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141.
东方次睾吸虫电镜研究(吸虫纲:后睾科)V.雌性生殖器官 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
东方次睾吸虫雌性生殖器官(卵巢、输卵管、卵黄-输卵管、卵模、梅氏腺和子宫)透射电镜 观察。卵巢内有不同成熟期的生殖细胞,成熟初级卵母细胞有几个靠近核的核仁样小聚体和许多沿 质膜的皮质颗粒。首次发现并描述卵巢和输卵管接合处(卵巢壶腹)的超微结构。输卵管上皮为纤 毛状。梅氏腺仅一种类型膜状小体细胞,经有微管支持的细小管道穿过卵模将膜状小体排入卵模腔 内。在卵黄-输卵管和卵模中有精子,卵模和子宫中有受精卵、虫卵(扫描电镜):大小 26. 05× 11.46-13.55μm,卵盖直径6.26-6. 89μp,卵壳表面布满膜状隆起。文中对卵巢和梅氏腺的超微 结构特点进行了讨论。 相似文献
142.
The seasonal dynamics of epilithic algae in a third order pristine forest stream were analyzed over a period of 2 years. Stream water was slightly acidic and nutrient poor. Encrusting, filamentous flocs, and filaments were found. Algal standing crop was high (mean concentration of Chl a 16–43 mg m–2) in spring. Filamentous algae contributed most to standing crop. Diatoms made up over 85% by number of the epilithon. Blue-greens were abundant upstream, and chlorophytes downstream. This shift was ascribed to greater light availability downstream. The community was more diverse during spring. Water current was the most important variable regulating epilithon structure. Total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (O-PO
inf4
su3–
), silica (Si4+), nitrate (NO
inf3
su–
) and conductance correlated negatively with flow rate. Green algae showed a positive correlation to phosphorus during low and stable flow. During rapid runoff, diatoms were the most resistant forms. Seasonal change in the epilithic community was mainly regulated by fluctuations in flow rate. 相似文献
143.
Summary The composition of the ant community was assessed along standardized 100 m transects in annually flooded Varzea forest and in terra firme forests on sandy soil (Flanco forest) and on claytopped mesas (Planalto forest). Standardized samples were taken by unit-time hand collecting (day and night times), sweeping, beating, baiting and by Winkler sacks. A total of 156 species, representing 49 genera were found, of which 98, 88 and 55 were respectively found in the Planalto, Flanco and Varzea forests. Species lists are presented and the ant community composition and species richness are compared between the three forests. By considering the nesting and foraging habits of the various species, the differences in overall community composition are related to the forest type and susceptibility to inundation of the three forests which were surveyed.The data confirm the view that tropical rain forests support an extremely diverse ant fauna and comparisons with other forested areas suggest that ant species richness declines in subtropical and temperate rain forests. Although alpha diversity is high, species turnover between forests is lower than expected, suggesting that ant species richness in this forested region is not as great as is implied in some published estimates of global arthropod diversity. 相似文献
144.
Diet of the brown howler monkeyAlouatta fusca in a semi-deciduous forest fragment of southeastern Brazil 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Adriano Garcia Chiarello 《Primates; journal of primatology》1994,35(1):25-34
The diet of a group of six brown howlers was studied weekly during 12 months in a reserve of 250 ha of secondary, mesophytic,
semi-deciduous forest. The phenology of 186 trees of 72 species and 29 families was monitored simultaneously. Scan sampling
was used to record the diet from dawn until dusk on a total of 60 days of observation, yielding 718 hr of animal-observer
contact and 2,943 feeding scans. The diet was composed of leaves (73%), flowers (12%), and fruits (5%), from 68 identified
plant species.Celtis iguanae, Cassia ferruginea, andInga spp. were the main food sources, accounting for approximately 50% of the diet. Young leaves (59%) were preferred to mature
leaves (31%), trees contributing 56% and lianas 41% of the leaf diet. The ingestion of young leaves was correlated to the
availability of these items, however, the correlations were not significant for flowers and fruits. The diet was poorer in
fruits and richer in young leaves of lianas in comparison to other howler monkey species studies, probably as a consequence
of the liana abundance in this forest fragment. 相似文献
145.
Zagrodzki Paweł Mietelski Jerzy W. Krośniak Mirosław Petelenz Barbara 《Biological trace element research》1994,(1):273-277
The aim of this work was to check whether the stable cesium content in forest litter affects the value of radiocesium from
litter-to-mushroom transfer factorTf or not. Total cesium in litter, measured by AAS, varied from 0.1–2.7 μg/g. These data, combined with earlier results for
mushrooms, showed no simple correlation forTf. More complex relationships provided very high correlation coefficients, but their validity needs further investigation. 相似文献
146.
Structural organization and differential expression of three stilbene synthase genes located on a 13 kb grapevine DNA fragment 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Wilfried Wiese Barbara Vornam Elvira Krause Helmut Kindl 《Plant molecular biology》1994,26(2):667-677
A 13 kb DNA fragment was isolated from a grapevine (Vitis var. Optima) genomic library by hybridizing with elicitor-induced stilbene synthase cDNA as a probe. After fragmentation with Eco RI, subcloning and sequencing, two full-size stilbene synthase genes (Vst1 and Vst2) and the 3 end of a third stilbene synthase gene (Vst3) were located within the 13 kb fragment. Vst1 and Vst2, differing only slightly in the coding region, are distinguished in the intron size and in the structure of the promoter region. The 5 flanking region of gene Vst1 contains a TATAA box at nucleotide –48. The substantial structural differences found for the promoters of the two genes are paralleled by a striking difference in the expression of the two genes in elicitor-treated cells. Moreover, the accumulation upon elicitation of six different stilbene synthase mRNAs was studied and found to differ by two orders of magnitude. 相似文献
147.
Analysis of nitrogen saturation potential in Rocky Mountain tundra and forest: implications for aquatic systems 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Jill S. Baron Dennis S. Ojima Elisabeth A. Holland William J. Parton 《Biogeochemistry》1994,27(1):61-82
We employed grass and forest versions of the CENTURY model under a range of N deposition values (0.02–1.60 g N m–2 y–1) to explore the possibility that high observed lake and stream N was due to terrestrial N saturation of alpine tundra and subalpine forest in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Model results suggest that N is limiting to subalpine forest productivity, but that excess leachate from alpine tundra is sufficient to account for the current observed stream N. Tundra leachate, combined with N leached from exposed rock surfaces, produce high N loads in aquatic ecosystems above treeline in the Colorado Front Range. A combination of terrestrial leaching, large N inputs from snowmelt, high watershed gradients, rapid hydrologic flushing and lake turnover times, and possibly other nutrient limitations of aquatic organisms constrain high elevation lakes and streams from assimilating even small increases in atmospheric N. CENTURY model simulations further suggest that, while increased N deposition will worsen the situation, nitrogen saturation is an ongoing phenomenon. 相似文献
148.
Michael G. Ryan Robert M. Hubbard Deborah A. Clark Robert L. Sanford Jr. 《Oecologia》1994,100(3):213-220
We measured CO2 efflux from stems of two tropical wet forest trees, both found in the canopy, but with very different growth habits. The species were Simarouba amara, a fast-growing species associated with gaps in old-growth forest and abundant in secondary forest, and Minquartia guianensis, a slow-growing species tolerant of low-light conditions in old-growth forest. Per unit of bole surface, CO2 efflux averaged 1.24 mol m–2 s–1 for Simarouba and 0.83 mol m–2s–1 for Minquartia. CO2 efflux was highly correlated with annual wood production (r
2=0.65), but only weakly correlated with stem diameter (r
2=0.22). We also partitioned the CO2 efflux into the functional components of construction and maintenance respiration. Construction respiration was estimated from annual stem dry matter production and maintenance respiration by subtracting construction respiration from the instantaneous CO2 flux. Estimated maintenance respiration was linearly related to sapwood volume (39.6 mol m–3s–1 at 24.6° C, r
2=0.58), with no difference in the rate for the two species. Maintenance respiration per unit of sapwood volume for these tropical wet forest trees was roughly twice that of temperate conifers. A model combining construction and maintenance respiration estimated CO2 very well for these species (r
2=0.85). For our sample, maintenance respiration was 54% of the total CO2 efflux for Simarouba and 82% for Minquartia. For our sample, sapwood volume averaged 23% of stem volume when weighted by tree size, or 40% with no size weighting. Using these fractions, and a published estimate of aboveground dry-matter production, we estimate the annual cost of woody tissue respiration for primary forest at La Selva to be 220 or 350 g C m–2 year–1, depending on the assumed sapwood volume. These costs are estimated to be less than 13% of the gross production for the forest. 相似文献
149.
150.
Changes in carbon storage in temperate humic loamy soils after forest clearing and continuous corn cropping in France 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Soil samples from forest and agricultural sites in three areas of southwest France were collected to determine the effect
of forest conversion to continuous intensive corn cropping with no organic matter management on soil organic carbon (C) content.
Soils were humic loamy soils and site characteristics that may affect soil C were as uniform as possible (slope, elevation,
texture, soil type, vegetation).
Three areas were selected, with adjacent sites of various ages of cultivation (3 to 35 yr), and paired control forest sites.
The ploughed horizon (0-Dt cm) and the Dt-50 cm layer were collected at each agricultural site. In forest sites, each 10 cm
layer was collected systematically down to 1 meter depth. Carbon concentrations were converted to total content to a given
depth as the product of concentration, depth of sample and bulk density, and expressed in units of kg m-2. For each site and each sampled layer, the mineral mass of soil was calculated, in order to base comparisons on the same
soil mass rather than the same depth.
The pattern of C accumulation in forest soils showed an exponential decrease with depth. Results suggested that soil organic
carbon declined rapidly during the first years of cultivation, and at a slower rate thereafter. This pattern of decrease can
be fitted by a bi-exponential model assuming that initial soil organic carbon can be separated into two parts, a very labile
pool reduced during the first rapid decline and more refractory fractions oxidizing at a slower rate. Sampling to shallow
depths (0-Dt cm) resulted in over-estimation of the rate of carbon release in proportion to the initial amount of C, and in
under-estimation of the total loss of C with age. The results for the 0–50 cm horizon indicated that losses of total carbon
average about 50% in these soils, ranging in initial carbon content from 19 to 32.5 kg m-2. Carbon release to the atmosphere averaged 0.8 kg m-2 yr-1 to 50 cm depth during the first 10 years of cultivation. The results demonstrate that temperate soils may also be an important
source of atmospheric carbon, when they are initially high in carbon content and then cultivated intensively with no organic
matter management. 相似文献