贵州四个民族人群线粒体DNA编码区的多态性

目的研究贵州土家族、侗族、仡佬族和彝族人群线粒体DNA（mtDNA）编码区的核苷酸多态性。方法采用PCR-RFLP技术和DNA测序法对贵州4个群体145例样本mtDNA编码区的8个SNP基因座及COⅡ/tRNAlys基因间9 bp缺失进行多态性分析。结果贵州4个民族群体的9 bp缺失频率依次为土家族18.4%,侗族29.7%,仡佬族25%,彝族16.7%,平均缺失频率为22.8%;在8个SNP基因座中,A10398G、C10400T突变在4个群体中较普遍;A663G、C5178A和G12406A突变在部分民族群体中也有较高的频率;共检测出14种单倍型,其中仡佬族11种,土家族10种,侗族8种,彝族6种。结论贵州4个民族群体mtDNA编码区可能存在不同的突变热点,在等位基因和单倍型分布频率上存在一定差异。     

贵州四个民族人群线粒体DNA RegionⅤ的遗传多态性

目的研究世居贵州的侗族、仡佬族、土家族和彝族人群线粒体DNA RegionⅤ的遗传多态性。方法采用PCR-PAGE和克隆测序法对4个群体108份样本的mtDNA RegionⅤ进行序列分析。结果只检测到标准型和短型(即9-bp缺失)两种多态。贵州四个民族人群的平均9-bp缺失频率为22.2%,在侗族、仡佬族、土家族和彝族人群中依次为32.1%、22.6%、17.2%和15.0%。结论贵州四个民族mtDNA 9-bp缺失频率均较高,这与其地域分布相一致;贵州彝族和土家族显示了相似的缺失频率,提示两者可能有共同的祖先。     

中国人群的体部指数

本文通过对63452例18～97岁的中国人体部12项指数值的统计分析,得出目前该年龄段中国人的体部形态特征。研究发现,中国人总体体型为长躯干型、中肩型、中骨盆型、中腿型。男性为中胸型,女性为宽胸型。随着年龄增长,上半身会显得更短一些,上半身与下半身比例更小一些,胸部更显宽厚一些,躯干下部显得更宽一些,腿显得更长一些。与南方族群相比,蒙古语族群、突厥语族群身体更壮实一些,胸部更显得宽厚一些,上身更高一些,上肢显得短一些,躯干的上部(肩部)相对窄一些,躯干的下部(骨盆)相对更宽一些,上肢长和下肢长度比例更小一些。研究还发现,同等身高的男性和女性相比,男性的上肢长度、下肢长度一般都小于女性,而女性比男性有一个更大的坐高值。从躯干长度来比较,女性确实比男性腿短一些。下身长相等的中国男性、女性之间相比,女性的坐高大于男性。同等身高情况下,中国人的坐高比欧亚人种、非洲人种的坐高要大,即有较高的上半身高度。     

从蒙古人种典型体质特征发生率谈维吾尔族人种构成及演化

探讨维吾尔族的族源、人种构成、体质特征及演化过程可以更好地揭示该民族的历史与文化变迁的过程,有益于对该民族的保护和促进发展。关于维吾尔族的族源、人种构成及演化过程一直是争论的热点之一。考古人类学,尤其是分子考古的成果显示,新疆古代居民种族来源不是单一的,人种地理分布主要包含欧罗巴人种和蒙古人种两大成分,同时也有两大人种之间过渡的混血类型构成新疆地区复杂的人种类型。现代新疆维吾尔族体质特征和遗传性状的多态性,特别是不同地区维吾尔族之间的差异,无疑和这种古代复杂的种族生物学背景密切相关。现代维吾尔族主要表现蒙古人种的体质特征,表明现代维吾尔族的人种来源主要是蒙古人种。而部分蒙古人种标志性体质特征在维吾尔族的发生率介于欧罗巴人种和蒙古人种之间,显示现代维吾尔族具有相当成分的欧罗巴人种血统。蒙古人种标志性体质特征在新疆维吾尔自治区不同地区维吾尔族中发生率不同并呈现出东西方向梯度性变化趋势,体现现代维吾尔族在形成过程中,蒙古人种成分是由东部逐渐向西部渗入和融合的。     

中国内蒙古鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔族人五种酶型和二种血清型遗传多样性分析

应用G6PD ACP ADA AK1和GC-Tf同步电泳的方法及GPT凝胶电泳的方法,分别对内蒙古境内鄂温克、鄂伦春、达斡尔族人476份血痕红细胞酶型:GPT、6-PGD、ACP、ADA、AK1和血清型GC、Tf的遗传多样性进行检测。根据所测表型频率分布、计算出基因频率分布,识别能力和累积识别能力,就其多态性特征及其在法医学鉴定中的应用价值进行了分析讨论。同国内外不同资料进行了比较研究,阐明了三群体上述酶型和血清型遗传多样性分布的规律和特点。从血型遗传学角度探讨了鄂伦春、鄂温克、达斡尔族间的族源、血缘关系。被调查人群中未发现各酶型和血清型的变异型。     

The political consequences of Welsh identity*

The 1991 British Census was the first to ask a question on ethnic group. This Research note provides a brief review of the development of the question and then uses the Samples of Anonymised Records, also newly available in 1991, to explore the construction of the ten ethnic groups derived by the Census Offices; the family and household composition of the ten groups and the implications of this construction for the analysis of ethnic differences.     

Mistrust,fragmented solidarity,and transnational migration: Colombians in New York City and Los Angeles

This article compares the transnational economic, political, and sociocultural relations of Colombian migrants residing in two different locations in the United States. The vast majority of these migrants are middle class and originally from large urban areas, which differs from the typical rural-origin migrants previously studied by transnational scholars. The analysis is based on theoretical developments from transnational studies and insights advanced by economic sociology. Our findings suggest that transnational relations and activities do not follow a linear path and are not necessarily and inevitably a progressive process. The reach, scope and effects of transnational activities are contingent on the interaction of multiple contextual (state of origin-migrants relations; state of origin relations with country of destination; context of reception of immigrants abroad) and group factors (size, class composition, mode of settlement).     

Height and weight growth patterns of school age deaf children

Distance and velocity curves for height and weight were analyzed in a mixed longitudinal sample of American White, American Negro and Mexican-American deaf children 6 through 17 years of age. The heights of deaf boys and girls are, on the average, consistently below an accepted pediatric standard from six through ten years of age. Between 11 and 17 years, deaf White and Negro boys approximate the standard, while White and Negro girls are at or slightly below the standard. Deaf Mexican-American children are consistently below the height standard. For body weight, deaf boys are at or slightly below the standard from 6 to 11 years, and are at or slightly above the weight standard from 12 to 17 years of age. White and Negro deaf girls generally approximate the weight standard from eight years of age on. Mexican-American deaf girls are consistently below the standard until 13 years of age, while between 14 and 17 years they are at or above the standard. Height and weight velocity curves for deaf children parallel closely the incremental standards of Falkner ('62). The height velocity curve, however, appears to peak, on the average, about one year earlier in deaf children.     

Ethnic groups and biological diversity in medieval Spain: analysis of a Jew Necropolis from Sevilla

The skulls and mandibles of adults individuals from a Jewish necropolis of Sevilla (La Buhayra), (V–IX Cent. A.D.) have been analyzed. The results show that Sevillian Jews, both males and females, present narrow skulls with a notable dolichocrany. Sexual differences in both the height of the skull and the mandible robustness have been found. A comparison between Sevillian Jews and other Iberian samples from different epochs (Neolithic-Bronze to Centuries A.D.) has been carried out by means of a principal component analysis taken only into account the variability between groups. Results of the analysis showed a certain degree of biological differentiation between Sevillian and Catalonian Jews (XI–XIVth Centuries A.D.) which can be justified not only by the geographical distance and the temporal gap between the two groups, but also by the intrinsic heterogeneity of Jews (Nathan, 1961a, b; Nathan et al., 1963; Arensburg et al., 1980). The existence of some degree of biological variability between several ethnic-religious groups (Jew, Christians and Moslems) can be detected although they share a common Mediterranean background. Paper presented at the 4^th congress of the European Anthropology Association (Florence, Sept. 1984).     

海南黎族聚居区山栏稻的起源演化研究

以14份海南黎族聚居区的山栏稻为研究材料、以原产于中国的69份亚洲栽培稻和110份普通野生稻为对照组,分别对核中SSⅡ基因、ITS基因和Ehd1基因、叶绿体中ndhC-trnV基因以及线粒体中cox3基因等5段序列进行测序,分析基因序列多样性和单倍型,并揭示海南黎族聚居区山栏稻的起源地和驯化过程。结果表明,黎族聚居区山栏稻的基因多样性低于亚洲栽培稻,而亚洲栽培稻的基因多样性低于普通野生稻;85%左右的山栏稻为偏粳型;山栏稻与广东和湖南的普通野生稻亲缘关系较近,而与海南的普通野生稻的亲缘关系较远,推测黎族的山栏稻可能起源于广东和湖南的普通野生稻。