麻醉方式对老年髋关节置换术患者的影响

目的:观察和比较腰硬联合麻醉与全麻对行择期髋关节置换术老年患者的生命体征、简易智力状况检查量表(Mini-mental State Examinatlon,MMSE)评分、认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)发生率的影响。方法:选取2015年1月-2017年6月于我院行择期髋关节置换术的80例老年患者为研究对象,随机分为腰硬联合麻醉组和全麻组,每组各40例。全麻组患者术前应用全身麻醉,腰硬联合麻醉组患者术前应用腰硬联合麻醉。观察两组患者麻醉前后的生命体征、MMSE评分变化及POCD的发生情况。结果:腰硬联合麻醉组患者麻醉后收缩压(Systolic pressure,SP)、舒张压(diastolic pressure,DP)、心率(heart rate,HR)、呼吸频率(Respiratory rate,RR)均低于全麻组(P0.05),两组患者血氧饱和度(Pulse Oxygen Saturation,Sp O2)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腰硬联合麻醉组患者麻醉起效时间、运动阻滞恢复时间以及麻醉药用量均低于全麻组(P0.05)。术后6 h、24 h、72 h,腰硬联合麻醉组的MMSE评分均高于全麻组患者(P0.05)。术后1 d,全麻组的患者出现19例POCD,腰硬联合麻醉组出现4例,发生率显著低于全麻组(P0.05);两组在术后3 d的POCD发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腰硬联合麻醉用于择期行髋关节置换术的老年患者具有良好的临床效果,麻醉起效快,缩短了完全阻滞时间,明显改善了患者的生命体征,降低术后认知功能障碍的发生,麻醉药物用量少。     

经皮穴位电刺激辅助全身麻醉减少镇痛药及其副作用的随机对照研究

目的:1.为了明确经皮穴位电刺激是否可以减少择期乳腺癌根治术麻醉药的用量,产生针刺镇痛效应,并且缩短患者苏醒和拔管时间;2.经皮穴位电刺激是否可以明显的减少术后恶心呕吐、眩晕及皮肤瘙痒等麻醉相关并发症的发生;3.探讨电针镇痛效应是否与患者体内β-内啡肽、游离皮质醇有关。方法:选择60例进行择期乳腺癌根治术的患者,随机分为对照组(CON组)、经皮穴位电刺激组(TEAS组),每组30人。入手术室后TEAS组选择双侧合谷穴(LI4),内关穴(PC6)和足三里(ST36)作为穴位刺激30分钟,刺激频率为疏密波2/30 Hz,强度以患者所能承受为限(6-8 m A),对照组患者则仅将电极贴片贴于穴位,不给予电刺激。术中行Narcotrend脑电监测仪监测麻醉深度,记录术中血流动力学参数,采集外周静脉血行皮质醇和β-内啡肽检测。首要观察指标是术中瑞芬太尼用量,次要观察指标是麻醉苏醒质量和麻醉相关副作用。结果:TEAS组瑞芬太尼用量(0.063±0.026μg·kg-1·min-1)相比对照组(0.091±0.032μg·kg-1·min-1)减少了30%。两组间术中血流动力学和血浆β-内啡肽、皮质醇水平无显著差异(P0.05)。然而,拔管和苏醒时间在对照组分别为17(5)和14(8)min显著长于TEAS组(P0.05),TEAS组术后24小时眩晕和皮肤瘙痒发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:经皮穴位电刺激确实产生了针刺镇痛效应,大大减少了全麻术中瑞芬太尼用量并降低术后麻醉相关并发症的发生率,是一种值得推广的辅助麻醉方法。     

Field Techniques for Monitoring Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) in Colombia

We present reliable field techniques for capturing, anesthetizing, and Iidentifying individual cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus). A new technique is presented for radio-tracking small bodied primates. A backpack-style harness was designed to carry a transmitter. This system appears effective in minimizing potential injury and does not appear to interfere with the normal behavior of the animal. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Anesthetic management for instrumentation of the pregnant rhesus monkey

The anesthetic procedures used and the responses observed during maternal instrumentation on 38 pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during the second half of gestation are reported. A laparotomy with maternal instrumentation was performed in all animals. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine and maintained with halothane. Two animals delivered within five days of anesthesia and surgery and were unable to undergo experimentation. The remaining 36 animals underwent successful experimentation. Dysrhythmias, hypotension, and hypothermia were identified as complications of anesthesia.     

Behavioral effects of acute manganese chloride administration in chickens

The behavioral effects of manganese chloride at 20 and 40 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc), were examined in 1-mo-old broiler chickens using the open-field (5 min) and tonic immobility tests. In a separate experiment, chickens were subjected to a pharmacological challenge with the anesthetic combination of xylazine-ketamine following manganese chloride pretreatment at 50 mg/kg, sc. Manganese at 40 mg/kg significantly decreased jumping attempts of the chickens in the open-field test 30 min after the injection when compared with the control (saline) group. Both manganese treatments significantly increased the tonic immobility response of the chickens in a dose-dependent manner in comparison with the control group. Pretreatment with manganese chloride (50 mg/kg, sc) significantly increased the duration of sleep, decreased the latency to onset of analgesia, and increased the duration of analgesia in chickens treated with the anesthetic xylazine-ketamine mixture when compared with the saline control group. The respiratory rate of all anesthetized chickens significantly decreased from respective preanesthetic (time 0) values during the 60-min observation period after injection of the anesthetic. However, 60 min after the anesthetic injection, the respiratory rate of the manganese-treated group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The data suggest a depressant action of acute manganese chloride treatment in chickens.     

Comparative evaluation of ropivacaine and lidocaine as dental pulp anaesthesia

Root canal therapy linked to pulpal diseases or trauma is common in modern dental care. The 2% Lidocaine which is considered as the gold standard has some drawbacks in pulpal anaesthesia. Ropivacaine has beneficial anaesthetic effects on pulpal anaesthesia. Therefore, it is of interest to compare and evaluate the pulpal aesthetic effect using 0.5% Ropivacaine and 2% Lidocaine in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. A double blinded randomized controlled clinical trial consisting of 110 lower molar and premolar tooth with irreversible pulpitis cases for root canal therapy were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A: 2% lidocaine with epinephrine and Group B: 0.5% ropivacaine. The pulp sensibility tests with heat test, cold test and electric pulp test were completed. The preoperative pain score was measured with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scale. The classical inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique was administered to all patients by a single operator. Subjects were asked for lip numbness and presence or absence of lip numbness. Postoperative pain scores were recorded during access opening and on placing files in the canal. There is no statistical difference between the groups during pre operative conditions. The mean pain scores within group A and group B is recorded. The difference was found to be statistically significant with p value ≤ 0.05. Significant difference between the mean values after and before the treatment is observed. However, there is no statistical significance between the mean pain scores between the access and pulp. The 0.5% Ropivacaine and 2% Lidocaine with epinephrine does not have any significant difference during access opening. However, 0.5% Ropivacaine groups were effective while placing the file in the canal. Thus, 0.5% Ropivacaine showed better results even though it was not statistically significant for further consideration in this context.     

不同剂量舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于术后 硬膜外镇痛效应比较

目的:研究不同剂量的舒芬太尼复合0.125%罗哌卡因用于硬膜外上腹部术后镇痛的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择60例麻醉风险评级(ASA)I-II级,年龄(56±12.3)岁,在静脉快速诱导气管插管静吸复合全身麻醉下行上腹部手术的病人随机均分为四组,分别为0.125%罗哌卡因(R)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.25ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.25S)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.5S)组,0.125%罗哌卡因+0.75ug/ml舒芬太尼(R+0.75S)组。于T9-11行硬膜外穿刺置管后接入镇痛泵行术后持续硬膜外输注镇痛,观察术后3、6、12、24小时VAS评分,辅助镇痛用药量及恶心、呕吐、皮肤骚痒、呼吸抑制等副作用。结果:(R+0.5S)组和(R+0.75S)组的患者静息和咳嗽时的VAS评分、24小时内辅助镇痛用药量均显著低于(R)组和(R+0.25S)组,(P<0.05);(R)组、(R+0.25S)组、(R+0.5S)组、(R+0.75S)组四组的瘙痒发生率分别为0%、27.2%、54.5%、63.6%,各组间瘙痒的发生率有显著差异(P<0.05)。60例患者均未发生呼吸抑制等严重并发症;四组间的镇静评分、恶心、呕吐发生率无显著性差异。结论:0.5ug/ml舒芬太尼复合0.125%罗哌卡因可取得较佳的镇痛效果及较少的副作用。     

电子胃镜检查使用镇静麻醉药的护理研究

目的探讨电子胃镜检查时应用镇静麻醉药的临床护理效果。方法抽取300例患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组使用镇静麻醉药加多种护理配合,对照组作常规胃镜检查加多种护理配合,在两组之间进行检查和护理效果比较。结果观察组胃镜检查成功率为100%,全部患者插管均无发生任何合并症或危重症状,仅11%的患者出现恶心呕吐,7.5%的患者对麻醉药非常敏感。对照组成功率为100%,全部患者插管也无发生任何合并症或危重症状,但有21%的患者出现恶心呕吐,多数患者情绪稳定较差,诊断的准确性也比较差。结论电子胃镜检查时使用静脉镇静药,其检查效果非常理想,而多种护理配合对这种效果起着重要作用。     

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

Glucose metabolism is a useful marker for local neural activity, forming the basis of methods such as 2-deoxyglucose and functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, use of such methods in animal models requires anesthesia and hence both alters the brain state and prevents behavioral measures. An alternative method is the use of in vivo microdialysis to take continuous measurement of brain extracellular fluid concentrations of glucose, lactate, and related metabolites in awake, unrestrained animals. This technique is especially useful when combined with tasks designed to rely on specific brain regions and/or acute pharmacological manipulation; for example, hippocampal measurements during a spatial working memory task (spontaneous alternation) show a dip in extracellular glucose and rise in lactate that are suggestive of enhanced glycolysis^1-3,4-5, and intrahippocampal insulin administration both improves memory and increases hippocampal glycolysis⁶. Substances such as insulin can be delivered to the hippocampus via the same microdialysis probe used to measure metabolites. The use of spontaneous alternation as a measure of hippocampal function is designed to avoid any confound from stressful motivators (e.g. footshock), restraint, or rewards (e.g. food), all of which can alter both task performance and metabolism; this task also provides a measure of motor activity that permits control for nonspecific effects of treatment. Combined, these methods permit direct measurement of the neurochemical and metabolic variables regulating behavior.