葡萄VvIQD10果形相关基因定位及其互作研究

以葡萄6个不同果形品种盛花期花序为材料,通过荧光定量PCR方法分析比较葡萄IQ67结构域(IQ67 domain, IQD)基因家族成员VvIQD10的表达;从椭圆形葡萄品种‘天山’中克隆出VvIQD10基因编码区序列,对其进行生物信息学分析,采用亚细胞定位瞬时表达载体转化烟草的方法研究VvIQD10蛋白在细胞中的分布情况,并通过酵母双杂交实验和双分子荧光互补试验进行蛋白互作研究。结果表明:(1)VvIQD10基因在长果形葡萄品种中的表达量高于近圆形葡萄品种。(2)VvIQD10基因开放阅读框长度为1 401 bp,编码466个氨基酸。(3)VvIQD10蛋白为不稳定亲水性蛋白,无信号肽和跨膜区,但含保守的IQ67结构域,主要结构为α螺旋和随机卷曲,与猕猴桃IQD家族成员(PSS09955.1)亲缘关系最为接近。(4)VvIQD10蛋白主要定位于微管和质膜,并且直接与细胞骨架组织相关蛋白——钙调素类蛋白(VvCML)相互作用。研究认为,VvIQD10基因可能参与葡萄果形调控,葡萄VvCML蛋白从胞质到微管的募集依赖于VvIQD10,推测VvIQD10蛋白可能通过和钙调素类蛋白相结合来调控细胞骨架运动,进而参与葡萄果实形状的变化。     

First fossil evidence of Palaeocarya (Engelhardioideae: Juglandaceae) from India and its biogeographical implications

Even though presently indigenous to eastern Himalaya in India, no Engelhardioideae have been reported from the Cenozoic sediments of India till date. Here, we report the first Indian occurrence of a characteristic engelhardioid winged samaroid fruit having a tri-lobed wing (oblong-ovate median lobe and two lateral lobes) and a globose nut from the latest Neogene (Pliocene: Rajdanda Formation) sediments of Chotanagpur Plateau, eastern India. This is the first fossil evidence of relict family Juglandaceae from the Indian Cenozoic. We determine its taxonomic position on the basis of detailed macromorphological comparison with similar extant and fossil specimens and discuss its palaeoclimatic significance in terms of the present-day distribution of modern analogous species. We assign this Pliocene winged fruit specimen to the morphogenus Palaeocarya sect. Monocosta Manchester and describe it as a new species, namely Palaeocarya indica Hazra, Hazra M & Khan sp. nov. Palaeocarya sect. Monocosta has rich fossil records from the Cenozoic sediments of Europe, North America, and eastern Asia (China, Korea), but the modern analog, Engelhardia, is presently native only to India and neighboring Southeast Asia. We discuss the possible causes of disappearance of Engelhardia from the present-day vegetation of Chotanagpur Plateau. Its disappearance may be related to the gradual intensification of monsoonal rainfall seasonality since the Pliocene. Here, we also review in detail the biogeographic history of Palaeocarya sect. Monocosta and suggest its possible migration routes.     

One phase of the dormancy developmental pathway is critical for the evolution of insect seasonality

Evolutionary change in the timing of dormancy enables animals and plants to adapt to changing seasonal environments and can result in ecological speciation. Despite its clear biological importance, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of dormancy timing in animals remain poorly understood because of a lack of anatomical landmarks to discern which phase of dormancy an individual is experiencing. Taking advantage of the nearly universal characteristic of metabolic suppression during insect dormancy (diapause), we use patterns of respiratory metabolism to document physiological landmarks of dormancy and test which of the distinct phases of the dormancy developmental pathway contribute to a month‐long shift in diapause timing between a pair of incipient moth species. Here, we show that divergence in life cycle between the earlier‐emerging E‐strain and the later‐emerging Z‐strain of European corn borer (ECB) is clearly explained by a delay in the timing of the developmental transition from the diapause maintenance phase to the termination phase. Along with recent findings indicating that life‐cycle differences between ECB strains stem from allelic variation at a single sex‐linked locus, our results demonstrate how dramatic shifts in animal seasonality can result from simple developmental and genetic changes. Although characterizing the multiple phases of the diapause developmental programme in other locally adapted populations and species will undoubtedly yield surprises about the nature of animal dormancy, results in the ECB moth suggest that focusing on genetic variation in the timing of the dormancy termination phase may help explain how (or whether) organisms rapidly respond to global climate change, expand their ranges after accidental or managed introductions, undergo seasonal adaptation, or evolve into distinct species through allochronic isolation.     

Maintenance of dominance is mediated by urinary chemical signals in male European lobsters,Homarus gammarus

We studied the relevance of urine cues in Homarus gammarus dominance maintenance, hypothesising that urinary signals are necessary to mediate recognition of former opponents. Males in size-matched pairs interacted on two consecutive days with or without blocking urine release by adding catheters to both contestants on the second day. European lobsters established dominance in a first fight, and fight duration and aggression levels decreased strongly from first to second day in animals with free urine release, indicating the maintenance of this dominance relationship. If urine was blocked on the second day, fight durations were long in both first and second day interactions. Results demonstrate that urine signals contribute to the maintenance of dominance in H. gammarus males.     

Detection of Prothrombin and Osteopontin in a Renal Stone Found in a Hyperuricemic Patient Using 2D‐PAGE and LC‐MS Analysis

The liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) following on from the two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) technique was applied for the analysis of proteins in a renal stone found in a hyperuricemic patient. This technique was sensitive enough to detect small quantities of proteins even in a renal stone.     

When genes go wild: highly variable internal transcibed spacer1 and conserved mitochondrial DNA haplotypes used to examine the genetic diversity and dispersal pathways of invasive Hylotrupes bajulus in Western Australia

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