羊草种群种子生产的初步研究

 本文报道了国产优良牧草——羊草,在不同人为干扰的环境条件下,种群种子生产数量性状变化的若干规律。种群密度是成穗率的限制因素之一,在平均为604.7株／m2中等密度的数年割草场上,成穗率随密度增加呈幂函数y=dx-b形式下降,而在平均为1604.9株／m2高密度的长期连续割草场上,成穗率随密度增加呈直线y=a-bx形式下降。种子发芽率与千粒重呈显著正相关(r＝0.9768**)。放牧对成穗有不良影响,但对籽粒的干物质积累过程有一定的促进作用。长期连续割草对种群生殖生长的整个过程均不利,停刈后,自然恢复的速度缓慢。     

Simplicillium chinense: a biological control agent against plant parasitic nematodes

Simplicillium chinense (Snef5) was isolated from Antheraea pernyi pupae and identified by morphological and molecular methods. Culture filtrates of Snef5 showed a high level of nematicidal activity. It is the first time to report that S. chinense can be used as a biological control agent against plant parasitic nematodes.     

入侵植物紫茎泽兰叶内生真菌多样性研究

外来入侵植物通常要和当地的生物发生相互关系并对当地生态系统产生影响。为表明叶内生真菌是否有利于紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium adenophorum）的入侵力,首次调查了其叶内生真菌多样性。利用过夜冰冻组织法和常规的麦芽汁琼脂平板培养法,分别于3、6月份从昆明西山、金殿种群分离得到312个菌株,根据其ITS基因差异,分为77个可操作分类单元（OTUs）,系统发育地位分布在Agaricomycetes、Dothideomycetes、Sordariomycetes和 Pezizomycetes 4个纲。在低阶分类上这些真菌可分为19个属,优势属为链格孢属（Alternaria）（25.09%）和炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum）（10.80%）。有2.09%的菌株属于未知真菌。相比较,6月份的紫茎泽兰种群比3月份具有较高的内生真菌多样性。结果表明,入侵植物紫茎泽兰叶内生真菌非常丰富,这些真菌是否对紫茎泽兰的入侵力具有影响值得今后深入研究。     

中国马褂木不同种源苗期生长规律研究

对中国马褂木6个种源(云南金平、浙江安吉、福建武夷山、贵州黎平、广西全州、江西庐山)一年生实生苗的苗高生长规律进行研究。结果表明:(1)各种源在苗高生长上存在着极显著的差异。(2)利用logistic曲线拟合其苗高生长方程,发现各种源苗高生长均呈现明显的"慢—快—慢"的"S"型生长节律。(3)利用有序样本聚类分析将苗木生长划分为幼苗期、生长前期、速生期、生长后期4个阶段,福建武夷山种源最早进入速生期,且持续时间最长,江西庐山种源最晚进入速生期,且持续时间最短。速生期苗高净生长量占总生长量最大的是浙江安吉种源,达56.05%;第二是福建武夷山;最小的是江西庐山种源,只有34.29%。(4)依据苗高和地径两个性状的聚类分析把6个种源分成三大类,第一类是全州种源,苗高生长表现最好;第二类是金平、安吉、武夷山、黎平种源;第三类是庐山种源。     

湖南三道坑自然保护区珍稀濒危植物鹅掌楸群落的研究

采用5个物种多样性指数对湖南三道坑自然保护区珍稀濒危植物鹅掌楸(Liriodendronchinense(Hemsl.)Sarg.)群落进行物种多样性测定,并分析了群落的种类组成、外貌、演替等。结果表明(:1)群落垂直结构明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层、地被层。共有维管束植物76种,隶属48科57属。群落生活型谱以高位芽植物占优势(68.42%),与其它亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林相似。(2)群落的物种多样性高,灌木层的各项物种多样性指数均高于乔木层和草本层。整个群落的丰富度高达76;Simpson指数D为0.9516,接近Dmax;Shannon-Wiener指数H为3.3247;基于Simpson指数的均匀度指数JS为0.5843,而基于Shannon-Wiener指数的均匀度指数JSW为0.8826。(3)从鹅掌楸种群的生势衰退和数量削减以及幼龄个体的贫乏来看,目前这个群落已处于发育过程的衰老阶段。     

北柴胡细胞色素P450酶基因的克隆及其植物过量表达载体的构建

目的:克隆北柴胡中可能参与柴胡皂苷生物合成的细胞色素P450酶基因,构建其过量表达载体,为通过转基因验证其功能奠定基础。方法:在454高通量测序获得5'和3'端部分cDNA序列的基础上,利用LD-PCR方法获得全长cDNA,根据全长cDNA序列设计含有酶切位点的PCR引物,利用高保真酶,以RNA反转录产物为模板PCR扩增细胞色素P450酶基因的开放读框,扩增产物与pEASY-T1 Simple载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α;重组质粒pT1-P450经菌液PCR和酶切方法验证后测序,采用NCBI在线Blastx、DNAman和MEGA4软件对序列进行生物信息学分析,随后将pT1-P450的酶切产物插入双元载体pCAMBIA-SUPER 1300,菌液PCR和酶切验证重组质粒p1300-P450。结果:扩增到了北柴胡细胞色素P450酶基因BcCYP87E,构建了这一基因的过量表达载体。结论:细胞色素P450酶基因的克隆和转基因载体的构建,为后续开展转基因研究,验证其生物功能奠定了基础。     

Characterization of the multiple absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of Chai-Huang decoction by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive, and specific method by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode‐array detection (DAD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) techniques was developed for the identification of absorbed constituents and their metabolites in rats after the oral administration of a Chai‐Huang decoction (CHD), which consists of Bupleurum chinense and Scutellaria baicalensis in the proportion 1 : 1 (w/w). By comparing their retention times and MS data with those of authentic compounds and published data, a total of 14 compounds were identified in the CHD samples. In addition, eleven and seven compounds were characterized in the urine and serum samples of the rats, respectively. The results indicated that the main absorbed constituents were chrysin‐6‐C‐arabinosyl‐8‐C‐glucoside, chrysin‐6‐C‐glucosyl‐8‐C‐arabinoside, baicalin, wogonin‐5‐O‐glucoside, oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide, wogonoside, saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, baicalein, and wogonin. These compounds might be responsible for the curative effects of the CHD. The findings demonstrated that the proposed method could be used to rapidly and simultaneously analyze and screen the multiple absorbed bioactive constituents in a formula of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). This is very important not only for the pharmaceutical discovery process and the quality control of crude drugs but also to explain the mechanisms of action of TCM.     

中国鹅掌楸小孢子发生的细胞化学研究

多糖、脂类和蛋白质的消长变化与花粉发育过程中营养供应存在着密切的关系。雄蕊特别是花药壁内的多糖在减数分裂过程中逐渐消耗殆尽。初期的小孢子母细胞内脂滴的含量丰富,无淀粉粒,也无颗粒状的蛋白质。进行减数分裂的小孢子母细胞内、中层及绒毡层细胞积累了大量的蛋白质与脂类;减数分裂完成后,绒毡层和四分体小孢子开始逐渐积累淀粉与脂类,但蛋白质的含量较少,至小孢子时期,小孢子壁及绒毡层细胞的径切向壁和内切向壁沉积了大量的脂类物质,而且小孢子核周围分布大量淀粉粒,未观察到蛋白质颗粒。     

中国鹅掌楸天然群体与人工群体的生育力

中国鹅掌楸（Ｌｉｒｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）ｓａｒｇ．）５个地点的群体与个体的生育力３年（１９９１～１９９３）研究结果表明：饱满翅果率为０．４５～１２．７７％,饱满种子率为０．４５～１４．７６％。不同群体间生育率有显著差异,同一群体不同年份间可塑性极大,在一个群体中个体间、聚合果间以及聚合果内不同部位间饱满翅果数的方差份量分别是４９．４６％、３２．９６％和１７．５８％;种于数的方差份量分别为４４．５２％、３４．４０％和２１．０８％。饱满翅果数与总翅果数之间不存在负相关,说明生育力不受资源限制,生育力低的原因可能是花粉限制,通过交配系统的进化与选择以及环境压力而起作用,结果限制了其生殖成功。     

Contrast Study About Litter Dynamics of Main Communities in Aneurolepidium chinense Grassland Region in Northeast of China

The standing death rate of main communities in Aneurolepidium chinense (Trin.) Kitag. grassland increased slowly in 5–8 months. After August, the standing death rate greatly quickened because the changes of ecological environment limited the growth of plants. The maximum standing death rate of A. chinense and Calamagrostis epigejos(L.) Roth-weed communities was in October and that of Puccinella tenuiflora (Griseb). Scrihn. et Merr. and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge communities was in September. The seasonal changes of litter weight followed the index law. The communities in the order of litter weight were: C. epigejos-weed community. A. chinense community>P. tenuiflora community>S. glauca community. There was a positive relationship between aboveground standing crop and litter before August, and a negative relationship after August.