Numerical Simulation of Physiological Blood Flow in 2-way Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts

The Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) yields excellent results and remains the modern standard of care for treatment of occlusive disease in the cardiovascular system. However, the development of anastomotic Intimal Hyperplasia (IH) and restenosis can compromise the medium-and-long term effects of the CABG. This problem can be correlated with the geometric configuration and hemodynamics of the bypass graft. A novel geometric configuration was proposed for the CABG with two symmetrically implanted grafts for the purpose of improving the hemodynamics. Physiological blood flows in two models of bypass grafts were simulated using numerical methods. One model was for the conventional bypass configuration with a single graft (1-way model); the other model was for the proposed bypass configuration with two grafts (2-way model). The temporal and spatial distributions of hemodynamics, such as flow patterns and Wall Shear Stress (WSS) in the vicinity of the distal anastomoses, were analyzed and compared. Calculation results showed that the 2-way model possessed favorable hemodynamics with uniform longitudinal flow patterns and WSS distributions, which could decrease the probability of restenosis and improve the effect of the surgical treatment. Concerning the limitations of the 2-way bypass grafts, it is necessary to perform animal experiments to verify the viability of this novel idea for the CABG.     

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Intestinal resections are frequently required for treatment of diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, with Crohn’s disease and colon cancer being two common examples. Despite the frequency of these procedures, a significant knowledge gap remains in describing the inherent effects of intestinal resection on host physiology and disease pathophysiology. This article provides detailed instructions for an ileocolic resection with primary end-to-end anastomosis in mice, as well as essential aspects of peri-operative care to maximize post-operative success. When followed closely, this procedure yields a 95% long-term survival rate, no failure to thrive, and minimizes post-operative complications of bowel obstruction and anastomotic leak. The technical challenges of performing the procedure in mice are a barrier to its wide spread use in research. The skills described in this article can be acquired without previous surgical experience. Once mastered, the murine ileocolic resection procedure will provide a reproducible tool for studying the effects of intestinal resection in models of human disease.     

Rhizoctonia spp. Causing Root and Hypocotyl Rot in Phaseolus vulgaris in Cuba

Sixty isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from Cuban bean fields during the period 2004–2007. Isolates were characterized with different techniques, including nuclei staining, pectic zymogram, PCR–RFLP analysis of the rDNA–ITS region and sequencing of the rDNA–ITS region. The majority of the isolates were identified as multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani isolates, representing two different anastomosis groups (AGs), AG 2‐2 WB and AG 4 HGI; the remaining isolates were binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates and belonged to AG F and AG A. AG 4 HGI isolates were equally distributed in all soil types; AG 2‐2 isolates were more frequently isolated from cambisols, whereas AG F isolates were related to calcisols. Pathogenicity experiments in vitro and in the greenhouse, revealed that binucleate isolates only caused root rot, whereas R. solani isolates were able to cause root rot and hypocotyl rot. Furthermore, differences in virulence level were observed between R. solani and binucleate isolates and among different AGs. Isolates of R. solani AG 4 HGI and R. solani AG 2‐2 WB were the most aggressive, binucleate isolates of AG F were intermediate aggressive, whereas a binucleate isolate of AG A was weakly aggressive. In contrast with other reports about R. solani in bean, web blight symptoms were never observed during this study.     

感觉神经损伤后的变化及功能重建

切断家兔正中神经后,其支配区域的体感诱发电位消失,皮肤感觉神经末梢退变,正常轴浆转运中断。用桡神经浅支的尺侧分支与正中神经远端吻合后４周痛觉恢复,体感诱发电位重新出现,随修复后时间延长,该电位潜伏期缩短,波幅增高,在修复后３个月潜伏期接近正常,而波幅仅达正常值的１／２。与此同时,皮肤感觉神经末梢长出,辣根过氧化物酶逆行追踪显示,在原正中神经支配的前爪掌侧皮肤神经末梢与其胞体之间形成新的通路。本实验从功能与形态学上证明了损伤后感觉神经的功能重建。     

分月扇舟蛾触角感觉器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对分月扇舟蛾Clostera anastomosis(L.)成虫触角感觉器的形态、结构进行了观察。扫描电镜观察结果表明,分月扇舟蛾触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,触角外侧面覆盖有鳞片,绝大部分触角感觉器位于触角的腹面和外侧面。雌、雄蛾触角上均存在以下8种感觉器,即毛形感器、刺形感器、腔形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器、锥形感器、柱形感器和鳞形感器。各种感觉器在雌、雄蛾触角上的分布大体相同,但数量有明显的区别。     

Endothelial cell–cell adhesion during zebrafish vascular development

The vertebrate vasculature is an essential organ network with major roles in health and disease. The establishment of balanced cell–cell adhesion in the endothelium is crucial for the functionality of the vascular system. Furthermore, the correct patterning and integration of vascular endothelial cell–cell adhesion drives the morphogenesis of new vessels, and is thought to couple physical forces with signaling outcomes during development. Here, we review insights into this process that have come from studies in zebrafish. First, we describe mutants in which endothelial adhesion is perturbed, second we describe recent progress using in vivo cell biological approaches that allow the visualization of endothelial cell–cell junctions. These studies underline the profound potential of this model system to dissect in great detail the function of both known and novel regulators of endothelial cell–cell adhesion.     

The effects of tapering and artery wall stiffness on treatments for Coarctation of the Aorta

Coarctation of the Aorta is a congenital narrowing of the aorta. Two commonly used treatments are resection and end-to-end anastomosis, and stent placements. We simulate blood flow through one-dimensional models of aortas. Different artery stiffnesses, due to treatments, are included in our model, and used to compare blood flow properties in the treated aortas. We expand our previously published model to include the natural tapering of aortas. We look at change in aorta wall radius, blood pressure and blood flow velocity, and find that, of the two treatments, the resection and end-to-end anastomosis treatment more closely matches healthy aortas.     

改良血管套接法与血管断端吻合法对断指再植患者断指血运、断指成活以及运动功能的影响

目的:探讨改良血管套接法与血管断端吻合法对断指再植患者断指血运、断指成活以及运动功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院于2017年1月到2018年12月期间治疗的107例断指再植患者的临床资料。根据手术方法的不同将患者分为A组(n=55,共断指93指)和B组(n=52,共断指86指),A组给予血管断端吻合法,B组给予改良血管套接法,比较两组患者断指血运、断指成活、运动功能、生活质量及并发症。结果:B组毛细血管充盈时间、患指微循环检测值低于A组,氧饱和度、经皮氧分压则高于A组(P<0.05)。B组断指成活率、断指张力正常率及断指颜色正常率均高于A组(P<0.05)。B组术后1年社会关系领域、生理领域、心理领域以及环境领域的维度评分均高于A组(P<0.05)。B组的肌力、活动度、灵巧度、Carroll量表评分均高于A组(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率对比未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:与血管断端吻合法相比,断指再植患者采用改良血管套接法,在断指血运、断指成活、运动功能、生活质量方面的改善效果更佳,且不会增加并发症发生率。     

Mutants of Trichoderma reesei resistant to 2-deoxy-d-glucose with altered sugar transport

Abstract Transport mutants resistant to 2-deoxy- d -glucose were isolated by UV-mutagenesis from a double auxotrophic strain of Trichoderma reesei QM9414. It was proved by protoplast fusion that they were altered at the same locus. The mutations were recessive and resulted in a defect of a general sugar transporting system with wide substrate specificity.