电针深刺八髎穴对脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎患者Th17/Treg细胞免疫平衡和血清炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：观察电针深刺八髎穴对脾肾阳虚型溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者的治疗效果,并探讨其作用机制。方法：选取自2020年3月~2021年2月期间天津市人民医院收治的80例脾肾阳虚型UC患者。采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组2组,各为40例,对照组接受常规西医治疗,研究组在常规西医治疗基础上联合电针深刺八髎穴治疗,对比两组患者疗效、中医证候积分、血清炎症因子水平、Th17/Treg细胞。结果：与对照组相比,研究组可进一步提高临床总有效率（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,研究组畏寒肢冷、腹部冷痛、晨起泄泻评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,研究组血清?酌-干扰素（IFN-γ）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,研究组Th17细胞水平、Th17/Treg比值低于对照组,Treg细胞水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：电针深刺八髎穴可促进脾肾阳虚型UC患者症状改善,同时该治疗方案还具有调节Th17/Treg细胞免疫平衡,降低血清炎症因子水平的作用。     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗大肠息肉的临床疗效及术后出血的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：研究内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）治疗大肠息肉的临床疗效及术后出血的影响因素。方法：将我院从2016年1月～2019年12月收治的大肠息肉患者500例纳入研究,所有患者均接受EMR治疗。分析其临床疗效以及术后出血发生情况,并对术后出血的影响因素实施单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：500例患者临床治疗总有效率为97.80%（489/500）,术后出血发生例数为17例,出血发生率为3.40%（17/500）。治疗后患者各项生活质量评分均高于治疗前（均P<0.05）。经单因素分析发现：大肠息肉患者经EMR治疗后其切除息肉数、术后进食时间、息肉外观、息肉分叶均与术后出血有关（均P<0.05）;而年龄、性别、息肉部位以及病理类型均与术后出血无关（均P>0.05）。经多因素Logistic回归分析可得：切除息肉数≥4枚、术后48 h内进食、息肉外观潮红/糜烂以及息肉分叶均是大肠息肉患者经EMR治疗后出血的危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论：EMR治疗大肠息肉患者的临床疗效较佳,可改善其生活质量,其中切除息肉数、术后进食时间、息肉外观以及息肉分叶均和术后出血有关,值得临床关注。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃间质瘤的临床疗效及术后出血的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗胃间质瘤的临床疗效及术后出血的危险因素。方法：选取2018年2月至2020年3月我院诊治的135例胃间质瘤患者作为研究对象,统计其ESD治疗后的各项临床指标,比较治疗前后患者的细胞免疫功能和胃肠激素变化,根据患者ESD治疗后是否发生出血将其进一步分为术后出血组12例和术后未出血组123例,分析胃间质瘤患者ESD术后出血的危险因素。结果：135例患者平均手术时间为（45.89±8.79）min,平均术后进食时间为（3.05±0.98）d,平均住院时间为（6.11±0.95）d,完整切除率为96.30%,术后出血发生率为8.89%,术后穿孔发生率为5.19%,术后感染发生率为9.63%。经单因素分析发现,ESD治疗胃间质瘤术后出血与高血压、糖尿病、血小板（PLT）、血清降钙素原（PCT）和C反应蛋白（CRP）有关（P<0.05）。与治疗前相比,患者治疗后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、血清胃动素（MTL）、胃泌素（GAS）和生长激素释放肽(Ghrelin)水平明显下降,而CD8⁺明显升高（P<0.05）。进一步多因素Logistic回归分析表明,胃间质瘤患者ESD术后出血的危险因素包括高血压、糖尿病、PCT＞2.73 ng/mL以及CRP＞62.19 ng/mL（P<0.05）,而保护因素则为PLT＞151.38×109/L（P<0.05）。结论：ESD治疗胃间质瘤患者的疗效确切,安全性较好,但其会引起胃间质瘤患者的细胞免疫功能和胃肠激素分泌下降。同时,高血压、糖尿病、PCT＞2.73 ng/mL和CRP＞62.19 ng/mL是胃间质瘤患者ESD术后出血的危险因素。     

Monitoring Neutralization Property Change of Evolving Hantaan and Seoul Viruses with a Novel Pseudovirus-Based Assay

The Hantaan virus(HTNV) and Seoul virus(SEOV) mutants have accumulated over time. It is important to determine whether their neutralizing epitopes have evolved, thereby making the current vaccine powerless. However, it is impossible to determine by using traditional plaque reduction neutralization test(PRNT), because it requires large numbers of live mutant strains. Pseudovirus-based neutralization assays(PBNA) were developed by employing vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV) backbone incorporated with HTNV or SEOV glycoproteins(VSVDG*-HTNVG or VSVDG*-SEOVG). 56 and 51 single amino acid substitutions of glycoprotein(GP) in HTNV and SEOV were selected and introduced into the reference plasmid. Then the mutant pseudoviruses were generated and tested by PBNA. The PBNA results were highly correlated with PRNT ones with R2 being 0.91 for VSVDG*-HTNVG and 0.82 for VSVDG*-SEOVG. 53 HTNV mutant pseudoviruses and 46 SEOV mutants were successfully generated. Importantly, by using PBNA, we found that HTNV or SEOV immunized antisera could neutralize all the corresponding 53 HTNV mutants or the 46 SEOV mutants respectively. The novel PBNA enables us to closely monitor the effectiveness of vaccines against large numbers of evolving HTNV and SEOV. And the current vaccine remains to be effective for the naturally occurring mutants.     

Robust scaling in ecosystems and the meltdown of patch size distributions before extinction

Robust critical systems are characterized by power laws which occur over a broad range of conditions. Their robust behaviour has been explained by local interactions. While such systems could be widespread in nature, their properties are not well understood. Here, we study three robust critical ecosystem models and a null model that lacks spatial interactions. In all these models, individuals aggregate in patches whose size distributions follow power laws which melt down under increasing external stress. We propose that this power-law decay associated with the connectivity of the system can be used to evaluate the level of stress exerted on the ecosystem. We identify several indicators along the transition to extinction. These indicators give us a relative measure of the distance to extinction, and have therefore potential application to conservation biology, especially for ecosystems with self-organization and critical transitions.     

再生水灌溉对黄瓜和西红柿养分元素分布特征及果实品质的影响

通过田间试验,研究再生水不同灌溉处理对黄瓜、西红柿植株各部位养分元素的分布特征及果实品质的影响.结果表明:再生水灌溉对西红柿的生长发育有促进作用,对黄瓜的生长发育有一定的抑制作用.再生水灌溉后,氮具有向植株地上部分运输的特征;钾易于在黄瓜叶片中富集,不易于在西红柿根部富集;钠主要富集在根系中,叶片中的浓度较低,不会对作物造成伤害;对各部位Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-的分配没有显著影响.再生水灌溉对黄瓜、西红柿品质无显著影响,果实中硝态氮浓度分别增加了5.3%和32.9%,但均低于国家标准限值.     

改良胃管置入法在昏迷气管切开病人护理中的应用研究

目的:探讨改良后胃管置入法在昏迷气管切开病人护理中的应用。方法:患者采取平卧位,保持头部、颈项、躯干在同一水平线上。置入胃管之前,先清理口、鼻、气管内分泌物。根据患者情况,选择合适型号硅胶胃管。操作者量好胃管置入长度后,用液体石蜡充分润滑胃管,左手托住胃管后端,右手持镊子夹住胃管前端,沿一侧鼻孔鼻中隔缓慢插入到合适距离,固定胃管。胃管末端连接注射器抽吸,如有胃液抽出,表示已插到胃内。结果:所有病例,均采用此种方法。24例病例中,一次性操作成功18例(占75.0%),4例(占16.7%)病例应用此法两次后成功置入胃管,2例(占8.3%)患者应用传统昏迷病人胃插管术三次均未获成功,改用此法后一次即成功。结论:改良胃管置入法操作简单、实用、安全,在昏迷气管切开病人护理中是促进患者早日康复的重要措施。     

DIVERGENCE IS FOCUSED ON FEW GENOMIC REGIONS EARLY IN SPECIATION: INCIPIENT SPECIATION OF SUNFLOWER ECOTYPES

Early in speciation, as populations undergo the transition from local adaptation to incipient species, is when a number of transient, but potentially important, processes appear to be most easily detected. These include signatures of selective sweeps that can point to asymmetry in selection between habitats, divergence hitchhiking, and associations of adaptive genes with environments. In a genomic comparison of ecotypes of the prairie sunflower, Helianthus petiolaris, occurring at Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (Colorado), we found that selective sweeps were mainly restricted to the dune ecotype and that there was variation across the genome in whether proximity to the nondune population constrained or promoted divergence. The major regions of divergence were few and large between ecotypes, in contrast with an interspecific comparison between H. petiolaris and a sympatric congener, Helianthus annuus. In general, the large regions of divergence observed in the ecotypic comparison swamped locus‐specific associations with environmental variables. In both comparisons, regions of high divergence occurred in portions of the genetic map with high marker density, probably reflecting regions of low recombination. The difference in genomic distributions of highly divergent regions between ecotypic and interspecific comparisons highlights the value of studies spanning the spectrum of speciation in related taxa.     

Cytotoxicity of bovine α-lactalbumin: Oleic acid complexes correlates with the disruption of lipid membranes

HAMLET/BAMLET (Human/Bovine α-Lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumors) is a tumoricidal substance composed of partially unfolded human/bovine α-lactalbumin (HLA/BLA) and several oleic acid (OA) molecules. The HAMLET mechanism of interaction involves an insufficiently understood effect on the membrane or its embedded components. We examined the effect of BLAOA (bovine α-lactalbumin complexed with oleic acid, a HAMLET-like substance) and its individual components on cells and artificial lipid membranes using viability staining and metabolic dyes, fluorescence spectroscopy, leakage integrity assays and microscopy. Our results show a dose-dependency of OA used to prepare BLAOA on its ability to induce tumor cell death, and a correlation between leakage and cell death. BLAOA incorporates into the membrane, tightens the lipid packing and lowers their solvent accessibility. Fluorescence imaging reveals that giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) develop blebs and eventually collapse upon exposure to BLAOA, indicating that the lipid packing reorganization can translate into observable morphological effects. These effects are observed to be local in GUVs, and a tightly packed and solvent-shielded lipid environment is associated with leakage and GUV disruption. Furthermore, the effects of BLAOA on membrane are pH dependent, with an optimum of activity on artificial membranes near neutral pHs. While BLA alone is effective at membrane disruption at acidic pHs, OA is ineffective in a pH range of 4.5 to 9.1. Taken together, this supports a model where the lipid, fatty acid and protein components enhance each other's ability to affect the overall integrity of the membrane.