Improved genetic transformation protocol for cork oak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus suber</Emphasis> L.)

An optimized protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of mature Quercus suber L. embryogenic masses is reported. In this work several variables were tested. Plant genotype, explant type and time elapsed between the last subculture and inoculation, i.e. the explant preculture period, were found to be very important. Interaction between inoculum density and cocultivation period influenced the transformation efficiency as well. A transformation efficiency (i.e. percentage of the inoculated explants that yielded independent transgenic embryogenic lines) of up to 43% was obtained, greatly improving the previously described method for plant transformation of adult-selected cork oak. It was also shown that this protocol could be applied to various genotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

A Comparative study on pollen exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus and the other genera of Fagaceae

The genus Nothofagus is mainly distributed in South America and New Zealand. The present paper describes its pollen exine ultrastructure and compares the exine ultrastructure with that of the other genera of Fagaceae. The pollen grains were examined using ultrathin sectioning technique under transmission electron microscope. The study shows that the pollen exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus differs from that of the other genera of Fagaceae by its exine structure and thickness, type of aperture, and ornamentation. The pollen exine of Nothofagus is thin and possesses granular bacules, regular foot layer and tectum, spinulate ornamentation, and the endexine is usually visible at poral area, and 5～8 colpate. The pollen exine of the other genera of Fagaceae possesses entire bacules, irregular foot layer and tectum, granulate and tuberculate ornamentation, thicker endexine, and is 3-colporate ( 3-colpate or 3-colporoidate). The pollen exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus may belong to primitive type. The pollen exine ultrastructure data support Kuprianova’s opinion that Nothofagus should be separated from Fagaceae and established as a monogenetic family, i.e. Nothofa-gaceae.     

Pollen morphology of the genus Nothofagus and its taxonomic significance

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 26 species and 2 varieties in Nothofagus from Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Guinea and South America. Pollen grains were all examined with light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). A comparative analysis of pollen exine ultrastructure was made for some species. The results are summarised as follows: Pollen grains are oblate to peroblate, 5～8-short-colpate, rarely 4- or 9-colpate; colpi generally thickened at margins; pollen surface spinulose. The exine ultrastructure of Nothofagus differs considerably from that of the other genera in the Fagaceae. The pollen grains of the species examined here show great differences in shape, size, colpal number and characteristics of colpi at margins and could be divided into three distinct types, i.e. N. brassii type; N. menziesii type and N. fusca type.     

On the Pollen Morphology and Systematic Position of Trigonobalanus doichangensis

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of Trigonobalanus doichangensis (A. Camus) Forman of Fagaceae. Comparative study on pollen grains was carried out by means of light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The pollen grains of T. doichangensis are subspheroidal or suboblate but in polar view they are subtriangular, and in equatorial view they are subcircular they are 27.3, 23.1-29.4)×27.3(25.2-29.4) μm in size and 3-colporate goniotreme. The exine is 2-layered, 2.4-4.2μm, thick in apocolpia. The sexine cosists of tectum, bacules and endonexine under TEM. On the basis of pollen shape, type of aperture and exine structure the pollen grains of T. doichangensis are distinguishable, from those of other genera in Fagaceae and it may belong to a new type of Fagaceae.     

中国大陆北热带及亚热带地区樟科、壳斗科物种多样性及其生物地理格局分析

以中国大陆北热带及亚热带地区优势科樟科、壳斗科植物为研究对象,利用专著发表大量的样方数据和物种分布数据,分析樟科、壳斗科与群落构建的关系、它们各大属的地理分布格局,探讨影响其分布的可能历史原因。结果表明:中国大陆北热带及亚热带地区森林乔木层优势科为樟科、壳斗科、山茶科、杜鹃花科。樟科、壳斗科物种丰富度均与其所在群落的物种丰富度呈现一定的正相关,樟科对群落构建的贡献较大。樟科、壳斗科植物种的空间多样性分布中心均出现在我国亚热带中部偏南地区。樟科的厚壳桂属、琼楠属以及壳斗科的锥属物种多样性分布中心主要在南亚热带及北热带区域,以广西、云南省份的南部为主。樟科的樟属、新木姜子属、润楠属、木姜子属及壳斗科的柯属、青冈属主要分布在我国大陆北热带及亚热带中部偏南的地区,其多样性分布中心与樟科、壳斗科科水平的物种多样性分布中心极为相似。樟科的山胡椒属、楠属、黄肉楠属,壳斗科的栎属主要分布在研究区域中部以西的地区。研究结果佐证物种的生态学特性以及生物地理学历史综合作用导致目前樟科和壳斗科植物的生物多样性分布格局。     

陕西壳斗科植物新类群

在大量野外调查和标本整理的基础上,作者对陕西省壳斗科植物的分类与分布进行了系统研究。本文报道了新变种3个:太白槲栎(Quercus aliena Bl.var.taibaiensis W.H.Zhang)、陕西槲栎(Quercus aliena Bl.var.shaanxiensis W.H.Zhang)、星毛枹栎(Quercus glandulifera Bl.var.stellatopilosa W.H.Zhang);新组合2个:城口青冈(Cyclobalanopsis fargesii (Franch.)S.Z.Qu et W.H.Z hang)、粉背青冈(Cyclobalanopsis hypargy-rae (Seem.)W.H.Zhang);陕西省分布新记录3个:多穗石栎(Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.)、大叶栎(Quercus griffithii Hook.f.et Thoms.)、长叶枹栎(Quercus monnula Y.C.Hsu et H.W.Jen);同时,澄清了枹栎(Q.glandulifera Bl.)命名上的一些问题。     

中国栎属九种植物的核型分析

报道了中国栎属 ( Quercus L inn.) 9种植物的核型。结果如下 :帽斗栎 ( Q.guyavaelofia) :2 n=2 4 =2 2 m+2 sm,属于“1A”类型 ;富宁栎 ( Q.setulosa) :2 n=2 4 =2 0 m+4sm,属于“2 A”类型 ;炭栎 ( Q.utilis) :2 n=2 4 =2 4 m,属于“2 A”类型 ;乌冈栎 ( Q.phillyraeoides) :2 n=2 4 =2 0 m+4sm,属于“2 B”类型 ;匙叶栎 ( Q.dolicholepis) :2 n=2 4 =2 0 m+4sm,属于“2 B”类型 ;岩栎( Q.acrodonta) :2 n=2 4 =2 2 m+2 sm,属于“2 B”类型 ;麻栗坡栎 ( Q.marlipoensis) :2 n=2 4 =2 4 m,属于“1B”类型 ;锥连栎 ( Q.franchetii) :2 n=2 4 =2 2 m +2 sm ,属于“1B”类型 ;麻栎 ( Q.acutissima) :2 n=2 4 =2 0 m+4sm,属于“2 B”类型 .其中除麻栎外 ,另 8种的核型系首次报道。研究结果表明 ,上述核型在种间较相似 ,但以组为单位进行比较时 ,则有一定的价值 ,有可能为揭示栎属的系统演化提供新的证据。     

中国锥属(壳斗科)一新记录种——巨盘锥

【目的】巨盘锥(Castanopsis grandicicatricata)是原产于越南中、北部的壳斗科锥属植物,现于云南屏边苗族自治县大围山地区发现一零星分布的居群。为确定该种的身份,检验原始文献基于形态学推测的近亲,并展示该种所处的系统地位。【方法】利用细胞核rRNA基因5.8S、26S间隔区ITS2与叶绿体基因rbcL分子标记重建系统树。【结果】形态上,该种壳斗4.5～6.0 cm,刺树状分枝,坚果扁球形,果脐占坚果表面积2/3,与中国已知锥属均不同。分子系统树支持形态学推测,湄公锥(C.mekongensis)是其近缘种之一。【结论】巨盘锥是中国锥属一新记录种,这对于研究中国滇东南与越南北部植物区系有重要的意义。     

基于几何形态分析的栎属白栎组叶片形态特征

以壳斗科栎属白栎组的5个种作为研究对象进行叶片几何形态学分析(GMMs)。选取了20个天然种群,共采集182个个体,887张叶片,对每张叶片采用几何形态学的标点法,数字化叶形态特征,使5个种的叶形态差异可视化。结果表明: 广义普氏分析可以有效地排除叶片位置和大小对叶片形状的影响。基于个体水平的主成分分析表明,槲树分别与槲栎和枹栎2个种的叶片形态差异明显,基于个体水平的典型变量分析表明,叶片的对称组分可以将槲栎与其他4个种准确区分。叶片非对称组分的多变量分析表明,5个种彼此间区别不明显。基于叶片水平的分析表明: 区分度较高的两组是槲栎vs.槲树(99.5% vs. 100%)和槲树vs.枹栎(99.0% vs. 100%),可以通过叶形准确区分;区分度略低的两组是白栎vs.枹栎(90.5% vs. 86.8%)和槲树vs.蒙古栎(85.1% vs. 82.9%)。本研究为存在频繁杂交渐渗的物种间叶型鉴定提供了新思路。