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21.
An important component of the interaction between macroinvertebrates and leaf litter in streams in the extent to which consumers
can differentiate between undecomposed and decomposing leaves. The detritivores Gammarus pulex and Asellus aquaticus fed preferentially on conditioned rather on unconditioned leaf material. Growth in A. aquaticus was significantly reduced when unconditioned leaves were provided, but in G. pulex no significant effect of conditioning on growth was observed. The capacity of G. pulex to tolerate reductions in food quality seems to be a consequence of a compensatory system in which respiration rates change
to compensate for reductions in food quality. In this way a constant growth rate is maintained. Increases in ingestion rates
to compensate for low quality food were not observed. 相似文献
22.
Size structure of the metazoan community in a Piedmont stream 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N. LeRoy Poff Margaret A. Palmer Paul L. Angermeier Robert L. Vadas Jr. Christine C. Hakenkamp Alexa Bely Peter Arensburger Andrew P. Martin 《Oecologia》1993,95(2):202-209
We characterized the size structure of virtually the entire metazoan community in a fourth order, sandybottomed Piedmont stream during late summer. Our study, the first to sample across all habitat types and sizes of metazoans in an aquatic ecosystem, indicates that at the community level, stream size spectra may be bimodal for the benthos or trimodal when fish are included. Animals spanning 10 orders of magnitude in dry mass (from gastrotrichs to fish) were quantitatively collected from nine habitat types. The bimodal benthic size spectrum was characterized by a meiofaunal component (mostly oligochaetes and micro-crustacea) and a macrobenthic component (mostly the introduced asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea). Insects contributed little to overall standing crop. Size-specific contribution to whole-community metabolism was assessed using allometric equations for respiration, and we found a distinctly bimodal distribution across the entire metazoan size range, with peaks in the meiofaunal and benthic macrofaunal size ranges. Our bimodal benthic size spectrum is similar to that observed for marine benthos but not to other freshwater benthic systems, possibly because the entire range of habitat types and/or animal sizes were not sampled in the latter. Numerous factors may influence size spectra in stream ecosystems, including local geomorphic (habitat) conditions, water level fluctuations, species introductions, and predation processes. 相似文献
23.
E. Zebe G. Gäde 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1993,163(2):107-112
Metabolite concentrations in flight muscles and in abdomen of beetles (Pachnoda sinuata) were measured after various periods of tethered flight and subsequent rest. Three distinct phases of energy metabolism are found in active flight muscles: (1) during the first minutes of flight proline is used as main substrate and concomitantly alanine accumulated as an end product; (2) the second phase is characterized by a large-scale degradation of glycogen; (3) after about 8 min of flight the metabolite levels stabilize, while flight performance appears unchanged. After the termination of flight the preflight proline concentration (70 mol·g-1 fw) is re-established in less than 60 min, whereas restoration of resting levels of other metabolites requires longer. The pattern of maximal enzyme activities and the respiratory rates of mitochondria with different substrates confirm the significance of proline and carbohydrates as the main fuels of working flight muscles.Abbreviations CS
citrate synthetase
- Cytox
cytochrome c oxidase
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetra-acetate
- fw
fresh weight
- GluDH
glutamate dehydrogenase
- GPT
alanine aminotransferase
- HOAD
hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
- HPLC
high pressure liquid chromatography
- ME
malic enzyme
- PCA
perchloric acid
- RQ
repiratory quotient
- TRA
triethanolamine 相似文献
24.
摘要 目的:对比分析冷刀系统与宫腔镜下能量系统分别联合芬吗通治疗中重度宫腔粘连疗效。方法:选取2020年1月-2022年1月我院收治的中重度宫腔粘连患者80例为研究对象,分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40)。对照组采用宫腔镜下能量系统联合芬吗通治疗,观察组采用冷刀系统联合芬吗通治疗。对比两组临床指标、临床疗效、月经恢复情况、并发症发生情况。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、手术次数、术后出血量均短/少于对照组(P<0.05)。术后12个月观察组临床疗效(90.00%)显著高于对照组(65.00%)(P<0.05)。术后8~14个月两组的月经恢复情况均改善,观察组月经恢复情况较对照组更优(P<0.05)。观察组术后感染、子宫腺肌病、子宫穿孔、水中毒等并发症的总发生率(7.50%)低于对照组(47.50%)(P<0.05)。结论:冷刀系统联合芬吗通治疗宫腔粘连具有显著疗效,不仅对患者的危害更小,还有利于月经恢复,减少并发症,改善预后。 相似文献
25.
The membrane-bound F1 sector of the H+–ATPase complex (F-type ATPase) in dark-adapted photosynthetic chromatophores is endowed with MgATP- and CaATP-dependent ATPase
activities, both sensitive to inhibitors such as oligomycin and venturicidin. Because of contatamination of free Mg2
+ and Ca2+ ions in chromatophore preparations, kinetic characterization of the two hydrolitic reactions can be performed only in the
presence of both substrates, using a model for two alternative substrates. The two activities are characterized by similar
maximal rates and affinity constants [VMgATP and VCaATP: 13±1 and 10±1 nmol s–1 ATP hydrolyzed (μmol BChl)–1; KMgATP and KCaATP: 0.22±0.06 and 0.20±0.05 mm]. However, only the MgATP-dependent ATPase is coupled to Δ*H
+ generation. In this process CaATP acts as an alternative substrate and a competitive inhibitor of the proton pump, with a
KI coincident with KCaATP for the hydrolytic activity. This finding highlights the central role that the coordination chemistry of the ion-nucleotide
complex plays in determining the proton gating mechanism at the catalytic site(s) of the enzyme complex. These results are
discussed on the basis of the coordination properties of the ions and of the available information on the protein structure.
Received: 5 December 1995 / Accepted: 7 March 1996 相似文献
26.
Ricardo O. Louro Teresa Catarino Carlos A. Salgueiro Jean LeGall António V. Xavier 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》1996,1(1):34-38
Using potentiometric titrations, two protons were found to participate in the redox-Bohr effect observed for cytochrome c
3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough). Within the framework of the thermodynamic model previously presented, this finding supports the occurrence
of a concerted proton-assisted 2e– step, ideally suited for the coupling role of cytochrome c
3 to hydrogenase. Furthermore, at physiological pH, it is shown that when sulfate-reducing bacteria use H2 as energy source, cytochrome c
3 can be used as a charge separation device, achieving energy transduction by energising protons which can be left in the acidic
periplasmic side and transferring deenergised electrons to sulfate respiration. This mechanism for energy transduction, using
a full thermodynamic data set, is compared to that put forward to explain the proton-pumping function of cytochrome c oxidase. 相似文献
27.
研究了层理鞭枝藻藻胆体在不同浓度磷酸缓冲溶液中解离过程中荧光发射光谱的变化和光能传递。完整藻胆体的77K荧光光谱中只有一个峰,位于685nm它是末端发射体(核心-膜连接多肽和别藻蓝蛋白-B)的荧光峰。部分解离藻胆体的荧光光谱的主峰位移至652nm:次峰位于685nm;660nm为一弱荧光发射肩。它们依次为C-藻蓝蛋白,末端发射体和别藻蓝蛋白的荧光。严重解离藻胆体的荧光主峰移644nm;次峰由685nm移至682nm;660nm荧光发射肩消失。这表明C-藻蓝蛋白所捕获的光能已不能传递给别藻蓝蛋白,但可传递给末端发射体洞时又表明C-藻蓝蛋白不仅与别藻蓝蛋白相连接而且还与末端发射体相连接。提出该藻胆体光能传递链如下:核心-膜连接多肽藻红蓝蛋白→C-藻蓝蛋白→别藻蓝蛋白别藻蓝蛋白-B 相似文献
28.
M. J. Kushmerick 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1995,27(6):555-569
Muscular activity converts chemical energy into useful work and metabolism restores muscle to its original state. This essay explores the organization and interactions of the regulatory system(s) which allow this energy balance to occur. The term energy balance is used in a biochemical rather than a thermodynamic sense—concerned not with deductions from the physical principles of thermodynamics, but rather with those enzymatic processes which nature evolved and which operate at remarkably fixed stoichiometry. Energy balance is a statement of conservation of energy put into biochemical observables.31P NMR spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques for investigating these questions quantitatively under physiological conditionsin vivo. The author (1) describes the rules or principles of biochemical energy balance; (2) discusses sample results from human muscle to demonstrate its use in studying this class of questions; (3) presents a simple model of integrated cellular respiration to demonstrate its sufficiency to account for the main observations. 相似文献
29.
Regulation of energy metabolism in liver 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sibylle Soboll 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1995,27(6):571-582
Energy metabolism in liver has to cope with the special tasks of this organ in intermediary metabolism. Main ATP-generating processes in the liver cell are the respiratory chain and glycolysis, whereas main ATP-consuming processes are gluconeogenesis, urea synthesis, protein synthesis, ATPases and mitochondrial proton leak. Mitochondrial respiratory chain in the intact liver cell is subject to control mainly by substrate (hydrogen donors, ADP, oxygen) transport and supply and proton leak/slip. Whereas hormonal control is mainly on substrate supply to mitochondria, proton leak/slip is supposed to play an important role in the modulation of the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. 相似文献
30.
Net Glutamate Release from Astrocytes Is Not Induced by Extracellular Potassium Concentrations Attainable in Brain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract: Elevated extracellular potassium concentration ([K+ ]e ) has been shown to induce reversal of glial Na+ -dependent glutamate uptake in whole-cell patch clamp preparations. It is uncertain, however, whether elevated [K+ ]e similarly induces a net glutamate efflux from intact cells with a physiological intracellular milieu. To answer this question, astrocyte cultures prepared from rat and mouse cortices were incubated in medium with elevated [K+ ]e (by equimolar substitution of K+ for Na+ ), and glutamate accumulation was measured by HPLC. With [K+ ]e elevations to 60 m M , medium glutamate concentrations did not increase during incubation periods of 5–120 min. By contrast, 45 min of combined inhibition of glycolytic and oxidative ATP production increased medium glutamate concentrations 50–100-fold. Similar results were obtained in both rat and mouse cultures. Studies were also performed using astrocytes loaded with the nonmetabolized glutamate tracer d -aspartate, and parallel results were obtained; no increase in medium d -aspartate content resulted from [K+ ]e elevation up to 90 m M , whereas a large increase occurred during inhibition of energy metabolism. These results suggest that a net efflux of glutamate from intact astrocytes is not induced by any [K+ ]e attainable in brain. 相似文献