Computational verification of anesthesia effect on temperature variations in rabbit eyes exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave energy

This paper computationally verifies the effect of anesthesia on temperature variations in the rabbit eye due to microwave energy. The main reason for this investigation is that our previous paper suggested a reduction in blood flow due to the administration of anesthesia, resulting in an overestimated temperature increase. However, no quantitative investigation has yet been conducted. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used for calculating power absorption and temperature variation in rabbits. For this purpose, we used a computational rabbit phantom, which is comprised of 12 tissues (including 6 eye tissues) with a resolution of 1 mm. Thermal constants of the rabbit were derived by comparing measured and calculated temperatures. For intense microwave exposure to the rabbit eye, time courses of calculated and measured temperatures were in good agreement for cases both with and without the administration of anesthesia. The point to be stressed is that under anesthesia the thermoregulatory response was inactivated and blood flow and basal metabolism was reduced.     

Fruit fly behavior in response to chemosensory signals

An important question in contemporary sensory neuroscience is how animals perceive their environment and make appropriate behavioral choices based on chemical perceptions. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits robust tastant and odor-evoked behaviors. Understanding how the gustatory and olfactory systems support the perception of these contact and volatile chemicals and translate them into appropriate attraction or avoidance behaviors has made an unprecedented contribution to our knowledge of the organization of chemosensory systems. In this review, I begin by describing the receptors and signaling mechanisms of the Drosophila gustatory and olfactory systems and then highlight their involvement in the control of simple and complex behaviors. The topics addressed include feeding behavior, learning and memory, navigation behavior, neuropeptide modulation of chemosensory behavior, and I conclude with a discussion of recent work that provides insight into pheromone signaling pathways.     

胸段硬膜外麻醉的研究进展及应用

硬膜外应用局麻药为手术提供麻醉与镇痛,同时胸段硬膜外麻醉与镇痛也被广泛应用于心脏,大血管,胸部和腹部的手术中.它不仅可以加快病人麻醉后的苏醒,而且可以提供很好的术后镇痛.除了上述优点,许多基础及临床研究发现硬膜外麻醉还有许多其它方面的作用,如:减轻神经内分泌系统的应激反应、减少围术期并发症的发生,以及通过暂时性的阻滞胸交感神经提供心肺及胃肠道的保护作用,改善免疫和凝血功能.本文就近年来胸段硬膜外麻醉应用及研究进展作一综述.     

全程心理疏导预防全麻术后导尿管刺激躁动的临床观察

目的:评价全程心理疏导预防全身麻醉术后导尿管刺激躁动的临床效果。方法:全麻下实施胆囊切除手术的80例男性患者为观察对象,随机均分为全程心理疏导组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组),每组40例。Ⅰ组:术前、麻醉诱导前、苏醒后均对患者施行个体化心理疏导,根据患者具体情况进行沟通,解除其焦虑与恐惧心理。Ⅱ组:常规访视,不进行全程心理疏导。飞利浦多功能监测仪连续监测ECG、HR、SpO2及每3分钟监测一次BP,记录入室后MAP、HR的基础值(T0)、术毕(T1)、拔管后3 min(T2)、10 min(T3)、20min(T4)的血流动力学变化,观察记录拔管后患者因尿管刺激引发躁动评分。结果:Ⅰ组患者苏醒期对尿管刺激反应程度明显低于Ⅱ组,患者在苏醒期血压、心率也较稳定。结论:全程心理疏导可以预防、减轻全麻术后因导尿管刺激而引发的躁动。     

不同麻醉方式对子宫切除患者血液动力学的影响*

目的:探索全麻复合硬膜外麻醉和全身麻醉用于子宫切除术对血液动力学的影响。方法:36例行子宫切除术患者,随机分成全麻组(A组,18例)和硬膜外+全麻组(B组,18例),采用Swan-Ganz导管技术,监测手术时血液动力学变化。结果:A组HR、MAP、CVP、SVR及CI均明显增加,SV无明显变化;B组除CVP明显上升外,其余各指标均无明显变化。结论:全麻复合硬膜外麻醉下施行子宫切除术,能减轻术中应激反应,稳定血液动力学。     

Cold-induced anesthesia impairs path integration memory in dung beetles

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Genetic Manipulation of the Mouse Developing Hypothalamus through In utero Electroporation

Genetic modification of specific regions of the developing mammalian brain is a very powerful experimental approach. However, generating novel mouse mutants is often frustratingly slow. It has been shown that access to the mouse brain developing in utero with reasonable post-operatory survival is possible. Still, results with this procedure have been reported almost exclusively for the most superficial and easily accessible part of the developing brain, i.e. the cortex. The thalamus, a narrower and more medial region, has proven more difficult to target. Transfection into deeper nuclei, especially those of the hypothalamus, is perhaps the most challenging and therefore very few results have been reported. Here we demonstrate a procedure to target the entire hypothalamic neuroepithelium or part of it (hypothalamic regions) for transfection through electroporation. The keys to our approach are longer narcosis times, injection in the third ventricle, and appropriate kind and positioning of the electrodes. Additionally, we show results of targeting and subsequent histological analysis of the most recessed hypothalamic nucleus, the mammillary body.     

反毒为药：精准控制河鲀毒素用作局部麻醉药的新进展

钠离子通道阻断剂河鲀毒素(TTX)是致命的毒素之一,却是极具价值的神经生物学和生理学等生命科学研究领域的工具药.近年来,越来越多的研究指出,TTX具有强大的局部麻醉潜能,有望成为替代氨基酯类和氨基酰胺类局部麻醉药、避免阿片类药物滥用的新型麻醉药物.本文综述TTX局部麻醉应用的辅助药物、TTX缓释及控释给药系统等相关研究,旨在为局部麻醉新药研发提供参考并探讨新的思路.     

针刺麻醉复合小剂量瑞芬太尼用于甲状腺良性结节消融术的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨小剂量瑞芬太尼复合针刺麻醉在甲状腺良性结节消融术中的麻醉镇痛效果。方法:选取2015年6月至2016年6月在我院进行甲状腺良性结节射频消融术的患者71例,并将其随机分为对照组(n=35)和复合麻醉组(n=36)。对照组患者接受单纯芬太尼麻醉,复合麻醉组患者接受小剂量瑞芬太尼复合针刺麻醉,观察和比较两组患者麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后(T1)、消融术中(T2)、手术结束(T3)时患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(HPO_2)和VAS评分。结果:复合麻醉组患者T2和T3时间点MAP(95.00±6.09,90.86±3.23)(P0.05)、HR值(65.19±3.52,75.03±6.00)均显著低于对照组(P0.05),HPO_2水平(98.78±1.15,97.81±1.47)均显著高于对照组(P0.05),VAS评分(3.25±1.38,1.69±1.43)均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:电针刺激结合小剂量瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于甲状腺良性结节消融术可有效镇痛并维持较稳定的血压和心率,效果明显优于单纯芬太尼麻醉。     

硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学和应激反应的影响研究

目的:研究硬膜外复合全身麻醉对开胸手术患者血流动力学和应激反应的影响。方法:选取120例我院2015年1月到2016年1月收治的开胸手术患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,对照组给予单纯全麻,研究组给予硬膜外复合全身麻醉,比较两组苏醒时间、苏醒期收缩压、舒张压、心率及烦躁情况,并比较两组术前、术后72 h血糖、皮质醇以及肾上腺素水平。结果:两组苏醒时间比较无统计学意义(P0.05),苏醒期研究组收缩压、舒张压及心率、烦躁发生率均较对照组降低(P0.05);两组术前血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素比较无统计学差异(P0.05);术后72 h,两组血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素均升高(P0.05);研究组血糖、皮质醇及肾上腺素均较对照组降低(P0.05)。结论:硬膜外复合全身麻醉应用于开胸手术能显著提高患者苏醒期苏醒质量,稳定血流动力学,改善其应激反应。