紫茎泽兰的化学互感潜力（英文）

广布于阑沧江流域的紫茎泽兰是一入浸性极强的外来杂草。研究表明它对其它植物有化学互感作用,其地上部分的石油醚、乙醇和水提取物对豌豆的种子萌发和幼苗生长均有抑制作用。在２％相对浓度下,紫茎泽兰的石油醚、乙醇和水提取物豆的萌发分别产生１００％、４０％和５０％的抑制。它的化学互感物质主要集中于石油醚提取物及醚提取物吸附于活性炭后的甲解剖 物中。从石油醚提取物分离出的第二,第三和第四组分继主要的活性成分,在     

Inhibited Apoptosis of C2C12 Myoblasts by a Eupatorium chinense var. simplicifolium Root Extract

We investigated the effects of a Eupatorium chinense var. simplicifolium (EUC) root extract on muscle disorders and explored the underlying mechanism for oxidative stress-induced C₂C₁₂ myoblast damage. An EUC pre-treatment reduced the decreased cell viability after an H₂O₂ treatment. The heat shock protein (HSP) 70 level increased, and the phosphorylation of Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) decreased in the EUC-pre-treated C₂C₁₂ myoblasts. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential benefit of a herbal medicine in treating oxidative stress-related muscle disorders.     

Mycelium of Alternaria alternata as a potential biological control agent for Eupatorium adenophorum

The fungus, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler Strain 501, has been evaluated as a bioherbicide for control of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng., but the biology of the pathogen–host interaction and the optimal environmental conditions for disease development and effective weed control are unknown. Disease development of A. alternata Strain 501 mycelia on E. adenophorum was assessed under several factors including pathogen inoculum concentration, plant age, dew period duration, post-dew temperature, storage temperature and duration. The minimum inoculum concentration required to kill E. adenophorum seedlings was 3.2×10⁶ mycelial fragment mL^?1. E. adenophorum seedlings at the four-leaf-pair stage were more susceptible than the older plants, especially those at the older than seven-leaf-pair stage. With a dew period of at least 14 h, 100% mortality occurred. The optimal post-dew temperature for disease development was 18–25°C. Storage at <4°C maintained the infectivity of A. alternata strain 501 mycelia on E. adenophorum longer. Using light and scanning electron microscopy to examine the infection process of A. alternata Strain 501 mycelia, it was shown that the time from initiation to completion of infection with mycelia was much shorter (14 h) than with conidia (72 h). It was further shown that mycelial infection occurred predominately through direct penetration at intercellular junctions, while conidial infection occurred predominately through stomatal penetration. This suggests that mycelia are more suitable as infection propagules for A. alternata strain 501 in a bioherbicide for the control of E. adenophorum.     

广东土牛膝的化学成分(英文)

广东土牛膝为菊科泽兰属植物华泽兰(Eupatorium chinense)的干燥根。从其甲醇提取物中共分离得到11个化合物,其中eupatorinA(1)为一新化合物,经波谱学方法鉴定为(threo)-3-O-acetyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-(E)-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propyl-β-D-glucopy-ranoside。已知化合物分别鉴定为(threo)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy-1-(E)-propenyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenox-y]-propyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),ardisiacrispinA(3),ardisiac-rispinB(4),euparone(5),3-(2,3-dihydroxy-isopen-tyl)-4-hydroxyacetophenone(6),12,13-di-hydroxy-euparin(7),gymnastone(8),N-(2′-hydroxy-tetracosanosyl)-2-amino-1,3,4-trihydroxy-octa-dec-8-(E)-ene(9),stigmasterol(10)和stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11)。化合物2-4为首次从菊科植物,5-8为首次从泽兰属植物中分离得到。     

植物源病毒抑制剂的研究进展

天然植物提取的活性物质对植物病毒有明显的抑制作用,已经成为当今植物病毒防治的重点。对植物源病毒抑制的活性物质及作用机理的研究现状进行了综述,并将外来入侵生物用以提取病毒抑制剂的相关生物技术提出了展望。     

基于流速梯度的河流生境多样性分析——以长江湖北宜昌中华鲟自然保护区核心区江段为例

选取量化断面沿水平方向和沿测流垂线方向流速变化的8个流速梯度指标,并根据这8个指标和2005年12月2-10日采用声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)在长江葛洲坝至红花套江段走航观测所获得的285个断面的原型数据,对长江葛洲坝至红花套江段生境多样性进行了分析.结果表明:葛洲坝至红花套江段水深以4.71～12.04 m居多;据断面平均流速和8个流速梯度指标采用k均值分类法分析,整个江段以第7类、第8类和第2类区域占主要优势,这3类区域面积共占整个江段面积的88.66%,葛洲坝至庙咀江段为整个研究江段各类区域相间分布最多样化的江段;采用尺型聚类方法分析,断面平均流速与断面8个流速梯度指标之间没有显著的相关性,即具有相同流速的区域不一定具有相似的流速梯度特征,有必要用这些流速梯度指标描绘水流的特性.ADCP在河流水流生境多样性评估、河流生态修复等方面具有较大的潜能,但在数据采集规范、后期数据处理等方面还需作进二步探讨.     

紫茎泽兰与黑麦草苗期相对竞争力和生长特征的研究

为探究替代物种黑麦草（Lolium perenne）抑制外来人侵杂草紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum）的潜力,采用de Wit取代系列设计,在野外小区内设置3水平多年生黑麦草栽植时间、4水平种植密度以及3水平混种比例等不同种植处理,于12周后收获,分别测量黑麦草与紫茎泽兰的地上生物量和地下生物量,用单株相对产量分析其竞争力。结果表明,种植密度、混种比例和黑麦草栽植时间显著影响紫茎泽兰的地上生物量,紫茎泽兰的竞争力在低种植比例情况下,随黑麦草栽植时间的推迟而明显增强,随种植密度的降低而增强。种植密度、混种比例、黑麦草栽植时间以及这些因素的互作等对黑麦草的地上生物量与地下生物量均具有显著影响;栽植时间越晚、密度越大,黑麦草的竞争力就越弱（尽管不存在直线关系）。在大多数种植处理条件下,紫茎泽兰经历的种间竞争明显大于种内竞争,表现出较弱的竞争力;而黑麦草在与紫茎泽兰同时栽植的情况下,经历的种内竞争大于种间竞争,表现出较强的竞争力。     

两种真菌对紫茎泽兰的致病性研究

本文以紫茎泽兰离体叶片为材料,研究了从空气中分离得到的青霉属和曲霉属的两种真菌对紫茎泽兰的致病性和叶片细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明,两种真菌及其毒素均能在紫茎泽兰叶片上产生直径2～5mm的局部坏死斑。叶片用毒素处理后,细胞膜透性增大,相对电导率分别可达86．25％、94．56％;K^ 和Na^ 渗漏量增大,且随着时间的延长和毒素浓度的增加而增高。     

An unusual dimeric guaianolide with antiprotozoal activity and further sesquiterpene lactones from Eupatoriumperfoliatum

The CH₂Cl₂ extract of aerial parts of Eupatorium perfoliatum L. exhibits antiprotozoal activity under in vitro conditions, especially against Plasmodium falciparum (IC₅₀ = 2.7 μg/ml). The search for active compounds yielded seven sesquiterpene lactones: Four structurally similar guaianolides, one dimeric guaianolide, and two germacranolides. The guaianolides differ in the degree of oxidation at C-14, ranging from a hydroxyl group up to a free carboxylic acid. The dimeric guaianolide, structurally closely related to the monomers, displays an unusual type of interguaianolide linkage between C-14 and C-4. Except for the germacranolide euperfolitin, all STLs described here were hitherto unknown. Furthermore, the flavonoid aglycones eupafolin, hispidulin, patuletin, and kaempferol were identified in the extract, which, except for kaempferol, have not been described as constituents of E. perfoliatum before. The dimeric guaianolide was shown to be the most active constituent against Plasmodium falciparum (IC₅₀ = 2.0 μM) and was less cytotoxic against rat skeletal myoblasts (IC₅₀ = 16.2 μM, selectivity index of about 8).     

不同生境下假臭草生长特征分析

通过测定庄稼地、弃耕地、桉树林、公路边4种生境下假臭草叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、LDMC和株高等形态特征、植株各构件生物量及生物量分配比和假臭草种群盖度、密度等种群数量性状,研究不同生境类型下假臭草个体的形态特征、生物量及生物量分配和种群生长状况的差异。结果表明:光照和土壤养分对假臭草的形态特征、生物量及生物量分配和种群数量性状的影响显著;低光照、高土壤养分生境下假臭草的LA、SLA、株高较高,假臭草叶片的LDMC较小,植株的花序数较少,生物量主要向叶和茎器官进行分配,根和花果器官的生物量分配则受到限制;高光照、养分贫瘠生境下假臭草的LA、SLA、株高较低,假臭草叶片的LDMC较大,生物量主要向根和花果器官进行分配,种群的盖度、密度、生物量和高度等种群数量性状较低,种群生长状况较差;高光照、肥沃养分生境为假臭草的最适生境,假臭草构件的资源配置较为优化,株高、基径粗、冠宽和花序数等形态指标较大,种群盖度、密度、生物量等种群数量性状较大,种群生长较好。