中国桑寄生科植物资料(三)

作者在编著《ＦｌｏｒａｏｆＣｈｉｎａ》Ｌｏｒａｎｔｈａｃｅａｅ过程中,据近年采集的标本和花粉形态研究,修订了《中国植物志》第２４卷的桑寄生科。现报道钝果寄生属（Ｔａｘｉｌｕｓ）二个新分类单位：油杉钝果寄生Ｔ．ｒｅｎｉ,狭叶钝果寄生Ｔ．ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｉｃｏｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ的描述和枫香钝果寄生Ｔ．ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｉｃｏｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｉｃｏｌｕｓ及显脉钝果寄生Ｔ．ｃａｌｏｒｅａｓｖａｒ．ｆａｒｇｅｓｉ的地理分布区等;另有梨果寄生属（Ｓｃｕｒｒｕｌａ）一个新组合：藏南梨果寄生Ｓ．ｂｕｄｄｌｅｉｏｉｄｅｓｖａｒ．ｈｅｙｎｅｉ。     

寄生双孢蘑菇的蛛网丝枝霉中国变种

1980—1981年自北京、福州、三明、泉州、漳州、厦门和昆明等地双孢蘑菇[Agaricusbisporus(Lange)Sing]病菇上和不出蘑菇的培养料内,分离到一种真菌。在 PDA 培养基上的培养性状,肉眼观察与蘑菇轮枝菌(Verticillium psalliotae Tresch.)极难区别。根据其分生孢子和瓶梗的形态及其在匐匍气丝上的排列情况等,鉴定为珠网丝枝霉。因具短棒状原瓶梗,认为是一新变种,定名为珠网丝枝霉中国变种 Aphanocladium aranearum(Petch)W.Gams var.sinense J.D.Chen var.nov.它是双孢蘑菇的重要害菌之一。这个“属”和“种”都是我国的新记录。在猴头(Hericium erinaceus)、香菇(Lentinus edo-des),糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)上和水稻土中也有少量分布。     

Transfer RNA genes of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA

Summary Transfer RNA genes have been mapped to at least nine different loci on the physical map of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome. One of these loci in the ribosomal RNA operons is present three times per genome. The DNA sequences of six of the nine different loci, containing 21 different tRNA genes, have been determined. Genes corresponding to the amino acids Ala, Arg, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly (2), Glu, His, Ile, Leu (2), Met (2), Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, Val, and one unassigned species have been identified. All genes except one are found in clusters of 2–6 genes. None of the known genes contains introns, nor codes for the 3-CCA terminus. In addition to these genes, two pseudo tRNA genes are present in the rDNA leader region.     

Biological activities of lipopolysaccharides from Pectinatus cerevisiophilus

Abstract A procedure is described in which the protein crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were solubilized in 50 mM NaOH with 10 mM EDTA at pH 11.7. This solubilization procedure gave protein gel profiles identical with those for intact crystals while maintaining full biological activity in the form of erythrocyte lysis capability. Crystals with and without protease activity were equally toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae.     

Recherches Cytotaxonomiques et Cytogéographiques surMinuartia sect.Sabulina en Turquie (Caryophyllaceae)

25 populations from Turkey and one of Syria belonging to theSabulina section of the genusMinuartia have been karyologically examined. New chromosome numbers have been recorded forM. mesogitana andM. hybrida subsp.turcica, and a new variety was found in theM. hybrida complex. The origin of the taxa with n = 23 and n = 35 is discussed.

     

The effect of cycloheximide on Euglena gracilis phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases

The effect of cycloheximide on the chloroplastic, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial phenylalanyltransferRNA synthetases of Euglena gracilis was studied by growing both logarithmic and stationary phase cultures in the presence of the antibiotic. Enzyme activity was measured relative to untreated control cultures. At very low concentrations of cycloheximide (1 g/ml), all three log phase enzymes showed an increase in activity of 40–50%. At slightly higher concentrations (2.5 g/ml), the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase activities were comparable to those of the control cultures. At a cycloheximide concentration of 5g/ml the enzyme activities from stationary phase cultures showed only very slight decreases (5–20%). The cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes behaved similarly in log phase cultures at this concentration. However, the chloroplastic phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from log phase cultures treated with 5g/ml cycloheximide showed a marked decrease in activity (70%). A further increase in antibiotic concentration to 10g/ml resulted in significant losses of activity of all three enzymes, from both growth stages. The implications of the data with regard to identification of the site(s) of chloroplast enzyme synthesis are discussed.     

Japanese Hollies: Intolerant Hosts of Meloidogyne arenaria in Microplots

Japanese hollies were itttolerant of Meloidogyne arenaria in field microplot experiments. Ilex crenata var. rotundifolia was relatively more tolerant than I. crenata var. convexa or I. crenata var. helleri. When M. arenaria was added at various itfitial population densities to soil containing plants of "Helleri," "Convexa," and "Rotundifolia," respectively, 91, 75, and 25% were killed by the end of the third growing season. No control plants died during the same period. Initial numbers of M. arenaria larvae and eggs were the only population densities that were correlated (negatively), regardless of cultivar, with plant growth over the three growing seasons. A linear relation was found for initial density of M. arenaria and growth of I. crenata rotundifolia. Increasing nematode density by 10-fold suppressed the growth of this cultivar by 23%.     

Spore and crystal formation inBacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis during growth in cystine and cysteine

The effect of the addition of different concentratons of cystine and cysteine on sporulation and parasporal crystal formation inBacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis was studied. The effect was well pronounced when the cystine/cysteine additions were made after the stationary phase. Heat stable spores and crystals were formed when the culture was provided with a low concentration of cystine/cysteine (0.05 per cent w/v). At a moderate concentration of cystine or cysteine (0.15%), only heat labile spores were formed without the production of the crystal. When the cystine/cysteine concentration was high (0.25%), spore and crystal formation were completely inhibited. Partial reversal of inhibition of sporulation was brought about by sodium sulphate or Zinc sulphate and lead, copper, cadmium or cobalt acetate at 0.2 mM or at 0.2% of sodium or potassium pyruvate, citrate, cisaconitate, oxalosuccinate, ∞ -keto-glutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, or oxalacetate. Glutamate (0.2%) overcame the inhibitory effect of cystine/cysteine completely. The structural changes observed using phase contrast microscopy were dependent upon the concentration of cystine/cysteine.     

Some Biochemical Properties of Mitochondria Isolated from Euglena gracilis*

SYNOPSIS. Mitochondria were isolated from Euglena gracilis strain Z by pressure-breakage of the cells and sucrose-cushion centrifugation. Multiple peaks (2-4) were observed in the rate of phosphorylation with Mg-ADP-phosphate concentration curves. The phosphorylative and oxidative activities were highest with NADH as the substrate, moderate with succinate, and lowest with glutamate. Inhibition of phosphorylation with 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide, m-chlorophenylhydrazone gave sigmoidal concentration curves, with the extent of inhibition by DNP depending on the substrate used. Inhibition of phosphorylation by valinomycin, atractyloside, or carboxyatractyloside was only ～ 60%. Oligomycin inhibited phosphorylation in 2 phases at low and high concentrations; it inhibited Mg-ATPase in a sigmoidal fashion. Both phosphorylation and oxidation had discontinuities in Arrhenius plots at 34 C and 18 C. The relative Mg²⁺-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase activity was: 1 for ATP and GTP, 0.6 for ITP, 0.15 for CTP and and UTP; with Ca²⁺ in place of Mg²⁺ this activity was 0.35. Both DNP and CCCP stimulated the Mg-ATPase 50-200%. The optimal pH for the stimulation was ～ 7 regardless of the uncoupler used, and ～ 8 without the uncouplers. The few differences observed between mitochondria from Euglena and those from other sources are probably due to the fragmentation of the reticular mitochondrial structure during isolation and not to unique characteristics of these mitochondria.