全文获取类型
收费全文 | 257篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有283条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
《Journal of electromyography and kinesiology》2014,24(2):200-206
The purposes were twofold: (a) to ascertain the inter-session reliability of hamstrings total reaction time, pre-motor time and motor time; and (b) to examine sex-related differences in the hamstrings reaction times profile. Twenty-four men and 24 women completed the study. Biceps femoris and semitendinosus total reaction time, pre-motor time and motor time measured during eccentric isokinetic contractions were recorded on three different occasions. Inter-session reliability was examined through typical percentage error (CVTE), percentage change in the mean (CM) and intraclass correlations (ICC). For both biceps femoris and semitendinosus, total reaction time, pre-motor time and motor time measures demonstrated moderate inter-session reliability (CVTE < 10%; CM < 3%; ICC > 0.7). The results also indicated that, although not statistically significant, women reported consistently longer hamstrings total reaction time (23.5 ms), pre-motor time (12.7 ms) and motor time (7.5 ms) values than men. Therefore, an observed change larger than 5%, 9% and 8% for total reaction time, pre-motor time and motor time respectively from baseline scores after performing a training program would indicate that a real change was likely. Furthermore, while not statistically significant, sex differences were noted in the hamstrings reaction time profile which may play a role in the greater incidence of ACL injuries in women. 相似文献
43.
The calculation of the survival probability of a selectively advantageous allele is a central part of the quantitative theory of genetic evolution. However, several areas of investigation in population genetics theory, including the generalized neutrality theory, the concept of Muller's ratchet, and the risk of extinction of sexually reproducing populations due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations, rely on the calculation of the survival probability of selectively disadvantageous mutant genes. The calculation of these probabilities in the standard Wright-Fisher model of genetic evolution appears to be intractable, and yet is a key element in the above investigations. In this paper we find bounds for the fixation probability of deleterious and advantageous additive mutants, as well as finding close approximations for these probabilities. In addition, we derive analytical estimates for the relative error of our approximations and compare our results with those from numerical computation. Our results justify the diffusion approximation for the fixation probability of a single mutant. 相似文献
44.
PurposeTo investigate the effectiveness of an EPID-based 3D transit dosimetry system in detecting deliberately introduced errors during VMAT delivery.MethodsAn Alderson phantom was irradiated using four VMAT treatment plans (one prostate, two head-and-neck and one lung case) in which delivery, thickness and setup errors were introduced. EPID measurements were performed to reconstruct 3D dose distributions of “error” plans, which were compared with “no-error” plans using the mean gamma (γmean), near-maximum gamma (γ1%) and the difference in isocenter dose (ΔDisoc) as metrics.ResultsOut of a total of 42 serious errors, the number of errors detected was 33 (79%), and 27 out of 30 (90%) if setup errors are not included. The system was able to pick up errors of 5 mm movement of a leaf bank, a wrong collimator rotation angle and a wrong photon beam energy. A change in phantom thickness of 1 cm was detected for all cases, while only for the head-and-neck plans a 2 cm horizontal and vertical shift of the phantom were alerted. A single leaf error of 5 mm could be detected for the lung plan only.ConclusionAlthough performed for a limited number of cases and error types, this study shows that EPID-based 3D transit dosimetry is able to detect a number of serious errors in dose delivery, leaf bank position and patient thickness during VMAT delivery. Errors in patient setup and single leaf position can only be detected in specific cases. 相似文献
45.
Joanna Kamińska Olga M. Koper Edyta Siedlecka-Czykier Joanna Matowicka-Karna Jerzy Bychowski Halina Kemona 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2018,25(7):1263-1271
Introduction
Thrombotic and inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of the study was the evaluation of inflammation (white blood cells count/WBC, C-reactive protein/CRP, interleukin-6/IL-6) and platelet (platelet count/PLT, mean platelet volume/MPV, large platelet/LPLT, beta-thromboglobulin/β-TG) biomarkers in the groups of ACS patients depending on the severity of signs and symptoms and compared to controls without coronary artery disease.Materials and methods
The study group included 93 patients categorized into 3 subgroups depending on the severity of signs and symptoms of ACS. PLT, MPV, LPLT, and WBC were determined on hematological analyzer, IL-6 and β-TG were measured using the ELISA method.Results
In the whole group of ACS patients WBC, CRP, IL-6, MPV, and β-TG were significantly higher as compared to controls. Analyzing the inflammation and platelet biomarkers depending on the severity of signs and symptoms in comparison to controls, statistically significant differences for above-mentioned parameters were also found. There were no significant differences between the advancement of coronary artery changes and inflammation as well as platelet parameters, except for CRP concentrations. The AUCs for all inflammation parameters tested were similar, however the highest AUCs showed WBC and CRP. Among platelet parameters the highest AUC revealed β-TG.Conclusion
Markers of inflammation and platelet activation may be associated to myocardial ischemia and myocardial injury. WBC, CRP and IL-6 as inflammation parameters and MPV and β-TG as platelet biomarkers may be useful indicators of the presence of coronary artery disease. 相似文献46.
N. Schmitz 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1999,261(4-5):716-724
The protein kinase p34cdc2 is required at the onset of DNA replication and for entry into mitosis. The catalytic subunit and its regulatory proteins,
notably the cyclins, are conserved from yeast to man. This suggests that the control mechanisms necessary for progression
through the cell cycle in fission yeast are conserved throughout evolution. This work describes the characterization of a
fission yeast strain that is dependent for cell cycle progression on the activity of the p34CDC2 protein kinase from chicken. The response of the chicken p34CDC2 protein kinase to cell cycle components of fission yeast was examined. Cells expressing the chicken p34CDC2 protein divide at reduced size at 31° C. Cells are temperature sensitive at 35.5° C and die as a result of mitotic catastrophe.
This phenotype can be rescued by delaying cell cycle progression at the G1-S transition by adding low concentrations of hydroxyurea.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells that are dependent on chicken p34CDC2 are cold sensitive. At 19° C to 25° C cells arrest in the G1 phase, while traversal of the G2-M transition is not blocked
at low temperature. Expression of chicken p34CDC2 in the cold-sensitive G2-M mutant cdc2A21 suppresses the G1 arrest.
Received: 14 October 1998 / Accepted: 15 March 1999 相似文献
47.
Bernard D. Roitberg Ian C. Robertson Jabus G.A. Tyerman 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1999,91(1):187-194
We developed state-dependent life-history theory to explain the variance in clutch size decisions made by insect herbivores under a variety of ecological scenarios. An important aspect of our theory is explicit representation of the distribution of host quality and frequency of occurrence. Examination of the theory suggests that clutch size decisions can be highly non-linear with respect to host quality and variability. We then use our theory to explore the potential for bet-hedging strategies to evolve as a function of unpredictable catastrophic events that decimate entire clutches. Our analysis suggests that the benefits to employing such a strategy will frequently be outweighed by costs brought on by delayed oviposition. 相似文献
48.
The objective is to predict future plant growth using data from greenhouse grown poinsettias. A population‐mean growth trajectory can be predicted from growth conditions using previously published results. Four different predictors are used to identify the local group‐effects that come in addition to the population‐mean response to growth conditions, in order to improve the predictions of the final plant height for specific plant groups. A search for optimal model complexity and use of growth history during calibration is conducted using cross‐validation. 相似文献
49.
John M. Hoenig R. Choudary Hanumara Dennis M. Heisey 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》2002,44(5):603-618
Population composition is often estimated by double sampling in which the value of a covariate is noted on each of a large number of randomly selected units and the value of the covariate and the exact class to which the unit belongs is noted for a smaller sample. The cross‐classified sample can be used to estimate the classification rates and these, in turn, can be used in conjunction with the estimated distribution of the covariate to obtain an improved estimate of the population composition over that obtained by direct observation of the identity of the individuals in a small sample. There are two approaches to this problem characterized by the way in which the classification rates are defined. The simplest approach uses estimates of the probability P(i | j) that the unit is actually in class i given that the covariate is in class j. The more complicated approach uses estimates of the probability Pi | j) that the covariate falls in class j given that the unit is actually in class i. The latter approach involves estimating more parameters than the former but avoids the necessity for the two samples to be drawn from the same population. We show the two approaches can be combined when there are multiple surveys. For example, one might conduct a disease survey for several years; in each year the accurate and/or error‐prone techniques may be applied to samples. The sensitivities and specificities of the error‐prone test are assumed constant across surveys. Generalizations allow for more than one error‐prone classifier and partial verification (estimation of misclassification rates by application of the accurate technique to fixed subsamples from each error‐prone category). The general approach is illustrated by considering a repeated survey for malaria. 相似文献
50.
Tumor cells can escape DNA-damaging cisplatin through DNA endoreduplication and reversible polyploidy 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Puig PE Guilly MN Bouchot A Droin N Cathelin D Bouyer F Favier L Ghiringhelli F Kroemer G Solary E Martin F Chauffert B 《Cell biology international》2008,32(9):1031-1043
Cancer chemotherapy can induce tumor regression followed, in many cases, by relapse in the long-term. Thus this study was performed to assess the determinants of such phenomenon using an in vivo cancer model and in vitro approaches. When animals bearing an established tumor are treated by cisplatin, the tumor initially undergoes a dramatic shrinkage and is characterized by giant tumor cells that do not proliferate but maintain DNA synthesis. After several weeks of latency, the tumor resumes its progression and consists of small proliferating cells. Similarly, when tumor cells are exposed in vitro to pharmacological concentrations of cisplatin, mitotic activity stops initially but cells maintain DNA duplication. This DNA endoreduplication generates giant polyploid cells that then initiate abortive mitoses and can die through mitotic catastrophe. However, many polyploid cells survive for weeks as non-proliferating mono- or multi-nucleated giant cells which acquire a senescence phenotype. Prolonged observation of these cells sheds light on the delayed emergence of a limited number of extensive colonies which originate from polyploid cells, as demonstrated by cell sorting analysis. Theses colonies are made of small diploid cells which differ from parental cells by stereotyped chromosomal aberrations and an increased resistance to cytotoxic drugs. These data suggest that a multistep pathway, including DNA endoreduplication, polyploidy, then depolyploidization and generation of clonogenic escape cells can account for tumor relapse after initial efficient chemotherapy. 相似文献