冷刀系统与宫腔镜下能量系统分别联合芬吗通治疗中重度宫腔粘连疗效对比

摘要 目的：对比分析冷刀系统与宫腔镜下能量系统分别联合芬吗通治疗中重度宫腔粘连疗效。方法：选取2020年1月-2022年1月我院收治的中重度宫腔粘连患者80例为研究对象,分为对照组（n=40）和观察组（n=40）。对照组采用宫腔镜下能量系统联合芬吗通治疗,观察组采用冷刀系统联合芬吗通治疗。对比两组临床指标、临床疗效、月经恢复情况、并发症发生情况。结果：观察组手术时间、术中出血量、手术次数、术后出血量均短/少于对照组（P<0.05）。术后12个月观察组临床疗效（90.00%）显著高于对照组（65.00%）（P<0.05）。术后8~14个月两组的月经恢复情况均改善,观察组月经恢复情况较对照组更优（P<0.05）。观察组术后感染、子宫腺肌病、子宫穿孔、水中毒等并发症的总发生率（7.50%）低于对照组（47.50%）（P<0.05）。结论：冷刀系统联合芬吗通治疗宫腔粘连具有显著疗效,不仅对患者的危害更小,还有利于月经恢复,减少并发症,改善预后。     

CaATP inhibition of the MgATP-dependent proton pump (H+-ATPase) in bacterial photosynthetic membranes with a mechanism of alternative substrate inhibition

 The membrane-bound F1 sector of the H⁺–ATPase complex (F-type ATPase) in dark-adapted photosynthetic chromatophores is endowed with MgATP- and CaATP-dependent ATPase activities, both sensitive to inhibitors such as oligomycin and venturicidin. Because of contatamination of free Mg^{2 +} and Ca²⁺ ions in chromatophore preparations, kinetic characterization of the two hydrolitic reactions can be performed only in the presence of both substrates, using a model for two alternative substrates. The two activities are characterized by similar maximal rates and affinity constants [V_MgATP and V_CaATP: 13±1 and 10±1 nmol s^–1 ATP hydrolyzed (μmol BChl)^–1; K_MgATP and K_CaATP: 0.22±0.06 and 0.20±0.05 mm]. However, only the MgATP-dependent ATPase is coupled to Δ*_{H +} generation. In this process CaATP acts as an alternative substrate and a competitive inhibitor of the proton pump, with a K_I coincident with K_CaATP for the hydrolytic activity. This finding highlights the central role that the coordination chemistry of the ion-nucleotide complex plays in determining the proton gating mechanism at the catalytic site(s) of the enzyme complex. These results are discussed on the basis of the coordination properties of the ions and of the available information on the protein structure. Received: 5 December 1995 / Accepted: 7 March 1996     

Redox-Bohr effect in the tetrahaem cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris: a model for energy transduction mechanisms

 Using potentiometric titrations, two protons were found to participate in the redox-Bohr effect observed for cytochrome c ₃ from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough). Within the framework of the thermodynamic model previously presented, this finding supports the occurrence of a concerted proton-assisted 2e^– step, ideally suited for the coupling role of cytochrome c ₃ to hydrogenase. Furthermore, at physiological pH, it is shown that when sulfate-reducing bacteria use H₂ as energy source, cytochrome c ₃ can be used as a charge separation device, achieving energy transduction by energising protons which can be left in the acidic periplasmic side and transferring deenergised electrons to sulfate respiration. This mechanism for energy transduction, using a full thermodynamic data set, is compared to that put forward to explain the proton-pumping function of cytochrome c oxidase.     

嗜热蓝藻层理鞭枝藻（Mastigocladus laminosus）藻胆体在解离过程中荧光发射光谱和光能传递的研究

研究了层理鞭枝藻藻胆体在不同浓度磷酸缓冲溶液中解离过程中荧光发射光谱的变化和光能传递。完整藻胆体的７７Ｋ荧光光谱中只有一个峰,位于６８５ｎｍ它是末端发射体（核心－膜连接多肽和别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ）的荧光峰。部分解离藻胆体的荧光光谱的主峰位移至６５２ｎｍ：次峰位于６８５ｎｍ;６６０ｎｍ为一弱荧光发射肩。它们依次为Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白,末端发射体和别藻蓝蛋白的荧光。严重解离藻胆体的荧光主峰移６４４ｎｍ;次峰由６８５ｎｍ移至６８２ｎｍ;６６０ｎｍ荧光发射肩消失。这表明Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白所捕获的光能已不能传递给别藻蓝蛋白,但可传递给末端发射体洞时又表明Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白不仅与别藻蓝蛋白相连接而且还与末端发射体相连接。提出该藻胆体光能传递链如下：核心－膜连接多肽藻红蓝蛋白→Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白→别藻蓝蛋白别藻蓝蛋白－Ｂ     

Skeletal muscle: A paradigm for testing principles of bioenergetics

Muscular activity converts chemical energy into useful work and metabolism restores muscle to its original state. This essay explores the organization and interactions of the regulatory system(s) which allow this energy balance to occur. The term energy balance is used in a biochemical rather than a thermodynamic sense—concerned not with deductions from the physical principles of thermodynamics, but rather with those enzymatic processes which nature evolved and which operate at remarkably fixed stoichiometry. Energy balance is a statement of conservation of energy put into biochemical observables.³¹P NMR spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques for investigating these questions quantitatively under physiological conditionsin vivo. The author (1) describes the rules or principles of biochemical energy balance; (2) discusses sample results from human muscle to demonstrate its use in studying this class of questions; (3) presents a simple model of integrated cellular respiration to demonstrate its sufficiency to account for the main observations.     

Regulation of energy metabolism in liver

Energy metabolism in liver has to cope with the special tasks of this organ in intermediary metabolism. Main ATP-generating processes in the liver cell are the respiratory chain and glycolysis, whereas main ATP-consuming processes are gluconeogenesis, urea synthesis, protein synthesis, ATPases and mitochondrial proton leak. Mitochondrial respiratory chain in the intact liver cell is subject to control mainly by substrate (hydrogen donors, ADP, oxygen) transport and supply and proton leak/slip. Whereas hormonal control is mainly on substrate supply to mitochondria, proton leak/slip is supposed to play an important role in the modulation of the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation.     

Glutamate Uptake Stimulates Na+,K+-ATPase Activity in Astrocytes via Activation of a Distinct Subunit Highly Sensitive to Ouabain

Abstract: The excitatory amino acid glutamate was previously shown to stimulate aerobic glycolysis in astrocytes by a mechanism involving its uptake through an Na⁺-dependent transporter. Evidence had been provided that Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase might be involved in this process. We have now measured the activity of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase in cultured astrocytes, using ouabain-sensitive ⁸⁶Rb uptake as an index. l -Glutamate increases glial Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC₅₀ = 67 µ M . Both l - and d -aspartate, but not d -glutamate, produce a similar response, an observation that is consistent with an uptake-related effect rather than a receptor-mediated one. Under basal conditions, concentration-dependent inhibition of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity in astrocytes by ouabain indicates the presence of a single catalytic site with a low affinity for ouabain ( K _0.5 = 113 µ M ), compatible with the presence of an α₁ isozyme. On stimulation with glutamate, however, most of the increased activity is inhibited by low concentrations of ouabain ( K _0.5 = 20 n M ), thus revealing a high-affinity site akin to the α₂ isozyme. These results suggest that astrocytes possess a glutamate-sensitive isoform of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase that can be mobilized in response to increased neuronal activity.     

Net Glutamate Release from Astrocytes Is Not Induced by Extracellular Potassium Concentrations Attainable in Brain

Abstract: Elevated extracellular potassium concentration ([K⁺]_e) has been shown to induce reversal of glial Na⁺-dependent glutamate uptake in whole-cell patch clamp preparations. It is uncertain, however, whether elevated [K⁺]_e similarly induces a net glutamate efflux from intact cells with a physiological intracellular milieu. To answer this question, astrocyte cultures prepared from rat and mouse cortices were incubated in medium with elevated [K⁺]_e (by equimolar substitution of K⁺ for Na⁺), and glutamate accumulation was measured by HPLC. With [K⁺]_e elevations to 60 m M , medium glutamate concentrations did not increase during incubation periods of 5–120 min. By contrast, 45 min of combined inhibition of glycolytic and oxidative ATP production increased medium glutamate concentrations 50–100-fold. Similar results were obtained in both rat and mouse cultures. Studies were also performed using astrocytes loaded with the nonmetabolized glutamate tracer d -aspartate, and parallel results were obtained; no increase in medium d -aspartate content resulted from [K⁺]_e elevation up to 90 m M , whereas a large increase occurred during inhibition of energy metabolism. These results suggest that a net efflux of glutamate from intact astrocytes is not induced by any [K⁺]_e attainable in brain.     

Energy cost and energy sources in karate

Energy costs and energy sources in karate (wado style) were studied in eight male practitioners (age 23.8 years, mass. 72.3 kg, maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) 36.8 ml · min^–1 · kg^–1) performing six katas (formal, organized movement sequences) of increasing duration (from approximately. 10 s to approximately 80 s). Oxygen consumption (VO₂) was determined during pre-exercise rest, the exercise period and the first 270 s of recovery in five consecutive expired gas collections. A blood sample for lactate (la^–) analysis was taken 5 min after the end of exercise. The overall amount of O₂ consumed during the exercise and in the following recovery increased linearly with the duration of exercise (t) from approximately 1.51 (for t equal to 10.5 s (SD 1.6)) to approximately 5.81, for t equal to 81.5 s (SD 1.0). The energy release from la^– production (VO_21a ^–) calculated assuming that an increase of 1 mmol · l^–1 la^– corresponded to a VO₂ of 3 mlO₂ · kg^–1 was negligible for t equal to or less than 20 s and increased to 17.3 ml · kg^–1 (la^– = 5.8 mmol · l^–1 above resting values) for t equal approximately to 80 s. The overall energy requirement (VO_2eq) as given by the sum of VO₂ and VO_2la ^– was described by VO_2eq = 0.87 + 0.071 · t (n = 64; r ² = 0.91), where VO_2eq is in litres and t in seconds. This equation shows that the metabolic power (VO_2eq · t ^–1) for this karate style is very high: from approximately 9.51 · min^–1 for t equal to 10 s to approximately 4.91 · min^–1 for t equal to 80 s, i.e. from 3.5 to 1.8 times the subjects' VO_2max. The fraction of VO_2eq derived from the amount of O₂ consumed during the exercise increased from 11% for t equal to 10 s to 41 % for t equal to 80 s whereas VO_21a ^– was negligible far t equal to or less than 20 s and increased to 13 % o for t equal to 80 s. The remaining fraction (from 90% for t equal to 10 s to 46% for t equal to 80 s), corresponding to the amount of O₂ consumed in the recovery after exercise, is derived from anaerobic alactic sources, i.e. from net splitting of high energy phosphates during the exercise.     

Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of the extracellular cadmium sulfide crystallites of Klebsiella aerogenes

Klebsiella aerogenes forms electron-dense partieles on the cell surface in response to the presence of cadmium ions in the growth medium. These particles ranged from 20 to 200 nm in size, and quantitative energy dispersive X-ray analysis established that they comprise cadmium and sulfur in a 1:1 ratio. This observation leads to the conclusion that the particles are cadmium sulfide crystallites. A combination of atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and acid-labile sulfide analysis revealed that the total intracellular and bound extracellular cadmium:sulfur ratio is also 1:1, which suggests that the bulk of the cadmium is fixed as extracellular cadmium sulfide. The tolerance of K. acrogenes to cadmium ions and the formation of the cadmium sulfide crystallites were dependent on the buffer composition of the growth medium. The addition of cadmium ions to phosphate-buffered media resulted in cadmium phosphate precipitates that remove the potentially toxic cadmium ions from the growth medium. Electrondense particles formed on the surfaces of bacteria grown under these conditions were a combination of cadmium sulfide and cadmium phosphates. The specific bacterial growth rate in the exponential phase of batch cultures was not affected by up to 2mM cadmium in Tricine-buffered medium, but formation of cadmium sulfide crystallites was maximal during the stationary phase of batch culture. Cadmium tolerance was much lower (10 to 150 M) in growth media buffered with Tris, Bistris propane, Bes, Tes, or Hepes. These results illustrate the importance of considering medium composition when comparing levels of bacterial cadmium tolerance.Abbreviations EDXA Energy dispersive X-ray analysis - AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy - TEM Transmission electron microscopy - SEM Scanning electron microscopy - ICP-MS Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - ALSA Acid-labile sulfide analysis