Synthesis of (R)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile catalyzed by (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus japonica seed meal

Synthesis of (R)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile via asymmetric transcyanation of acetyltrimethylsilane with acetone cyanohydrin in an aqueous/organic biphasic system catalyzed by (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus japonica seed meal was successfully carried out for the first time. The optimal volume ratio of aqueous to organic phase, buffer pH value and reaction temperature were 15% (v/v), 5.0 and 30°C, respectively, under which both substrate conversion and product enantiomeric excess (ee) were 99%. Silicon atom in the substrate showed great effect on the reaction. Acetyltrimethylsilane was a much better substrate for (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus japonica than its carbon analogue.     

Characterization of microsatellite loci from the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica

The Japenese eel, Anguilla japonica, is generally assumed to be composed of a single population with wide distribution range, and some genetic studies using allozyme or mitochondrial DNA methods supported this population model. However, one genetic study suggested the existence of multiple populations in this species, and thus, more detailed studies on the population structure is needed. Here we characterized a total of 11 microsatellite markers of the Japanese eel. These will serve as powerful tools for detailed population study for the Japanese eel, though two of them showed the significant departure from the Hardy–Weinberg expectations.     

野鸦椿的植物化学成分研究

从野鸦椿 (EuscaphisjaponecaKantiz)枝叶的甲醇提取物分离得到 6个化合物 ,通过波谱分析鉴定为 5 ,7 dihydroxy 2 methyl benzopyran 4 one(Ⅰ ) ,3,4 ,5 trihydroxy benzoicacidmethylester(Ⅱ ) ,3,7 dihydroxy 5 octanolide(Ⅲ ) ,methyl 5 ,7 dihydroxy 2 (Z) octenoate(Ⅳ ) ,7 hydroxy 2 octen 5 olide(Ⅴ )和vomifoliol(Ⅵ )。     

Combined effects of experimental heavy-metal contamination (Cu, Zn, and CH3Hg) and starvation on quail’s body condition

Combined effects of heavy-metal contamination (Cu, Zn, and CH₃Hg) and starvation were tested on common quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and used as a model for comparison with a wild common guillemot (Uria aalge) population found stranded at the Belgian coast. Appropriate heavy-metal levels were given to the quails to obtain concentrations similar to those found in the seabirds’s tissues. The contaminated animals were then starved for 4 d to simulate the evident malnutrition symptoms observed at the guillemot’s level. In such conditions, food intake and total-body weight are shown to decrease in contaminated individuals with simultaneous significant hepatic and renal increase of the heavy-metal concentrations. Like guillemots, higher heavy-metal levels were observed in those contaminated quails that had also developed a cachectic status characterized by a general atrophy of their pectoral muscle and complete absence of subcutaneous and/or abdominal fat depots. Although likely the result of a general protein catabolism during starvation, it is suggested that these higher metal levels could as well enhance a general muscle wasting process (cachectic status).     

青荚叶〔Helwingia japonica(Thunb.)Dietr.〕种下新组合

青荚叶〔Ｈｅｌｗｉｎｇｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ (Ｔｈｕｎｂ .)Ｄｉｅｔｒ.〕为山茱萸科(Ｃｏｒｎａｃｅａｅ)青荚叶属 (ＨｅｌｗｉｎｇｉａＷｉｌｌｄ .)植物 ,我国民间常将其髓部、叶及果实作为药用。该种主要特征为叶片纸质 ,卵形、卵圆形、长卵形或卵状披针形 ,背面粉白或淡绿色等[1 ] 。作者在对馆藏的青荚叶标本进行整理时 ,发现《中国植物志》中的个别变种描述与该变种原始文献的描述有出入 ,而且该种种内的一些分类依据不明确。为此作者查阅了有关标本及文献 ,对该种的这些问题进行了分析和讨论。青荚叶Ｈｅｌｗｉｎｇｉａｊａｐｏｎ…     

粳稻和籼稻D1蛋白光抑制敏感性的差异与其编码基因序列结构特征的相关性分析(英文)

粳稻 (OryzasativaL .ssp .japonica)和籼稻 (O .sativassp .indica)对光抑制的敏感程度存在差异 ,它们的叶绿体光反应中心Ⅱ核心蛋白D1的稳定性不同。以菌落原位杂交法克隆了粳稻“95 16”和籼稻“籼优 6 3”叶绿体D1蛋白的编码基因psbA。核苷酸序列同源比较显示 :两者在启动子区和 5′_UTR完全相同 ;编码区存在着个别碱基的差异 ,但均位于三联体密码的第三位 ,不影响氨基酸编码特性 ,在蛋白质氨基酸序列上没有差异 ;在 3′_UTR内存在寡聚U长度的差异。因此 ,粳稻和籼稻D1蛋白对光抑制作用敏感性的差异与其蛋白质的氨基酸序列结构无关 ,可能与调控psbA基因表达的上游因子或光保护机制的差异有关。     

Why is Aucuba japonica Smaller in Heavy Snowfall Areas? A Growth Simulation of Evergreen Broad-leaved Shrubs based on Shoot Allometry, Critical Shoot Sizes for Flowering and Photosynthetic Production

Aucuba japonica , an evergreen broad-leaved shrub. The model is based on the allometry of plant organs and incorporates the processes of flowering, branching, and allocation of biomass among different organs. Growth of model plants was simulated under different values of annual gross production per leaf area (LGP) for 15 years. The tree form was mainly determined by the critical shoot size for initiating flowering (SF), but the average increase of new shoot mass (INM) for two successive years had marked effects on the growth pattern of A. japonica in addition to SF. Under small LGP conditions, plants with larger SF did not flower or postponed the initiation of flowering. With increasing LGP, plants with larger SF had a greater advantage because of their high efficiency for vertical growth. A smaller SF was observed in A. japonica var. borealis, which is distributed in heavy snowfall areas, and resulted in precocious flowering with a higher reproductive rate. The small plant size and shoot size of var. borealis may be the result of selection for preventing the delay of the year in which reproduction starts under smaller LGP conditions. On the other hand, the large SF of A. japonica var. japonica, which is distributed in light snowfall areas, suppresses flowering under small LGP conditions, and flowering occurs only after achieving a certain amount of vertical growth. Received 8 July 1999/ Accepted in revised form 21 December 2000     

Isolation of Lectins by Affinity Chromatography with Porcine Plasma Proteins Immobilized on Agarose

To develop a convenient method to isolate lectins, we prepared an affinity gel by coupling plasma proteins with agarose beads under conditions where the pH did not exceed 7.5. The validity of the use of this affinity gel in combination with elution using a hapten saccharide was confirmed by isolation of concanavalin A from Jack bean meal. Successful application of the method was demonstrated by isolation of two novel vegetable lectins from udo (Aralia cordate) and wasabi (Wasabia japonica). The method would be useful to isolate new lectins from various sources including plant and animal tissues.     

A New Acylated Anthocyanin from the Red Flowers of Camellia hongkongensis and Characterization of Anthocyanins in the Section Camellia Species

Twelve anthocyanins (1-12) were isolated from the red flowers of Camellia hongkongensis Seem. by chromatography using open columns. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, that is, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon 13-nuclear magnetic resonance, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, high resolution electrospray ionization mass and ultraviolet visible spectroscopies. Out of these anthocyanins, a novel acylated anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-galactopyranoside (6), two known acylated anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-galactopyranoside (7) and cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-galactopyranoside (8), and three known delphinidin glycosides (10-12) were for the first time isolated from the genus Camellia. Furthermore, pigment components in C. japonica L., C. chekiangoleosa Hu and C. semiserrata Chi were studied.The results indicated that the distribution of anthocyanins was differed among these species. Delphinidin glycoside was only detected in the flowers of C. hongkongensis, which is a special and important species in the section Camellia. Based on the characterization of anthocyanins in the section Camellia species, there is a close relationship among these species,and C. hongkongensis might be an important parent for creating new cultivars with bluish flower color.     

早籼稻碾磨品质品种、地点、品种×地点互作效应的研究

以浙江省1995年早籼稻品种区域试验6个试点参试品种碾磨品质测定结果为试验材料,用多元分析法探讨了糙米率、精米率、整精米率3个碾磨品质的品种(基因型)、地点、品种×地点互作效应和各效应内碾磨品质间的相关关系,进行了参试品种互作效应检验。分析结果表明,糙米率、精米率以品种效应为主,整精米率性状以环境效应最大。相关分析显示,糙米率、精米率呈较强正相关,糙米率、精米率与整精米率均无相关关系。参试品种互作效应检验显示,多数品种整精米率均存在基因型×地点交互作用,糙米率、精米率多数品种较稳定。 Abstract:The genotype,test site,genotype×site effects on brown rice rate,milled rice recovery and head rice recovery as well as the correlation coefficients between the milling qualities within various effects were approached by using multiple analysis method with the data collected from early season indica rice varieties tested in regional trial in Zhejiang Province.Results showed that brown rice rate,milled rice recovery were predominantly affected by genotype.While head rice recovery was mostly conditioned by environment effect.Correlation analysis displayed that there were positive correlation between brown rice rate and milled rice rate.However,no correlation between brown rice rate,milled rice recovery and head rice recovery was found.The analysis of genotype×site of the varieties tested displayed that head rice recovery of the most tested varieties is involved with the interaction effects between the two components,while brown rice rate,milled rice recovery of the most tested varieties were more stable.