用三色荧光原位杂交(Three-Color FISH)检测小鼠精子中染色体数目异常的研究

用小鼠X、Y和8号染色体特异的DNA探针,与经DTT（dithiotreitol）和LIS（lithium-3,5-diiodosalicylicacid）解聚的小鼠附单精子进行三色荧光原位杂交（fluoresceoceinsituhybridization,FISH）,以检测精子中的染色体数目异常,并与MMⅡ染色体分析比较．结果表明精子三色FISH具有以下优点和特点：（1）方法敏感稳定,且简便快速;（2）在每一个体至少分析10000尾精子的基础上计算非整倍体单,因此结果更为准确;（3）能检测多倍体即减数分裂停止的发生率及停止的时期;（4）不仅能测定发生于试数分裂Ⅰ（MI）的染色体分离异常,还能检测发生于减数分裂Ⅱ（MII）的不分离和丢失．并对探针的选用、分析标准的建立以及三色FISH用于精于染色体分析的必要性等进行了讨论．     

阿哈湖深层水中微生物和硫酸还原菌数量及群落结构空间变化

采用荧光原位杂交法分析了贵州阿哈湖深层水环境中总微生物、真细菌和硫酸盐还原菌数量。结果表明:该湖水中微生物总量为1.6×107个.L-1,真细菌占微生物总量的52.9%,且微生物总量和真细菌数量垂直变化无明显差异。随着水体深度的增加,活性微生物数量增加,且微生物的群落结构更加复杂。阿哈湖深层水体中有一定数量的硫酸盐还原菌存在。     

一种新的兔内皮素B受体基因克隆和全序列分析

Endothelin(ET)is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor identified to data. As a pathogenic factor,ET is involved in the genesis of many diseases. In this study, a pair of primers was designed and synthesized according to the human ETB receptor gene (hETBR)sequence. A 394bp of DNA fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and labeled with a-32p-CTP using Random Primer-Labeling method. With this probe, rabbit lung cDNA library was screened by in situ hybridization and 11 positive clones were identified. Sequencing result showed that a complete reading frame of rabbit ETB receptor(rETBR)cDNA could be produced from three positive clones of eleven. By a series of subcloning,a recombinant plasmid including the 1326 bp of rETBR coding sequences, named pBlu Script-rETBR, was constructed. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the rETBR is 441 residues in length, with an expected molecular mass of approximately 49.44 kD. N-terminal 18 residues is the potential signal peptide (Score＝11.11)and therefore the molecular mass of mature rETBR is 47.65 kD with 423 amino acid residues. Analysis of the rETBR hydropathy profile indicates the presence of seven hydrophobic regions, putative transmembrane domains. Potential N-glycosylation sites are the 60th and the 118 th. The structure exhibits a significant sequence and topographical similarity with G protein-coupled receptors.     

半枫荷调控RA模型的非靶向代谢组学研究

为探讨半枫荷干预类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)模型大鼠血浆内容物代谢轮廓的变化和特征,该研究以半枫荷正丁醇提取物给药前后RA模型大鼠血浆为研究对象,借助超高效液相色谱联用四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF/MS)技术进行非靶向代谢组学检测,并用SIMCA-P软件对代谢物测定结果进行多元变量统计分析,筛选差异代谢物并作通路富集分析。结果表明：(1)给药前后大鼠血浆代谢轮廓存在显著差异,与模型组相比,给药组在正负离子模式合并后筛选出321种差异代谢物,其中负离子模式鉴定到174种代谢物,正离子模式鉴定到192种代谢物。(2)鉴定到的所有代谢物根据其化学分类归属信息归为12种类型,有机酸及其衍生物和脂类及类脂分子这2类代谢物数量占比较高。(3)通路富集获得37个代谢通路且呈显著性差异(P<0.05),给药组中蛋白质的消化和吸收、肿瘤胆碱代谢通路和ABC转运蛋白通路出现较大扰动且富集到的差异代谢物数量最多,所有通路均显著上调(P<0.05)。这对阐明半枫荷调控RA症状的变化机制具有一定指导价值和理论意义。     

应用FISH技术鉴定一个小冰麦易位系

以生物素（ｂｉｏｔｉｎ１６ｄＵＴＰ）标记的天蓝冰草（Ａｇｒｏｐｙｒｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｍ（Ｈｏｓｔ）Ｐ．Ｂ．＝Ｅｌｙｔｒｉｇｉａｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａ（Ｈｏｓｔ）Ｎｅｖｓｋｉ＝Ｔｈｉｎｏｐｙｒｕｍｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｍ（Ｈｏｓｔ）ＢａｒｋｗｏｒｔｈａｎｄＤｅｗｅｙ）染色体组ＤＮＡ为探针,普通小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）“中国春”ＤＮＡ为封闭,用荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ）技术对小冰麦３３号进行检测。结果表明：在一对染色体的端部显现出绿色荧光,这说明小冰麦３３号携带外源基因的冰草染色体片段位于小麦染色体端部,而且易位的染色体片段是较小的。从ＤＮＡ水平直接证明小冰麦３３是一个冰草染色体片段易位到小麦染色体端部的易位系。     

Electrochemical DNA biosensor based on silver nanoparticles/poly(3-(3-pyridyl) acrylic acid)/carbon nanotubes modified electrode

In this work, we present an electrochemical DNA sensor based on silver nanoparticles/poly(trans-3-(3-pyridyl) acrylic acid) (PPAA)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl groups (MWCNTs-COOH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The polymer film was electropolymerized onto MWCNTs-COOH modified electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and then silver nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the surface of PPAA/MWCNTs-COOH composite film. Thiol group end single-stranded DNA (HS-ssDNA) probe was easily covalently linked onto the surface of silver nanoparticles through a 5′ thiol linker. The DNA hybridization events were monitored based on the signal of the intercalated adriamycin by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Based on the response of adriamycin, only the complementary oligonucleotides gave an obvious current signal compared with the three-base mismatched and noncomplementary oligonucleotides. Under the optimal conditions, the increase of reduction peak current of adriamycin was linear with the logarithm of the concentration of the complementary oligonucleotides from 9.0 × 10⁻¹² to 9.0 × 10⁻⁹ M with a detection limit of 3.2 × 10⁻¹² M. In addition, this DNA sensor exhibited an excellent reproducibility and stability during DNA hybridization assay.     

From transects to transcripts: Teasing apart the architecture of reproductive isolation

Understanding the processes underlying speciation has long been a challenge to evolutionary biologists. This spurs from difficulties teasing apart the various mechanisms that contribute to the evolution of barriers to reproduction. The study by Rafati et al. ( 2018 ) in this issue of Molecular Ecology combines spatially explicit whole‐genome resequencing with evaluation of differential gene expression across individuals with mixed ancestry to associate the genomic architecture of reproductive barriers with expression of reproductive incompatibilities. In a natural hybrid zone between rabbit subspecies, Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus and O. c. algirus (Figure  1 ), Rafati et al. ( 2018 ) use landscape‐level patterns of allele frequency variation to identify potential candidate regions of the genome associated with reproductive isolation. These candidate regions are used to test predictions associated with the genomic architecture of reproductive barriers, including the role of structural rearrangements, enrichment of functional categories associated with incompatibilities, and the contribution of protein‐coding versus regulatory changes. A lack of structural rearrangements and limited protein‐coding changes in candidate regions point towards the importance of regulatory variation as major contributors to genetic incompatibilities, while functional enrichments indicate overrepresentation of genes associated with male infertility. To quantify phenotypic expression of proposed incompatibilities, the authors assess gene expression of experimental crosses. Extensive misregulation of gene expression within the testes of backcross hybrids relative to F1 and parental individuals provides an important link between genotype and phenotype, validating hypotheses developed from assessment of genomic architectures. Together, this work shows how pairing natural hybrid zones with experimental crosses can be used to link observations in nature to mechanistic underpinnings that may be tested experimentally.     

中国双盖蕨属一新记录种——Diplazium×kidoi Sa.Kurata

首次报道了中国双盖蕨属一新记录种,中日双盖蕨（Diplazium × kidoi Sa. Kurata）,该种是耳羽短肠蕨（D. wichurae（Mett.）Diels）和薄叶双盖蕨（D. pinfaense Ching）的杂交种。本研究详细描述了中日双盖蕨的形态特征,并比较了其与两个亲本的差别。D × kidoi的发现对研究异域杂交物种形成和认识蕨类植物物种形成中广泛存在的杂交现象具有一定的意义。     

红莲优6号杂交水稻与亲本三系不同发育时期幼苗叶片基因表达差异分析

运用DDRT-PCR对红莲型杂交稻组合红莲优6号及其亲本、保持系（粤泰A、粤泰B、9311）的一叶期、三叶期叶片基因表达状况进行分析。结果表明：杂种与亲本之间在同一发育时期基因表达既有质量上又有数量上的差异,但差异表达基因所占比较较小;而对于同一材料,一叶期、三叶期的叶片cDNA扩增带型相似,没有发现基因质上的差异表达,说明一叶期与三叶期幼苗叶片基因表达差异很小。实验也证明DDRT-PCR技术结合银染方法是一种简单快速分析差异表达基因的有效方法。