NaHCO3胁迫下硝酸镧对黑麦草幼苗光合机构的保护作用

研究了150 mmol·L^-1NaHCO₃胁迫下,不同浓度硝酸镧对黑麦草幼苗光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数、Mehler反应,以及叶黄素循环的影响.结果表明：低浓度硝酸镧(0.05 mmol·L^-1)叶面喷施处理能显著减小NaHCO₃胁迫下黑麦草叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔限制值(L_s)的下降幅度和胞间CO₂浓度(C_i) 的上升幅度,有效缓解NaHCO₃胁迫对叶片PSⅡ光化学猝灭(q_P)、实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、依赖光合碳同化电子传递(ETR_p)和依赖Mehler反应电子传递(ETR_m) 的抑制,增强黑麦草叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性,提高非光化学能量耗散(NPQ)、叶黄素循环库(V+A+Z)和脱环氧化程度(A+Z)/(V+A+Z),从而减轻NaHCO₃胁迫对光合机构的伤害;但高浓度硝酸镧(0.5 mmol·L^-1)对NaHCO₃胁迫伤害的缓解效果不明显.表明适宜浓度的硝酸镧能够缓解NaHCO₃胁迫下非气孔因素引起的黑麦草叶片光合速率下降以及对光化学效率的抑制,并通过促进Mehler反应直接耗散过剩激发能和激活依赖叶黄素循环的热耗散,保护NaHCO₃胁迫引起的过剩光能对光合机构造成的伤害,而Mehler反应加强所产生的活性氧可被抗氧化酶活性的提高所清除.     

Nitric oxide mediates the fungal elicitor-induced puerarin biosynthesis in Pueraria thomsonii Benth. suspension cells through a salicylic acid (SA)-dependent and a jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signal pathway

Higher plants constitute one of our most important natural resources, which provide not only foodstuffs, fibers, and woods, but also many chemicals, such as flavorings, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Although plants are renewable resources, some species are b…     

Trypanosoma cruzi: the role of PGE2 in immune response during the acute phase of experimental infection

Chagas disease is characterized by cardiac lesions and a high level of PGE2. Our objective was to investigate the role of PGE2 in cardiac lesions. BALB/c mice were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (1x10(3) trypomastigote forms) and were treated daily with PBS, meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) or etoricoxib (0.6 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed on the 21st day of infection and we collected the cardiac tissue and spleen cells for tissue culture. We observed that treatment with COX-2 inhibitors was able to decrease synthesis of PGE2 by spleen cells. This reduction was accompanied by reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, parasite nets, cardiac fibrosis and fewer COX-2 positive cells in cardiac tissue obtained from these animals. In conclusion, treatment with COX-2 inhibitors, and consequent inhibition of PGE2 synthesis, was able to reduce the cardiac damage observed during the acute phase of experimental Chagas disease, thus demonstrating the involvement of this mediator in the cardiac lesion.     

Two new megastigmane glycosides, physanosides A and B, from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii, and their effect on NO release in macrophages

Two new megastigmane glycosides, physanosides A and B (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii, together with four known compounds (6S,9R)-roseoside (3), (6S,9S)-roseoside (4), (6R,9S)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), and citroside A (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical evidence, in-depth NMR spectroscopic analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and CD spectroscopy, and their inhibitory effect on NO production was also examined. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited strong inhibition on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release by macrophages with IC(50) values of 9.93 and 7.31 microM, respectively.     

腹部恒磁场作用对大鼠药物性胃损伤的治疗机制探讨

目的：观察腹部恒磁场治疗急性药物性胃损伤模型的同时,大鼠胃粘膜组织内皮素1（endothelin—1,ET-1）、一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH—Px）及超氧化物岐化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）的水平,探讨磁场治疗胃损伤的作用机制。方法：10只健康SD大鼠,在Indomethacin胃灌注法复制急性胃损伤模型后,以钡铁氧体恒磁场（表面磁强度为1300—1600GS）作用大鼠腹部3小时,观察胃损伤指数及病理损伤积分,同时对胃粘膜组织中ET-1、NO、GSH—Px及SOD水平进行比较。结果：腹部磁场作用3小时后,大鼠胃损伤指数及病理损伤积分均显著减轻（P均〈0．05）;胃粘膜组织内ET-1、NO及GSH—Px水平均无显著改变（p均〉0．05）,SOD含量较对照组均明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论：恒磁场（1300—1600CS）腹部作用3小时,大鼠急性胃损伤程度可明显减轻,磁场对胃粘膜组织内自由基的影响可能参与其作用机制。     

Purification and Characterization of Xylose Isomerase of a Methanol Yeast,Candida boidinii,Which is Involved in Sorbitol Production from Glucose

d-Xylose (xylose) isomerase was extracted from xylose-grown cells of a methanol yeast, Candida boidinii (Kloeckera sp.) No. 2201. The enzyme was purified 70-fold, over the original cell- free extract, with a yield of 2.4% in a homogeneous state, as judged on sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 130,000, the enzyme being composed of two subunits of 65,000. The optimum pH and temperature for activity were 4.5 and 37~45°C, respectively. The enzyme activity was markedly enhanced by Mn²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Co²⁺, and the enzyme isomerized aldopentoses and aldohexoses. The Km values for xylose and d-glucose were 5.6 × 10?¹m and 4.1 × 10?¹m, and the V_max values were 5.8 × 10² and 3.3 × 10² µmol/min/mg, respectively. NaHAsO₄ 7H₂O and NaCN strongly inhibited the activity, but HgCl₂, NaN₃, dithiothreitol, monoiodoacetate and polyols such as d-sorbitol, xylitol and d-mannitol did not inhibit the activity.     

Tetrahydropteridine deficiency impairs mitochondrial function in Dictyostelium discoideum Ax2

A putative cellular function of tetrahydropteridines (l-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin and d-threo-tetrahydrobiopterin) was investigated in Dictyostelium discoideum Ax2 using a mutant disrupted in the gene encoding sepiapterin reductase (SR). The SR mutant, which produces about 3% of tetrahydropteridines if compared to wild-type, was elucidated to have several functional defects related to mitochondria and oxidative stress: retarded growth, poor spore viability, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress induced by hydroxylamine or cumene-hydroperoxide. However, the physiological defects were almost completely rescued by extrachromosomal expression of Dictyostelium SR. The results strongly suggested that tetrahydropteridines in Dictyostelium are associated with mitochondrial function, probably via direct protection against oxidative stress.     

NO formation during agricultural straw combustion

NO formation during combustion of four typical kinds of straw (wheat straw, rice straw, cotton stalk and corn stalk) which belong to soft straw and hard straw was studied in a tubular quartz fixed bed reactor under conditions relevant to grate boiler combustion. Regarding the real situation in biomass fired power plants in China, NO formation from blended straw combustion was also investigated. Nitrogen transfer during blended straw pyrolysis was performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) coupled with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results show that NO conversion for the four straws during combustion is distinctive. Over 70% fuel-N converts into NO for cotton stalk, while only 37% for wheat straw under the same condition. When wheat straw and cotton stalk were mixed, N-NO conversion increases. The limestone addition promotes NO emission during cotton stalk combustion. The presence of SO₂ in atmosphere suppresses NO formation from straw combustion.     

Thaw depth determines reaction and transport of inorganic nitrogen in valley bottom permafrost soils

Nitrate (NO₃^–) export coupled with high inorganic nitrogen (N) concentrations in Alaskan streams suggests that N cycles of permafrost‐influenced ecosystems are more open than expected for N‐limited ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that soil thaw depth governs inorganic N retention and removal in soils due to vertical patterns in the dominant N transformation pathways. Using an in situ, push–pull method, we estimated rates of inorganic N uptake and denitrification during snow melt, summer, and autumn, as depth of soil–stream flowpaths increased in the valley bottom of an arctic and a boreal catchment. Net NO₃^– uptake declined sharply from snow melt to summer and decreased as a nonlinear function of thaw depth. Peak denitrification rate occurred during snow melt at the arctic site, in summer at the boreal site, and declined as a nonlinear function of thaw depth across both sites. Seasonal patterns in ammonium (NH₄⁺) uptake were not significant, but low rates during the peak growing season suggest uptake that is balanced by mineralization. Despite rapid rates of hydrologic transport during snow melt runoff, rates of uptake and removal of inorganic N tended to exceed water residence time during snow melt, indicating potential for retention of N in valley bottom soils when flowpaths are shallow. Decreased reaction rates relative to water residence time in subsequent seasons suggest greater export of inorganic N as the soil–stream flowpath deepens due to thawing soils. Using seasonal thaw as a proxy for longer term deepening of the thaw layer caused by climate warming and permafrost degradation, these results suggest increasing potential for export of inorganic N from permafrost‐influenced soils to streams.