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111.
Jose Luis León-de la Luz José J. Pérez-Navarro Reymundo Domínguez-Cadena 《Brittonia》2002,54(2):72-77
Marina victoriae andM. brevis are newly described species from the southern Baja California peninsula, Mexico. The former is a perennial herb locally abundant
in the eroded hillsides at the foothills of Sierra de la Victoria, where an oak woodland and a dry tropical forest meet. The
latter is an elusive ephemeral inhabiting a narrow strip of land between the mangroves and the desert scrub on an island in
the Gulf of California. These two new species belong to the seriesChrysorrhizae, a group native to the Gulf of California basin. 相似文献
112.
Information on biometric and biological parameters of Cancer bellianus Johnson, 1861 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Cancridae) off the Canary Islands is given. Crabs examined were collected during experimental fishing surveys during 1974–1998. Carapace length, carapace width, total wet weight, sex and ovigerous condition were determined. This species was caught at depths from 153 to 750 m, the deepest ever recorded. Size frequency distributions were assembled and size-weight relationships were estimated by sex. Sex-ratio as a function of size and depth was determined. The size at first maturity was calculated by analysing the relative growth between the carapace length and the left chela width: 103.5 mm CL in males, 101.2 mm CL in females. Ovigerous females, egg size and fecundity estimates are reported apparently for the first time. 相似文献
113.
T. E. REIMCHEN P. NOSIL 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,73(1):51-63
Males and females can differ in levels of parasitism and such differences may be mediated by the costs of sexual selection or by ecological differences between the genders. In threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus , males exhibit paternal care and territorial nest defence and the costs of reproduction may be particularly high for males relative to females. We monitored levels of parasitism for 15 years in a population of stickleback infected by four different parasite species. Consistent with general predictions, overall parasite prevalence (total parasitism) was greater in males than in females. However, this excess did not occur for each species of parasite. Males had higher prevalence of a cestode Cyathocephalus truncatus and a trematode Bunodera sp. relative to females, while females had higher prevalence of a cestode Schistocephalus solidus and nematodes. This suggested ecological sources to differences in parasitism rather than reproductive costs and therefore we examined diet of unparasitized stickleback, predicting that differences in dietary niche would influence relative parasitism. This was partially confirmed and showed that female stomach contents had increased frequency of pelagic items, the major habitat for the primary host of S. solidus whereas males exhibited increased frequency of benthic items, the dominant habitat of C. truncatus and Bunodera. Temporal shifts in the extent and direction of differential parasitism among years between the sexes were associated with temporal shifts in dietary differences. Our results, combined with those in the literature, suggest that ecological differences between genders could be a more important component to patterns of parasitic infection in natural populations than currently appreciated. 相似文献
114.
浙南岛屿岩相潮间带石鳖的群落结构 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
研究了浙南岛屿岩相潮间带石鳖的群落结构。用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielous种类均匀度(J)、Margalef种类丰度(d)、Berger-Parker优势度指数(I)4个测定群落种类多样性指标进行数值分析,结果表明,水平变化,H′值为北麂的关帝山最大、七星岛最小,J值为洞头的鸽尾礁最大、七星岛最小,d值为南麂的马祖岙口和北麂的海利相对较大、北麂的筲箕屿最小,I值为七星岛最大、洞头的鸽尾礁最小;垂直变化,潮区由高到低,H′、J和d值呈逐渐增大的趋势,I值中潮区开始则逐渐变小;季节变化,H′、J、d值为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,I值则相反。用Bray-Curtis群落相似性系数聚类分析,浙南岛屿潮间带石鳖群落可聚为两大类型。温度、潮汐、海岸开敞度、浪击度和空间异质性是影响石鳖群落结构的主要因素。 相似文献
115.
This paper presents the results of studies on the morphology of arrowhead flounders, the Kamchatka flounder Atheresthes evermanni (35 specimens), and the American arrowtooth flounder A. stomias (37 specimens) collected in Pacific waters of the northern Kuril Islands and southeastern Kamchatka in 1998–1999. The morphology of the discussed species is compared with that of arrowtooth flounders from other areas. From this comparison, available information on the sharp increase in the density of the American arrowtooth flounder in the surveyed area (since 1997), and similarities in size compositions of the fish in Kuril and Aleutian waters, a conclusion has been made about the penetration of this species from Aleutian Pacific waters into the area of the northern Kuril Islands and southeastern Kamchatka. This is a result of expansion of the geographical range of this species due to general water warming in the northwestern Pacific during the second half of the 1990s. 相似文献
116.
Five species collected in the Nansei Islands are discussed. Of these, one species found on Gardenia jasminoides is described as a new species, Cercosporidium okinawaense Kobayashi et Nishijima. Asperisporium caricae on Carica papaya, Pseudocercospora melastomobia on Melastoma candidum, and P. neoliquidambaris Nakashima et Kobayashi, nom. nov. on Liquidambar formosana are newly added to the Japanese mycoflora. Cercospora violamaculans on Rhaphiolepis umbellata is transferred to the genus Pseudocercospora as Pseudocercospora violamaculans (Fukui) Kobayashi et Nakashima, comb. nov., with some additional notes.
Received: October 26, 2001 / Accepted: March 13, 2002 相似文献
117.
A new terapontid fish, Mesopristes iravi, is described based on 13 specimens collected on Iriomote Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. This species closely resembles
M. argenteus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829) in having dark stripes on the body, but differs from that species in retaining the stripes
even in adults (vs. stripes disappearing ontogenetically in the latter species), having the median stripe passing through
the eye interrupted on the postorbital region (vs. continuous when the stripe present), a shorter fifth (longest) dorsal spine
(14.6–19.7% SL vs. 18.0–22.2% SL), and a longer postorbital length (40.0–43.0% HL vs. 37.8–40.7% HL). Mesopristes iravi has been confused with M. argenteus in previous reports, and on the basis of the literature it may extend from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, southward to Borneo,
Indonesia, and New Guinea.
Received: August 6, 2001 / Revised: February 24, 2002 / Accepted: March 7, 2002 相似文献
118.
Ole Hamann 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2001,10(2):223-250
Mortality and turnover of some of the most characteristic woody plants of Galápagos have been studied during 25 to 32 years on the islands of Santa Cruz, Santa Fe and Pinta. Scalesia pedunculata, S. helleri subsp. helleri and S. baurii subsp. hopkinsii display comparable patterns of high mortality, rapid turnover and relatively short life expectancy, but occur in different habitats and islands in the archipelago. In contrast, Opuntia echios var. gigantea, O. echios var. barringtonensis, O. galapageia var. galapageia, and Bursera graveolens display low mortality (especially of adults), slow turnover and long life expectancies, and occur in similar habitats on different islands. Conditions that favour one taxon may at the same time negatively affect another taxon, and adults, juveniles and seedlings within the taxa may react differently to the same environmental factors. In the humid zone species S. pedunculata, diebacks may be triggered by strong El Niño events, and mass seedling events are associated with El Niños and a subsequent year of drought. In the other taxa investigated, which are arid zone species, the response to strong El Niño events is less pronounced and, in some respects, also different. The differences in mortality, turnover and life expectancy of the species of Scalesia on the one hand and the Opuntia taxa and Bursera on the other, suggest that both humid and arid vegetation types containing species of Scalesia should get higher conservation priority than arid vegetation types without species of Scalesia. 相似文献
119.
120.
This study was designed to investigate spatial and temporal variation in Gelidium canariensis populations at two shores in
northern Gran Canaria during two years. Spatial scales ranged from some hundred meters (distance between shores), 10 to 30
m (distance between plots) to less than 3 m (distance between quadrats). Gelidium individuals were defined as distinct Gelidium
clumps. The results show a significant difference in size of clumps between shores, but not on the smaller spatial scales.
No significant temporal variation was found. There was no significant temporal or spatial variation in standing crop or density
(counts made in quadrats where Gelidium was present, rather than counts for the total shore). Sporophytic and gametophytic
clumps were also distinguished by identifying reproductive structures in the field. The total proportion of sporophytes was
larger than the proportion of gametophytes, but at a smaller scale there could be a shift in dominance. The survival rate
of clumps was similar between shores with a mean survival rate of 85%, but there was a significant difference in recruitment
between shores. The results indicate a stable population structure.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献