抗真菌药物预防医院真菌感染的研究

目的探讨应用抗真菌药物预防医院感染的作用。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究,观察400例患者真菌医院感染情况,对长期使用抗生素、免疫抑制剂和放化疗等相关病例,预防性应用抗真菌药物。结果试验组和对照组发生真菌医院感染发病率分别为6.5%(13/200例)和14%(28/200例),2组间真菌医院感染发病率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论对高危患者采取预防性应用抗真菌药物,是降低真菌性医院感染的一种合理、有效的预防措施。     

光子中医信息疗法

本文简述了弱激光血疗的机理及其发展过程,并在此基础上详细阐述了我们自己提出的光子中医信息疗法。该疗法根据中医辨证施治的原则,选用经中医信息调制的半导体激光束照射患者口咽部（或鼻腔）和与疾病关联的穴位,综合激光血疗、激光针疗和激光理疗,可引发多种激光生物效应,启动人体生理功能的整体调节机制,逐渐改善和恢复生理功能。除此之外,我们还设计研制了相应的治疗仪器。     

Anti-ulcer and anti-oxidant activity of Pepticare, a herbomineral formulation

Pepticare, a herbomineral formulation of the Ayurveda medicine consisting of the herbal drugs: Glycyrrhiza glabra, Emblica officinalis and Tinospora cordifolia, was tested for its anti-ulcer and anti-oxidant activity in rats. Effects of various doses (125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) of Pepticare were studied on gastric secretion and gastric ulcers in pylorus-ligation and on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The reduction in ulcer index in both the models along with the reduction in volume and total acidity, and an increase in the pH of gastric fluid in pylorus-ligated rats proved the anti-ulcer activity of Pepticare. It was also found that Pepticare was more potent than G. glabra alone in protecting against pylorus-ligation and ethanol-induced ulcers. The increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and membrane bound enzymes like Ca²⁺ATPase, Mg²⁺ATPase and Na⁺K⁺ATPase and decrease in lipid peroxidation in both the models proved the anti-oxidant activity of the formulation. Thus it can be concluded that Pepticare possesses anti-ulcer activity, which can be attributed to its anti-oxidant mechanism of action.     

Magnesium as NMDA receptor blocker in the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen

Aqueous extracts of the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), blocked N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) evoked currents in cerebrocortical neurons in vitro. The block of the NMDA-evoked currents was voltage dependent and showed the negative slope conductance reminiscent of the effect of Mg2+ ions. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) revealed that aqueous Danshen extracts contained approximately 9mM magnesium. Fractionation of the extracts by high performance liquid chromatography followed by patch clamp recording and AAS indicated that magnesium ions were present in two distinct fractions. One fraction contained approximately 5 mM magnesium and blocked NMDA-induced currents indicating that it contained mostly free Mg2+ ions, while a second fraction did not possess NMDA antagonist activity despite the presence of approximately 4 mM magnesium suggesting that Mg2+ in this fraction was mostly chelated. Following removal of the free Mg2+ by ion exchange chromatography, the previously observed block of the NMDA-induced currents was abolished. These data demonstrate that Danshen contains both free and chelated Mg2+. Free Mg2+ ions account for the NMDA antagonist activity of Danshen in vitro.     

Factors in maintaining indigenous knowledge among ethnic communities of Manus Island

Factors in Maintaining Indigenous Knowledge among Ethnic Communities of Manus Island. Economic Botany 59(4):356-365, 2005. Despite the fact that Manus Province is the most geographically isolated province of Papua New Guinea, research shows that the acculturation process, common among minority indigenous groups around the globe, has had detrimental effects on maintaining knowledge and customs. Analysis of ethnobotanical knowledge among the indigenous population of Manus was undertaken in an attempt to compare, contrast, and draw conclusions regarding factors in maintaining indigenous knowledge of the local flora. Four levels of knowledge (plants recognized, identified, identified as useful, and identified as medicinally useful) were used to examine the relationships between knowledge of the local flora and physical, geographical, and social variables of informants. Results showed significant differences in ethnobotanical knowledge based on informant gender, age, cultural subclass, and habitation locality. Low levels of medicinal plant knowledge were found among the Manus due to acculturation, supporting the theory that medicinal plant knowledge is particularly vulnerable to loss.     

中药提取物中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的筛选

目的：从中药中筛选α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。方法：采用α-葡萄糖苷酶、淀粉酶以及蔗糖酶活性测定方法,对126种经水煮醇沉提取的常用中药进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性筛选。结果：在0．28mg／ml反应体系下,24种中药提取物显著抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性;在0．1mg／ml反应体系下,5种中药提取物抑制α-淀粉酶活性。大黄、山茱萸、赤芍、五倍子对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶以及转化酶活性均有抑制作用,与阳性药物拜唐苹比较,这4种中药抑制α-淀粉酶的活性较低,但抑制α-葡萄糖计酶和转化酶的活性明显强于拜唐苹。结论：某些中药提取物能显著抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,如果对其进一步分离、纯化并提取活性部位,可望获得抑制活性更强的中药α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。     

生物活性肽在药物中的应用研究进展

综述了生物活性肽作为一种新型潜在药物的研究进展 ,它可以在临床应用中代替传统的药物 ,取得好的效果。     

美国青蛙歪头病病原的研究

针对湖南岳阳市云溪区某养殖户中美国青蛙腹部肿大,体色发黑,头斜向一面,在水中做“旋转”式游动,解剖后可见腹部有大量脓血水流出,肝脏大呈深紫色,肾脏充血呈鲜红色等症状,进行了细菌分离培养、鉴定、人工感染、生理生化、药敏等试验,结果确认致病菌为嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）,药敏试验结果表明,该病原菌对头孢哌酮、左氟沙星、磷霉素、阿米卡星等高度敏感,而对氟霉素、环丙沙星、庆大霉素等不敏感。     

从近年Nobel奖项看生命科学进展

本文分析了近20年（1989～2008）诺贝尔生理学或医学奖以及化学奖中与生命科学有关的奖项资料.从基因表达调控与基因技术、细胞周期与细胞凋亡的分子机制、细胞信号转导的分子机制、泛素介导的蛋白质降解机制以及病原体研究5个方面进行概要归纳.它展示了近20年生命科学的发展历程,供广大科研、教学人员及研究生参考.     

The family physician and the psychologist in the office together: a response to fragmentation

It is well known that motives for consulting the family physician, though expressed as physical symptoms, often derive from problems needing a holistic, psychosocial approach. Progressive differentiation between medicine and psychology makes co-operation through referral to the psychologist by the physician quite problematic, in terms of both which patients are referred and the modalities of referral. Acceptance of psychological referral may, in any case, be difficult, due to the social stigma that still surrounds mental distress.The authors report a possible solution in an experiment implemented by the postgraduate Health Psychology School of the Rome University 'Sapienza', entailing joint, direct co-operation between a family physician and a psychologist through the psychologist's presence in the doctor's office during consultations. This allowed direct access to a psychologist in the absence of any filter and without the need for a formal request on the patient's part and a biopsychosocial approach to distress. In a small number of cases, more formal consultation with the psychologist was proposed. Cases were always discussed between the two professionals. To date, the experiment has involved nine psychologists and seven physicians over a period of nine years. It appears to be entirely feasible, though requiring a period of adaptation between the two professionals. Patients have welcomed the presence of the psychologist and, as expected, take a broader approach in reporting their distress.An illustrative case is presented, in which finding the meaning of a symptom avoided unnecessary and costly investigations, and facilitated the patient in taking a new direction in his life.