云南省爬行动物名录和地理区划更新

云南省作为中国生物多样性最高的省份, 其详实的物种本底资料对我国生物多样性研究和保护具有重要意义。本文在前期研究的基础上, 结合实体标本, 汇总编制了云南省现生、原生爬行动物更新名录。截至2021年12月31日, 云南省记录爬行动物25科82属235种, 其中龟鳖目4科12属16种, 有鳞目蜥蜴亚目6科20属72种, 蛇亚目15科50属147种。较《云南两栖爬行动物》确认新增82种, 存疑收录21种, 移除23种。基于先前云南省爬行动物区划和更新后的物种分布信息, 将云南省爬行动物地理分为6个动物地理区, 即滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇南山地区、滇东南山地区、滇中高原区以及滇东北山地区; 其中滇西北横断山区、滇西山地区、滇中高原区和滇东南山地区的范围与先前研究相比有所调整。结合调整后的爬行动物地理区划, 对物种分布、物种特有性、受威胁状况等给出了统计结果。云南省爬行动物特有物种、国内仅见于云南的非特有物种数量较多, 受威胁等级高。建议今后继续加大分类学研究投入, 对滇西北、滇中特有爬行动物分布集中的区域积极开展栖息地保护工作, 同时在最新调整的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》基础上, 定期组织专家研讨, 对《云南省省级重点保护动物名录》提出更新建议。     

Novel mutations in ADAMTS13 CUB domains cause abnormal pre-mRNA splicing and defective secretion of ADAMTS13

Hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an autosomal recessive thrombosis disorder, caused by loss-of-function mutations in ADAMTS13. Mutations in the CUB domains of ADAMTS13 are rare, and the exact mechanisms through which these mutations result in the development of TTP have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified two novel mutations in the CUB domains in a TTP family with an acceptor splice-site mutation (c.3569−1, G>A, intron 25) and a point missense mutation (c.3923, G>A, exon 28), resulting in a glycine to aspartic acid substitution (p.G1308D). In vitro splicing analysis revealed that the intronic mutation resulted in abnormal pre-mRNA splicing, and an in vitro expression assay revealed that the missense mutation significantly impaired ADAMTS13 secretion. Although both the patient and her brother displayed significantly reduced ADAMTS13 activity and increased levels of ultra-large VWF (ULVWF) multimers in plasma, only the female developed acute episodes of TTP. Our findings indicate the importance of the CUB domains for the protein stability and extracellular secretion of ADAMTS13.     

基于SBE法的广东省生态景观林带美景度评价

采用美景度评价法(SBE法)对广东省生态景观林带进行评价，分析影响生态景观林带景观水平的主要因子，探讨生态景观林带景观构成要素与景观质量的关系。结果表明，不同专业、性别、学历、年龄的人群在森林审美态度上具有一致性，其评判结果能够反映森林美景度的实际情况；对53张照片评价SBE值，最大为1.4454，最小为-1.6917；对美景度影响较大的4个因子，即色彩丰富度(X6)、色泽明度(X7)、生活型(X8)、生长状况(X9)，建立的多元线性回归模型是 Y=1.902-0.346X6-0.461X7+ 0.206X8-0.584X9。     

Mutational analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana ABCE2 identifies important motifs for its RNA silencing suppressor function

• ATP‐binding cassette sub‐family E member 1 (ABCE1) is recognized as a strongly conserved ribosome recycling factor, indispensable for translation in archaea and eukaryotes, however, its role in plants remains largely unidentified. Arabidopsis thaliana encodes two paralogous ABCE proteins (AtABCE1 and AtABCE2), sharing 81% identity. We previously reported that AtABCE2 functions as a suppressor of RNA silencing and that its gene is ubiquitously expressed. Here we describe the structural requirements of AtABCE2 for its suppressor function.
• Using agroinfiltration assays, we transiently overexpressed mutated versions of AtABCE2 together with GFP, to induce silencing in GFP transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The influence of mutations was analysed at both local and systemic levels by in vivo imaging of GFP, Northern blot analysis of GFP siRNAs and observation of plants under UV light.
• Mutants of AtABCE2 with impaired ATP binding in either active site I or II failed to suppress GFP RNA silencing. Mutations disrupting ATP hydrolysis influenced the suppression of silencing differently at active site I or II. We also found that the N‐terminal iron–sulphur cluster domain of AtABCE2 is crucial for its suppressor function.
• Meaningfully, the observed structural requirements of AtABCE2 for RNA silencing suppression were found to be similar to those of archaeal ABCE1 needed for ribosome recycling. AtABCE2 might therefore suppress RNA silencing via supporting the competing RNA degradation mechanisms associated with ribosome recycling.

     

The C-terminal tail extension of myosin 16 acts as a molten globule,including intrinsically disordered regions,and interacts with the N-terminal ankyrin

The lesser-known unconventional myosin 16 protein is essential in proper neuronal functioning and has been implicated in cell cycle regulation. Its longer Myo16b isoform contains a C-terminal tail extension (Myo16Tail), which has been shown to play a role in the neuronal phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway. Myo16Tail mediates the actin cytoskeleton remodeling, downregulates the actin dynamics at the postsynaptic site of dendritic spines, and is involved in the organization of the presynaptic axon terminals. However, the functional and structural features of this C-terminal tail extension are not well known. Here, we report the purification and biophysical characterization of the Myo16Tail by bioinformatics, fluorescence spectroscopy, and CD. Our results revealed that the Myo16Tail is functionally active and interacts with the N-terminal ankyrin domain of myosin 16, suggesting an intramolecular binding between the C and N termini of Myo16 as an autoregulatory mechanism involving backfolding of the motor domain. In addition, the Myo16Tail possesses high structural flexibility and a solvent-exposed hydrophobic core, indicating the largely unstructured, intrinsically disordered nature of this protein region. Some secondary structure elements were also observed, indicating that the Myo16Tail likely adopts a molten globule–like structure. These structural features imply that the Myo16Tail may function as a flexible display site particularly relevant in post-translational modifications, regulatory functions such as backfolding, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling.     

长室姬蜂属一新种

本文描述了我国山东莱阳莱阳组中的长室姬蜂属(Tanychora)1个新种。这是世界上已知的最古老的姬蜂化石,在研究这个类群的起源和演化上具有重要意义。根据这个属在演化上的原始程度,推断含有此类昆虫化石的苏联、蒙古和我国的有关地层的沉积时代为晚侏罗世。     

Replacement of bacteriopheophytin in reaction centers fromRhodobacter sphaeroides RS601 with plant pheophytin

In the presence of acetone and an excess of exogenous plant pheophytins, bacterio-pheophytins in the reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides RS601 were replaced by pheophytins at sites HA and HB, when incubated at 43.5℃ for more than 15 min. The substitution of bacteriopheophytins in the reaction centers was 50% and 71% with incubation of 15 and 60 min, respectively. In the absorption spectra of pheophytin-replaced reaction centers (Phe RCs), bands assigned to the transition moments Qx (537 nm) and QY (758 nm) of bacteriopheophytin disappeared, and three distinct bands assigned to the transition moments Qx (509/542 nm) and QY (674 nm) of pheophytin appeared instead. Compared to that of the control reaction centers, the photochemical activities of Phe RCs are 78% and 71% of control, with the incubation time of 15 and 60 min. Differences might exist between the redox properties of Phe RC and of native reaction centers, but the substitution is significant, and the new system is available for further     

鹅掌楸贵州烂木山居群的微卫星遗传多样性及空间遗传结构

濒危植物鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)目前仅零散分布于我国亚热带及越南北部地区, 残存居群生境片断化较为严重。研究濒危植物片断化居群的遗传多样性及小尺度空间遗传结构(spatial genetic structure)有助于了解物种的生态进化过程以及制定相关的保育策略。本研究采用13对微卫星引物, 对鹅掌楸的1个片断化居群进行了遗传多样性及空间遗传结构的研究, 旨在揭示生境片断化条件下鹅掌楸的遗传多样性及基因流状况。研究结果表明: 鹅掌楸烂木山居群内不同生境斑块及不同年龄阶段植株的遗传多样性水平差异不显著(P>0.05), 居群内存在寨内和山林2个遗传分化明显的亚居群。烂木山居群个体在200 m以内呈现显著的空间遗传结构, 而2个亚居群内的个体仅在20 m的距离范围内存在微弱或不显著的空间遗传结构。鹅掌楸的空间遗传结构强度较低(Sp = 0.0090), 且寨内亚居群的空间遗传结构强度(Sp = 0.0067)要高于山林亚居群(Sp = 0.0053)。鹅掌楸以异交为主, 种子较轻且具翅, 借助风力传播, 在一定程度上降低了空间遗传结构的强度。此外, 居群内个体密度及生境特征也对鹅掌楸的空间遗传结构产生了一定影响。该居群出现显著的杂合子缺失, 近交系数(F_IS)为0.099 (P < 0.01), 表明生境片断化的遗传效应正逐渐显现。因此, 对鹅掌楸的就地保护应注意维护与强化生境的连续性, 促进基因交流。迁地保护时, 取样距离应不小于20 m, 以涵盖足够多的遗传变异。     

Novel type of red-shifted chlorophyll a antenna complex from Chromera velia: II. Biochemistry and spectroscopy

A novel chlorophyll a containing pigment–protein complex expressed by cells of Chromera velia adapted to growth under red/far-red illumination [1]. Purification of the complex was achieved by means of anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration. The antenna is shown to be an aggregate of ~ 20 kDa proteins of the light–harvesting complex (LHC) family, unstable in the isolated form. The complex possesses an absorption maximum at 705 nm at room temperature in addition to the main chlorophyll a maximum at 677 nm producing the major emission band at 714 nm at room temperature. The far-red absorption is shown to be the property of the isolated aggregate in the intact form and lost upon dissociation. The purified complex was further characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. This work thus identified the third different class of antenna complex in C. velia after the recently described FCP-like and LHCr-like antennas. Possible candidates for red antennas are identified in other taxonomic groups, such as eustigmatophytes and the relevance of the present results to other known examples of red-shifted antenna from other organisms is discussed. This work appears to be the first successful isolation of a chlorophyll a-based far-red antenna complex absorbing above 700 nm unrelated to LHCI.     

Isozyme electrophoresis patterns of the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis from Kimhae, Korea and from Shenyang, China

An enzyme analysis of the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis from Kimhae, Korea and from Shenyang, China was conducted using a horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in order to elucidate their genetic relationships. A total of eight enzymes was employed from two different kinds of buffer systems. Two loci from each enzyme of aconitase and esterase (alpha-Na and beta-Na); and only one locus each from six enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) were detected. Most of loci in two populations of C. sinensis showed homozygous monomorphic banding patterns and one of them, GPD was specific as genetic markers between two different populations. However, esterase (alpha-Na), GPD, HBDH and PGI loci showed polymorphic banding patterns. Two populations of C. sinensis were more closely clustered within the range of genetic identity value of 0.998-1.0. In summarizing the above results, two populations of C. sinensis employed in this study showed mostly monomorphic enzyme protein banding patterns, and genetic differences specific between two populations.