饲粮中添加杜仲叶对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化力和免疫功能的影响

在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加不同形式的杜仲叶,研究其对仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、抗氧化力及免疫功能的影响,以评估它们在养殖初期替代抗生素的能力。将断奶仔猪(杜×长×大)随机分成对照组、抗生素组(75 mg/kg金霉素)和三个杜仲叶组(杜仲叶提取物、发酵杜仲叶、杜仲叶干粉),每组10头,进行28天养殖试验。结果表明:与对照相比,杜仲叶提取物组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)显著提高并降低料重比(F/G)(P<0.05);与抗生素组相比,杜仲叶提取物组和杜仲叶发酵组ADG和F/G均无显著差异(P>0.05);各组之间平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和杜仲叶提取物组仔猪腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和三种杜仲叶组均降低仔猪血液丙二醛含量和提高总抗氧化力(P<0.01),而抗生素组、杜仲叶提取物组和杜仲叶发酵组还显著提高血液免疫球蛋白IgM含量(P<0.01),且表现出提高血液IgG含量的趋势(P=0.06)。与其他各组相比,杜仲叶提取物组可显著提高肝脏指数(P<0.05);肝脏重量、脾脏重量和脾脏指数在各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲粮中添加杜仲叶提取物可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,提高仔猪抗氧化力和免疫功能,其效果优于发酵杜仲叶和杜仲叶干粉,并具备一定的抗生素替代潜力。     

不同产地杜仲树皮可培养内生真菌群落组成和多样性

以湖南、四川、贵州、河南、安徽、江西和陕西7个产地的杜仲Eucommia ulmoides为研究对象,采用可培养法对树皮内生真菌进行分离培养,结合形态学和分子生物学进行鉴定,并分析不同产地杜仲内生真菌群落组成和多样性差异。结果表明,不同产地杜仲树皮中共分离到真菌545株,隶属于7纲、15目、27科、43属,其中间座壳属Diaporthe为7个产地的共有属,各地优势属不同。在属水平上,四川样本中真菌群落多样性最高,河南样本真菌群落多样性最低。Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数表明,在河南样本中的内生真菌分布最均匀,丰富度最低;贵州样本内生真菌丰富度最高,但最不均匀。相似性分析显示不同产地杜仲树皮内生真菌组成和多样性不同。这些结果揭示了杜仲树皮中内生真菌菌群具有丰富的多样性,7个不同产地的杜仲树皮内生真菌群落组成、相对多度及优势类群皆存在差异。     

温水浸种对杜仲种子萌发过程中保护酶活性及内源激素含量变化的影响

探讨杜仲（Eucommia ulmoides Oliver）种子萌发过程中保护酶活性及内源激素含量的变化，为其种子破眠及萌发不同时期采取有效处理措施，从而提高出苗率提供参考。利用室温（CK）、40℃、50℃、60℃和70℃不同水温，探讨温水浸种对杜仲种子萌发的影响。种子萌发进程中，利用常规生理生化方法测定种子内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量，以及酶联免疫法测定赤霉素（GA₃）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、脱落酸（ABA）和玉米素核苷（ZR）含量。结果表明：①温水浸种处理能提高了杜仲种子的发芽率及发芽势，其中以50℃温水处理最为显著。②与室温浸种处理相比，50℃温水浸种处理提高了种子内SOD及POD活性，减轻了质膜氧化损伤程度，致使MDA含量的持续下降，从而促使种子朝向有利于萌发的方向发展。此外，50℃温水浸种处理在提高种子内促进生长内源GA₃、IAA及ZR含量的同时，并降低了抑制生长的内源ABA含量，致使GA₃/ABA、IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA值均明显高于室内浸种处理，最终促进了杜仲种子的萌发。     

Chemical Constituents from Staminate Flowers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and Their Anti-Inflammation Activity in Vitro

Three new monoterpenoids, named eucomylides A−C ( 1 – 3 ), along with six known compounds ( 4 – 9 ) were isolated from the staminate flowers of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. The structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of spectroscopic methods, and their absolute configurations were established by time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT ECD) calculation. All the compounds along with previously isolated components ( 10 – 14 ) were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects. Two iridoid glycosides ( 11 and 12 ) and a flavonoid glycoside ( 14 ) showed potent suppressive effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 17.11 to 22.26 μM.     

立地条件和人为干扰对杜仲梦尼夜蛾种群数量的影响

在河南省灵宝市两处种植模式和管理措施截然不同的杜仲种植基地,以杜仲梦尼夜蛾为研究对象,采用回归分析和T检验方法,研究立地条件、林分特征和人为干扰因素对杜仲梦尼夜蛾种群数量的影响。结果表明:在不同栽培和管理措施条件下,影响杜仲梦尼夜蛾种群密度的主要因素是坡向和海拔高度,虫口密度均随着坡向值的增加和海拔的增高而降低。人为干扰较少的庄科基地的林分郁闭度成为继坡向及海拔后影响虫口密度最重要的因素,这一点是两种管理模式下的最大的区别。闫驮基地7月份的叶面积损失率与5月的差异不显著(F=1.005,P=0.317),但极显著低于同期庄科基地的叶面积损失率(F=33.268,P0.001),表明闫驮基地采取的以抚育管理为主的生态调控措施在控制杜仲梦尼夜蛾种群密度方面取得了良好的效果。本研究结论可用于指导划分关键防控区域和以抚育管理为主的杜仲梦尼夜蛾生态调控技术的实施。     

Heat Shock Factor 1 Inducers from the Bark of Eucommia ulmoides as Cytoprotective Agents

The barks of Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiae Cortex, Eucommiaceae) have been used as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China to treat hypertension, reinforce the muscles and bones, and recover the damaged liver and kidney functions. Among these traditional uses, to establish the recovery effects on the damaged organs on the basis of phytochemistry, the barks of E. ulmoides have been investigated to afford three known phenolic compounds, coniferaldehyde glucoside ( 1 ), bartsioside ( 2 ), and feretoside ( 3 ), which were found in the family Eucommiaceae for the first time. The compounds 1 – 3 were evaluated for their inducible activities on the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and heat shock proteins (HSPs) 27 and 70, along with four compounds, geniposide ( 4 ), geniposidic acid ( 5 ), pinoresinol diglucoside ( 6 ), and liriodendrin ( 7 ), which were previously reported from E. ulmoides. Compounds 1 – 7 increased expression of HSF1 by a factor of 1.214, 1.144, 1.153, 1.114, 1.159, 1.041, and 1.167 at 3 μM , respectively. Coniferaldehyde glucoside ( 1 ) showed the most effective increase of HSF1 and induced successive expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 in a dose‐dependent manner without cellular cytotoxicity, suggesting a possible application as a HSP inducer to act as cytoprotective agent.