芜湖市478名中学生生长发育的追踪研究

本文报道了 1 997年 9月—1 999年 9月对芜湖市第九中学 478名(男 2 4 5人 ,女 2 33人 )汉族中学生生长发育 3年追踪测量结果。调查指标为身高、体重、胸围和月经初潮年龄。分析了维尔维克指数 ,比较了男女间的差异并与芜湖市 1 986年数据进行了比较 ,对差异的可能原因进行了分析 ,并对当前青少年生长发育加速和性成熟提前趋势进行了讨论。     

基于SPEI指数的长江中下游流域干旱时空特征分析

基于长江中下游流域1961—2015年129个气象站点的逐日气温和降水数据,利用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),对长江中下游流域近55年年尺度及各季节干旱变化趋势、站次比、强度和频率进行了分析,并探讨了干旱和区域气温、降水变化及ENSO的关系。结果表明:(1)在区域尺度,近55年长江中下游流域年尺度、春季和秋季呈干旱化趋势,春季干旱化趋势显著;夏季和冬季呈湿润化趋势。空间变化上,对于年尺度,汉江流域、中游干流区及洞庭湖流域以干旱化趋势为主,鄱阳湖流域、下游干流区和太湖流域以湿润化趋势为主;春季和秋季分别有96.90%和92.25%的站点呈干旱化趋势;夏季和冬季分别有82.95%和72.87%的站点呈湿润化趋势。(2)年尺度、春季和秋季干旱站次比及强度均呈增加趋势,春旱站次比与强度增加趋势显著;夏季和冬季干旱站次比和强度均呈下降趋势。(3)年尺度和春季干旱频率在21世纪初均达到最高,年尺度、春季和夏季干旱频率从20世纪90年代到21世纪初均呈增加趋势。(4)春、秋季干旱化趋势与降水量的减少及气温的上升相关,夏、冬季降水量的增加使得夏、冬季呈湿润化趋势。冬季SOI和次年春季干旱相关性极显著,冬季发生拉尼娜事件时,次年春季更易发生干旱。     

肾小叶间动脉阻力指数变化在高血压患者中的临床意义

目的:分析原发性高血压患者小叶间肾动脉阻力指数(resistive index,RI)与临床指标的相关性,研究肾动脉阻力指数对高血压患者临床意义.方法:选择原发性高血压患者115例.用彩色多普勒超声仪测量肾小叶间动脉的RI,彩超检查的当天测量收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP),计算脉压(PP)、平均血压(MBP);检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)、血清尿酸(UA),估算内生肌酐清除率(Ccr);分析小叶间肾动脉RI与临床指标的相关性.结果:高血压患者小叶间肾动脉RI与Ccr、SBP、DBP、PP、年龄、高血压发病时间均有相关性.高血压分级、平均血压、BUN、Scr、UA与小叶间肾动脉RI无相关性.结论:原发性高血压患者的小叶间肾动脉RI与Ccr、SBP、DBP、PP、年龄、高血压发病时间相关,可以间接反映高血压对肾动脉的影响及全身动脉硬化的状况.     

A framework towards a composite indicator for urban ecosystem services

This article describes a composite indicator for ecosystem services. This composite is composed of several sub-indices, each representing either land use types or ecosystem services. While the overall composite indicates a general overview of the performance of a system in terms of ecosystem services provision, the sub-indices provide sources of variation. Taking into consideration potential trade-offs between making the framework complex and keeping it simple, the composite was developed on two levels. The first level, a simpler one, requires few indicators and therefore needs less data as inputs. The second level, in contrast, is more complex requiring more indicators, involving more detailed measurements, and therefore can be applied with more confidence.     

Comparing the satellite image transformation techniques for detecting and monitoring the continuous snow cover and glacier in Cilo mountain chain Turkey

In this paper, satellite image transformations (SIT) for detection and monitoring of the continuous snow covers and glaciers (SCG) were evaluated using Landsat 5 TM (30 m), Landsat 8 OLI (30 m) and RASAT (7.5 m) satellite images at a regional scale. The study was performed in two stages. Firstly, four potential SCG detection indices were produced from the 23rd of August 2013 Landsat 8 image as a Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), a Normalized Difference Snow-Ice Index (NDSII), a Normalized Difference Principle Component Snow Index (NDPCSI) and Tasseled Cap Wetness transformation (WET) as indicators of the SCG. Continuous SCG amount was obtained classifying the August 2013 RASAT satellite image using an object based classification technique as ground truth data. Kappa accuracy co-efficiency of the NDSI, NDSII, NDPCSI and WET were calculated to be 0.74, 0.76, 0.4 and 0.77 respectively. In the second stage, WET SCG maps were produced from August 1984, 2000 and 2015 Landsat images. Changes in the two time periods (1984–2000 and 2000–2015) showed that total SCG loss was 247 ha from August 1984 to August 2015. Almost 47% of the SCG loss recorded in the region in 31 years. The highest loss was observed in the 1st period (198 ha). However, only 49 ha SCG loss was detected in the 2nd period although the 5 year mean temperature changes were found to be similar both in the 1st and 2nd period. Because the most sensitive SCG areas (regions that are located at a lower slope and thus receive more sunlight) had melted in the 1st period. Finally, physical variables were more significant than temperature in the 2nd period for the stability of SCG in the study area.     

Decreased Bioenergetic Health Index in monocytes isolated from the pericardial fluid and blood of post-operative cardiac surgery patients

Monitoring the bioenergetics of leucocytes is now emerging as an important approach in translational research to detect mitochondrial dysfunction in blood or other patient samples. Using the mitochondrial stress test, which involves the sequential addition of mitochondrial inhibitors to adherent leucocytes, we have calculated a single value, the Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI), which represents the mitochondrial function in cells isolated from patients. In the present report, we assess the BHI of monocytes isolated from the post-operative blood and post-operative pericardial fluid (PO-PCF) from patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Analysis of the bioenergetics of monocytes isolated from patients’ PO-PCF revealed a profound decrease in mitochondrial function compared with monocytes isolated from their blood or from healthy controls. Further, patient blood monocytes showed no significant difference in the individual energetic parameters from the mitochondrial stress test but, when integrated into the BHI evaluation, there was a significant decrease in BHI compared with healthy control monocytes. These data support the utility of BHI measurements in integrating the individual parameters from the mitochondrial stress test into a single value. Supporting our previous finding that the PO-PCF is pro-oxidant, we found that exposure of rat cardiomyocytes to PO-PCF caused a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings support the hypothesis that integrated measures of bioenergetic health could have prognostic and diagnostic value in translational bioenergetics.     

中国种子植物特有属的生物多样性和特征

生物多样性是当今世界生物环境研究中的重要课题,植物区系研究可为之做出贡献。本文根据文献和调查资料,运用统计和比较分析法,以属的丰富度和相似性系数为指标,研究全国及各省区中国种子植物特有属的多样性,得出６点结论,找到８个分布多度中心。中国种子植物特有属计有２６９属,含５５１种６０变种,占全国同类属数８．９％。归７８科,以热带科居多,中国特有８科。云南省的丰富度最大,有１３０属１９０多种,朝各方向递减,至秦岭─江下游以北显著降低。陕－甘和浙－赣的相似性系数最高,达８０％─９０％,南方各省间一般较高至极高（３０％－８０％）,北方各省间一般较低至很低（３０％─１％）,新疆、海南等与若干省无联系。还说明它们的区系特征及多样性变化的地理原因。为进一步研究中国植物区系和保护物种资源提供了依据。     

中国东部南北样带主要植被类型物候期的变化

植被物候期的变化是全球变化研究的热点问题, 因为物候过程是反映植被对气候变化响应的最直接和最敏感的生态学过程之一, 大尺度植被物候学过程主要以植被的季节动态体现其对气候变化的长期适应过程。基于NOAA/AVHRR从1982年至2006年的双周归一化植被指数NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)数据, 依托中国东部南北样带, 对主要植被类型的物候过程进行模拟, 并计算了主要物候现象(包括返青起始期、休眠起始期和生长季长度)的发生时间和演变趋势。结果表明: 返青起始期显著提前的植被有温带针叶林(TCF, 0.56 d·a^-1)、温带草丛(TG, 0.66 d·a^-1)、亚热带热带针叶林(STCF, 0.46 d·a^-1)、亚热带落叶阔叶林(SDBF, 0.58 d·a^-1)和亚热带热带草丛(STG, 0.89 d·a^-1); 休眠起始期显著推迟的植被有寒温带温带针叶林(TCTCF, 0.32 d·a^-1)、SDBF (0.80 d·a^-1)和温带落叶阔叶林(TDBF, 0.18 d·a^-1); 此外, 大部分植被类型的生长季长度都有所延长, 但延长的方式不同: TCF (0.77 d·a^-1)是由于返青起始期显著提前造成的; TCTCF (0.38 d·a^-1)和TDBF (0.36 d·a^-1)是由于休眠起始期显著推迟造成的; TG (0.76 d·a^-1)、STCF (0.83 d·a^-1)、SDBF (1.40 d·a^-1)和STG (1.30 d·a^-1)等是由于返青起始期提前和休眠起始期推迟共同造成的。对温度和降水的变化进行分析发现, 温度对南北样带上植被物候的影响较大, 而降水对物候的影响相对较小, 不同植被类型对温度的响应各异。在南北样带上存在的热量梯度, 使得整条样带上植被的物候现象也表现出时间梯度, 从返青起始期发生的时间上比较, 从北向南逐渐推迟, 即寒温带植被>温带植被>亚热带植被; 休眠起始期和生长季长度则正好相反, 亚热带植被>温带植被>寒温带植被。     

Genetic variation in Aechmea winkleri,a bromeliad from an inland Atlantic rainforest fragment in Southern Brazil

We investigated the genetic diversity and structure of Aechmea winkleri Reitz, an endemic bromeliad found in Southern Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Seven nuclear microsatellite markers were used to analyze 162 samples from four localities sampled throughout the entire geographic distribution of the species. Results indicate relatively high levels of genetic diversity with an average of allelic richness of 3.57, and observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.559 and 0.608, respectively. The within-inbreeding coefficient was low, ranging from −0.011 to 0.094. All localities significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with three of them showing heterozygosites deficiency. Most of the genetic variation (96.64%) was found within localities. No reduction in population size (bottleneck) was detected. Low levels of genetic differentiation among localities were found with pairwise F_ST comparisons varying from 0.021 to 0.075. Bayesian analyses revealed that A. winkleri is composed by two genetic groups. The number of migrants per generation was high (>1), which maintain localities' cohesion and gene flow. Despite genetic erosion was not detected in the present study, our results revealed that the four localities sampled actually represent one population, the only known so far in nature. Management strategies for A. winkleri conservation should be undertaken as it is an endemic species which occurs in a biome that has gone through major deforestation and fragmentation. This would avoid the increase of inbreeding rates and the loss of genetic diversity.