Quantitative ovule sterility in Medicago sativa

 Ovule sterility was found to be associated with callose deposition in B17, a plant with low fertility from the alfalfa cv Blazer XL. The site of callose deposition, which began during embryo-sac development and affected 81% of the ovules in mature florets, at random positions in the ovary, appeared to be the embryo-sac wall or the integumentary tapetum. The fertile ovules of B17 transmitted the ovule-sterility trait to the progenies, thereby demonstrating a sporophytic genetic control. B17 was crossed with P13, a Peruvian plant with 5% callosized ovules, to generate reciprocal F₁ populations, and an F₁ plant (91% callosized ovules) was used to obtain the backcross populations. B17 was also crossed to unrelated, highly fertile, plants. S₁ progenies from B17 and P13 were also studied. All the progeny populations displayed continuous variation for the percentage of sterile ovules, supporting a polygenic control. Narrow-sense heritability estimated by offspring-midparent regression was 0.85. Reduced transmission of the sterility trait through the pollen is hypothesized to explain the difference between reciprocal crosses. Six progeny plants showing 100% callosized ovules proved to be female-sterile. Ovule sterility could be an important component of the generally observed low realized seed potential in alfalfa. Received: 2 March 1998 / Accepted: 28 May 1998     

短柄五加大,小孢子发生和雌,雄配子体发育的研究

短柄五加花药５枚,每个花药四个花粉囊。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为同时型,产生正四面体形的四分体。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层四层细胞组成,其发育类型为双子叶型。腺质绒毡层,其细胞为二核。三细胞型花粉。子房５室,每室两个胚珠,上胚珠败育,下胚珠可育。下胚珠倒生,具单珠被,厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线性排列的四个大孢子,雌配子体发育属蓼型。开花当天,花粉散开,雌配子体尚未成熟,处     

混合喂养法建立成年营养性肥胖大鼠模型

目的:尝试用混合喂养法建立一种与临床相仿的成年营养性肥胖大鼠模型。方法:55只8周龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组10只(普通饲料喂养)和实验组45只(混合喂养),喂养2周后实验组剔除肥胖抵抗大鼠。每周记录大鼠体重,喂养9周后观察两组大鼠体重、体长、Lee's指数、空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂、葡萄糖耐量水平和肝脏组织病理改变。结果:喂养第9周末,实验组大鼠和对照组大鼠体重分别为(645.6±34.8)g和(483.3±31.5)g,Lee's指数分别为(326.3±24.2)和(302.7±19.8),组间比较有显著差异(P0.05)。实验组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、FPG、糖负荷后30、60、120分钟血糖均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。HE染色病理结果显示实验组大鼠肝脏均出现脂肪样变,而对照组未见明显变性。结论:本研究所应用的混合喂养法可以稳定成功地建立伴有葡萄糖耐量减低和高脂血症的成年营养性肥胖大鼠模型。     

女性甲状腺癌的病理与预后分析

目的:探讨女性甲状腺癌的病理特点以及预后影响因素。方法:收集2005年1月至2009年8月,齐齐哈尔和平医院收治的女性甲状腺癌患者148例,回顾分析其临床病理特点以及预后影响因素。结果:病理检查显示131例(88.5%)甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC),6例(4.1%)为滤泡状癌(FTC),3例(2.0%)为髓样癌(MTC),6例(4.1%)为未分化癌(ATC);病理分期Ⅰ-Ⅱ期占45.3%,Ⅲ-Ⅳ期占54.7%;27例(18.24%)为周围组织侵犯,9例(6.1%)为远处转移,10例(6.76%)对侧甲状腺转移,56例(37.84%)颈部淋巴结转移;1年、3年、5年生存率依次为97.3%、93.2%、83.8%;年龄、病理床分期、病理类型、淋巴结转移、远处转移以及周围组织侵犯均是影响临床预后的重要因素(P0.05)。结论:女性甲状腺癌存在病理分期晚、病理分型差、淋巴结转移、远处转移及局部侵犯率高等不良预后因素,早期影像学检查对临床治疗具有指导意义。     

电刺激联合生物反馈法治疗产后女性性功能障碍的临床研究

目的:探究应用电刺激联合生物反馈法治疗产后女性性功能障碍的临床效果。方法:选取2011年1月-2012年1月产后2个月来我院复查的80例性功能障碍患者,按照康复方法将患者分为两组,观察组及对照组,各40例患者。其中观察组采用电刺激联合生物反馈法进行治疗,对照组采用常规盆底肌肉锻炼法,观察两组患者治疗前后心理状况以及治疗后性生活质量情况。结果:观察组治疗后SAS、SDS评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者较治疗前盆底肌肉肌力等级均有所提高,观察组提高更加显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组性生活质量评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:电刺激联合生物反馈疗法对产后女性性功能的障碍具有可靠的疗效,能显著提高患者性生活质量,是治疗产后女性性功能障碍效果较好的一种方法,值得推广应用。     

Allogenic banking of dental pulp stem cells for innovative therapeutics

Medical research in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy has brought encouraging perspectives for the use of stem cells in clinical trials. Multiple types of stem cells, from progenitors to pluripotent stem cells, have been investigated. Among these, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal multipotent cells coming from the dental pulp, which is the soft tissue within teeth. They represent an interesting adult stem cell source because they are recovered in large amount in dental pulps with non-invasive techniques compared to other adult stem cell sources. DPSCs can be obtained from discarded teeth, especially wisdom teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. To shift from promising preclinical results to therapeutic applications to human, DPSCs must be prepared in clinical grade lots and transformed into advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP). As the production of patient-specific stem cells is costly and time-consuming, allogenic biobanking of clinical grade human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-typed DPSC lines provides efficient innovative therapeutic products. DPSC biobanks represent industrial and therapeutic innovations by using discarded biological tissues (dental pulps) as a source of mesenchymal stem cells to produce and store, in good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions, DPSC therapeutic batches. In this review, we discuss about the challenges to transfer biological samples from a donor to HLA-typed DPSC therapeutic lots, following regulations, GMP guidelines and ethical principles. We also present some clinical applications, for which there is no efficient therapeutics so far, but that DPSCs-based ATMP could potentially treat.     

Individual variation in parental workload and breeding productivity in female European starlings: is the effort worth it?

We analyzed individual variation in work load (nest visit rate) during chick‐rearing, and the consequences of this variation in terms of breeding productivity, in a highly synchronous breeder, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) focusing on female birds. There was marked (10‐ to 16‐fold) variation in total, female and male nest visit rates, among individuals, but individual variation in female nest visit rate was independent of environment (rainfall, temperature) and metrics of individual quality (laying date, clutch size, amount of male provisioning help), and was only weakly associated with chick demand (i.e., day 6 brood size). Female nest visit rate was independent of date and experimentally delayed birds provisioned at the same rate as peak‐nesting birds; supporting a lack of effect of date per se. Brood size at fledging was positively but weakly related to total nest visit rate (male + female), with >fivefold variation in nest visit rate for any given brood size, and in females brood size at fledging and chick mass at fledging were independent of female nest visit rate, that is, individual variation in workload was not associated with higher productivity. Nevertheless, nest visit rate in females was repeatable among consecutive days (6–8 posthatching), and between peak (first) and second broods, but not among years. Our data suggest that individual females behave as if committed to a certain level of parental care at the outset of their annual breeding attempt, but this varies among years, that is, behavior is not fixed throughout an individual's life but represents an annually variable decision. We suggest females are making predictable decisions about their workload during provisioning that maximizes their overall fitness based on an integration of information on their current environment (although these cues currently remain unidentified).     

Characterising seedling and adult plant resistance to Puccinia hordei in Hordeum vulgare

A set of 113 genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare), along with the susceptible control genotype Gus, was tested for response to the barley leaf rust pathogen Puccinia hordei in the greenhouse (as seedlings) and field (as adult plants). The tests revealed that 68 lines carried adult plant resistance (APR), 23 lines carried uncharacterised seedling resistance (USR) and that three lines carried the seedling resistance gene Rph3. Nineteen lines lacked detectable seedling resistance and were also susceptible in the field at adult plant growth stages. The presence of marker bPb‐0837, linked to the APR gene Rph20, in 35 of the 68 lines carrying APR, suggested they carry this gene. The remaining 33 lines, which lacked the Rph20 linked marker, are likely sources of new uncharacterised APR. Pedigree analysis of the 68 lines found to carry APR revealed that 32 were related to cv. Gull and to Hordeum laevigatum; two were related to cv. Bavaria and one related to cvv. Manchuria and Taganrog, suggesting that these genotypes may be the ancestral sources of the APR carried by each.     

Increased centrosome amplification in aged stem cells of the Drosophila midgut

Age-related changes in long-lived tissue-resident stem cells may be tightly linked to aging and age-related diseases such as cancer. Centrosomes play key roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Supernumerary centrosomes are known to be an early event in tumorigenesis and senescence. However, the age-related changes of centrosome duplication in tissue-resident stem cells in vivo remain unknown. Here, using anti-γ-tubulin and anti-PH3, we analyzed mitotic intestinal stem cells with supernumerary centrosomes in the adult Drosophila midgut, which may be a versatile model system for stem cell biology. The results showed increased centrosome amplification in intestinal stem cells of aged and oxidatively stressed Drosophila midguts. Increased centrosome amplification was detected by overexpression of PVR, EGFR, and AKT in intestinal stem cells/enteroblasts, known to mimic age-related changes including hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells and hyperplasia in the midgut. Our data show the first direct evidence for the age-related increase of centrosome amplification in intestinal stem cells and suggest that the Drosophila midgut is an excellent model for studying molecular mechanisms underlying centrosome amplification in aging adult stem cells in vivo.