构树黄酮对小鼠学习记忆的影响(英文)

Morris水迷宫在啮齿目动物的空间学习与记忆的研究中被广泛使用。研究表明摄食抗氧化剂能够增强空间学习与记忆能力。本文目的在于研究构树黄酮对昆明小鼠的空间学习与记忆能力的影响。用构树黄酮固体脂质纳米粒对小鼠灌胃4周,然后进行Morris水迷宫测试。与对照组相比,实验组小鼠的各项指标均有显著改善。这表明构树黄酮能显著增强小鼠的空间学习与记忆能力。同时研究还表明构树黄酮对小鼠的生长发育没有影响。     

氧化修饰使HDL促动脉平滑肌细胞胆固醇流出减少

为了研究氧化修饰对高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）转运细胞胆固醇地＾３Ｈ－胆固醇负荷的培养人动脉平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）分别与天然ＨＤＬ及Ｃｕ＾２＋ａｋｇ ＨＯＣｌ氧化修饰的ＨＤＬ在３７℃温育不同时间后,分别测定细胞＾３Ｈ－胆固醇清除率。结果发现,温育２４ｈ后,经Ｃｕ＾２＋或ＨＯＬｌ氧修饰后的ＨＤＬ其细胞胆因醇清除率分别较天然ＨＤＬ下降了３０．０％和４３．１％（ｐ〈０．０１）。结果还发现,Ｃｕ＾２＋或ＨＯＣｌ氧     

Black tea,green tea,and tea polyphenols

Previous studies have shown that tea consumption can impair trace element metabolism, particularly iron status, and increase the risk of anemia in humans and animals. More recently, however, evidence has been accumulating to show that, in animals, consumption of green tea or its polyphenols is associated with a reduction of the incidence and severity of a variety of experimentally induced cancers. In this study we have monitored the growth, trace element status, including hematological parameters of weanling rats given either (1) water, (2) 1% black tea, (3) 1% green, tea, or (4) 0.2% crude green tea extract as their sole drinking fluid while consuming diets containing either adequate or low amounts of iron. With the exception of manaanese, none of the trace elements studied (iron, copper, zinc, and manganese) or the hematological indices measured were affected by the type of beverage supplied, even though the polyphenol extract was shown to chelate metals in vitro and all the animals fed the low iron diet were shown to be anemic. There appeared to be an effect of black and green teas on manganese balance in, both the first and last weeks of the study. A lower level of brain managanese was associated with green tea consumption, and a higher level of this element in the kidneys of animals fed black tea. The results demonstrate that both black and green teas and a green tea polyphenol extract do not represent a risk to animals consuming the beverages as their sole fluid intake with respect to iron availability, although the interactions with manganese deserve further study.     

自由基、天然抗氧化剂与神经退行性疾病

神经退行性疾病,老年痴呆症(Alzheimer's disease,AD)、帕金森症(Parkinson'sDisease,PD)和中风(脑卒中)严重危害老年人的身体健康和生活质量。这些疾病的发病机制目前尚不完全清楚,也无有效治疗方法。目前的研究发现,氧化应激产生的活性氧和NO自由基在诱导细胞的凋亡和导致神经退行性疾病AD、PD和中风方面发挥了重要作用。该文章综述了神经退行性疾病的自由基机理和天然抗氧化剂对这些疾病的预防和治疗作用机理。天然抗氧化剂,如茶多酚,能够防止6-羟多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)诱导的细胞凋亡,保护线粒体功能从而预防6-OHDP诱导大鼠的PD症状;大豆异黄酮和尼古丁作为抗氧化剂可以防止Amyloid-β(Aβ)诱导的海马细胞凋亡和转基因小鼠脑中Aβ的沉积,抑制6-OHDA诱导细胞凋亡过程线粒体细胞色素C释放。在转基因鼠海马CA1区的Aβ斑中,铜、铁浓度比周围神经明显增高,用尼古丁处理明显减少海马CA1区Aβ斑及其周围神经中铜和铁的浓度,尼古丁可以抑制分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)的激活,核因子...     

枯草芽孢杆菌嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶酶学性质研究及在利巴韦林酶法合成中的应用

利用PCR技术从枯草芽孢杆菌基因组DNA中扩增出其编码嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶的两种基因deoD和punA,构建工程菌并采用金属螯合层析纯化PNP₇₀₂和PNP₈₁₆,酶学性质研究表明:二者具有一致的最适反应温度(60℃)和最适反应pH值(7~8),PNP₈₁₆磷酸解肌苷的催化效率(k_cat/K_m)比PNP₇₀₂高出11.12倍。底物特异性试验表明:PNP₇₀₂为高分子量的六聚体,而PNP₈₁₆为低分子量的三聚体。分别以纯化酶和工程菌菌体为酶源,以肌苷或鸟苷为核糖基供体,TCA(1,2,4-三氮唑-3-甲酰胺)为底物,酶法合成核苷类抗病毒药物利巴韦林,PNP₈₁₆和工程菌XL-Blue(pPNP₈₁₆)较PNP₇₀₂和工程菌XL-Blue(pPNP₇₀₂)具有更高的催化速度和底物转化率,表明来源于微生物的低分子量的三聚体PNP在核苷类药物和中间体微生物酶法合成中具有更高的应用价值。     

Cadmium causes the oxidative modification of proteins in pea plants

In pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves from plants grown in the presence of 50 µm CdCl₂ the oxidative production of carbonyl groups in proteins, the rate of protein degradation and the proteolytic activity were investigated. In leaf extracts the content of carbonyl groups measured by derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), was two‐fold higher in plants treated with Cd than in control plants. The identification of oxidized proteins was carried out by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins derivatized with DNPH and immunochemical detection with an antibody against DNPH. The intensity of the reactive bands was higher in plants exposed to Cd than in controls. By using different antibodies some of the oxidized proteins were identified as Rubisco, glutathione reductase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and catalase. The incubation of leaf crude extracts with increasing H₂O₂ concentrations showed a progressive enhancement in carbonyl content and the pattern of oxidized proteins was similar to that found in Cd‐treated plants. Oxidized proteins were more efficiently degraded, and the proteolytic activity increased 20% due to the metal treatment. In peroxisomes purified from pea leaves a rise in the carbonyl content similar to that obtained in crude extracts from Cd‐treated plants was observed, but the functionality of the peroxisomal membrane was not apparently affected by Cd. Results obtained demonstrate the participation of both oxidative stress, probably mediated by H₂O₂, and proteolytic degradation in the mechanism of Cd toxicity in leaves of pea plants, and they appear to be involved in the Cd‐induced senescence previously reported in these plants.     

Plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidants status in workers exposed to nickel

The objectives were to investigate the plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidants status in workers exposed to nickel. The study groups comprised 69 nickel plating workers and 50 office workers residing in the same city, but away from the place of work of the study group subjects, considered as control group. Urinary nickel concentration was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidants were measured by spectrophotmetric methods. The plasma lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased in nickel-platers and their helpers as compared with controls. Erythrocyte antioxidants were significantly decreased in the nickel-platers compared with the controls. The level of plasma lipid peroxidation was positively and erythrocyte antioxidants were negatively and significantly correlated with the urine nickel levels. Multiple regression analysis assessed the oxidative stress associated with nickel and other potential confounding factors such as body mass index, the consumption of green vegetables, coffee, tea, smoking and alcohol consumption. Analysis showed that the lifestyle confounding factors: the consumption of green vegetables, smoking and alcohol, were not significantly associated with oxidative stress. The exposure to nickel, body mass index and coffee consumption were significantly associated with oxidative stress. The results show that the increased plasma lipid peroxidation and decreased erythrocyte antioxidants levels observed in nickel-exposed workers could be used as biomarkers of oxidative stress.     

Carcass and meat quality traits of chickens fed diets concurrently supplemented with vitamins C and E under constant heat stress

The objective of this study was to determine if a diet supplemented simultaneously with vitamins C and E would alleviate the negative effects of heat stress, applied between 28 and 42 days of age, on performance, carcass and meat quality traits of broiler chickens. A total of 384 male broiler chickens were assigned to a completely randomized design, with a 2×3 factorial arrangement (diet with or without vitamin supplementation and two ambient temperatures plus a pair-feeding group) and 16 replicates. Chickens were kept in thermoneutral conditions up to 28 days of age. They were then housed in groups of four per cage, in three environmentally controlled chambers: two thermoneutral (22.5 and 22.6°C) and one for heat stress (32°C). Half the chickens were fed a diet supplemented with vitamins C (257 to 288 mg/kg) and E (93 to 109 mg/kg). In the thermoneutral chambers, half of the chickens were pair-fed to heat stressed chickens, receiving each day the average feed intake recorded in the heat stress chamber in the previous day. Meat physical quality analyses were performed on the pectoralis major muscle. No ambient temperature×diet supplementation interaction effects were detected on performance, carcass, or meat quality traits. The supplemented diet resulted in lower growth performance, attributed either to a carry-over effect of the lower initial BW, or to a possible catabolic effect of vitamins C and E when supplemented simultaneously at high levels. Heat stress reduced slaughter and carcass weights, average daily gain and feed intake, and increased feed conversion. Growth performance of pair-fed chickens was similar to that of heat stressed chickens. Exposure to heat stress increased carcass and abdominal fat percentages, but reduced breast, liver and heart percentages. Pair-fed chickens showed the lowest fat percentage and their breast percentage was similar to controls. Heat stress increased meat pH and negatively affected meat color and cooking loss. In pair-fed chickens, meat color was similar to the heat stressed group. Shear force was not influenced by heat stress, but pair-fed chickens showed the tenderest meat. In conclusion, reduction in growth performance and negative changes in meat color in heat stressed chickens were attributed to depression in feed intake, whereas negative changes in body composition, higher meat pH and cooking loss were credited to high ambient temperature per se. Diet supplementation with vitamins C and E as antioxidants did not mitigate any of these negative effects.