, hippocampus +580%, striatum +533%). Older SHRSP showed a decline in cortical Cu/Zn SOD expression compared to young adult SHRSP. Oestrogen did not attenuate O₂^•- levels.

The results show a significant age-dependent increase in brain O₂^•- levels which is exaggerated in SHRSP. The excess cortical O₂^•- levels in the SHRSP may be associated with a down-regulation of Cu/Zn SOD but are not related to a decrease in oestrogen.     

Schistosoma mansoni: Assessment of effects of oleic acid,cercarial age and water temperature on parasite-host attraction

Although the lifecycle of Schistosoma spp. and pathophysiology of schistosomiasis have been established, the mechanism by which cercariae find their host is not well understood. Speculatively, host infection by random and accidental host contact is not as biologically plausible as a biochemical mechanism of mammalian attraction. A few studies have indicated that biochemical cues and temperature gradients may play a role in host identification, attraction and attachment triggers. This study aimed to elucidate these mechanisms more specifically through evaluation of biochemical, age and temperature influences leading to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae attraction and attachment behaviors. Oleic acid, a common unsaturated free fatty acid in the outer layer of human skin, was tested for cercariae attraction across biologically relevant concentrations. Influence of media type (beeswax, nail varnish and agar), age-dependent behavior variability and environmentally appropriate temperatures (22 and 30 °C) were also evaluated. Results indicated that oleic acid at concentrations of 0.3, 0.9 and 1.8 g/mL in beeswax significantly increased median attachment to media (median attachment of 7.50%, 4.20% and 3.71%, respectively, P < 0.001), compared with plain beeswax, with maximal attachment of 30.30% at 0.3 g/mL of oleic acid. In media containing 0.3 g/mL of oleic acid, cercarial attachment was highest for freshly emerged cercariae to 5 h post-emergence, with a significant decrease in attachment behavior at 10 h post-emergence (P < 0.01). Aquatic temperature at which cercariae were exposed to media did not yield significant results (P value >0.05). Biochemical, age and environmental factors influencing cercarial host attraction and attachment behavior have been elucidated by this study. This information will inform further development of devices for environmental surveillance and potentially improve cercarial exposure prevention strategies.     

Evaluating the phototactic behavior responses of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,to some different wavelength LED lights in laboratory and field

Light traps equipped with light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been applied to manage some phototactic insect pests. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a cosmopolitan insect pest to be seriously harmful to many cruciferous plants. The present research focused on evaluating the phototactic behavior responses of the moths to several wavelengths and photon flux densities of LED lights under laboratory and field conditions. The results from the laboratory showed that the highest phototactic behavior responses of P. xylostella moths were recorded for UV (380 nm) LED light under 1.5 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and 2.5 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The moths were more attracted to light traps equipped with 4 LEDs and 6 LEDs of 380 nm, respectively, between 20:00 and 22:00 than the other groups and night times in the field. The finding from the field was consistent with the results from the laboratory. We found that the 380 nm LED light results in the strongest attraction rate of the moths by 92.4 % and the moths caught in light trap with the UV LEDs was 1.62 times more than that with a black light. These data clearly demonstrate that P. xylostella moths have a high sensitivity to 380 nm, therefore, a 380 nm LED light trap could be useful for monitoring and controlling the moths.     

泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅卵雌核的紫外辐射灭活条件筛选

采用紫外线对泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅卵雌性原核进行干法灭活以及在合成卵巢液、TC-199溶液、Ringer氏溶液和Holtfreter氏溶液中灭活,结果表明:当辐射剂量为90-180mJ/cm~2时,卵子在四种溶液中的单倍体诱导率均较高。合成卵巢液组的最佳辐射剂量为120-180mJ/cm~2;TC-199和Ringer氏溶液组的最佳辐射剂量为120mJ/cm~2;原液使用Holtfreter氏溶液效果欠佳,干法灭活效果最差。在上述各辐射剂量下,畸形苗经染色体组鉴定92％为雄核发育单倍体。综合评价,灭活效果依次是:人工合成卵巢液>TC-199溶液>Ringer氏溶液>Holtfreter氏溶液>干法。     

Factors underlying party size differences between chimpanzees and bonobos: a review and hypotheses for future study

Differences in party size and cohesiveness among females have been primary topics in socio-ecological comparisons of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). This paper aims to review previous studies that attempted to explain these differences and propose some hypotheses to be tested in future studies. Comparisons of recent data show that relative party size (expressed as a percentage of total group size) is significantly larger for bonobos than chimpanzees. Although the prolonged estrus of females, close association between mother and adult sons, female social relationships including unique homosexual behavior, and high female social status might be related to the increased party size and female cohesiveness of bonobos, these social and behavioral factors alone do not appear to explain the differences between the two species. Differences in ecological factors, including fruit-patch size, density of terrestrial herbs, and the availability of scattered foods that animals forage as they travel between large fruit patches could also contribute to the differences between chimpanzees and bonobos. However, these factors cannot fully account for the increased party size and female cohesiveness of bonobos. The higher female cohesiveness in bonobos may be explained by socio-ecological systems that reduce the cost in feeding efficiency incurred by attending mixed-sex parties. These systems may include female initiatives for party ranging movements as well as the factors mentioned above. Because of their geographical isolation, the two species probably evolved different social systems. Chimpanzees, whose habitats became very dry during some periods in the Pleistocene, likely evolved more flexible fission–fusion social systems to cope with seasonal and annual variation in food availability. On the other hand, bonobos had a large refugia forest in the middle of their range even during the driest periods in the Pleistocene. Therefore bonobos, whose habitats had more abundant food and smaller variation in food availability, probably evolved systems that help females stay in mixed parties without incurring large costs from contest and scramble competition.