血凝法的生物载体选择与处理

用ＨＢｓＡｇＲＰＨＡ做为模式,选用羊、火鸡、鹅、人Ｏ型血球为载体,醛化后分成致敏和不致敏两种,与异嗜性抗体、中国生物制品药品检定所的参比品等作凝集试验。结果表明,无论特异性还是灵敏度都以人Ｏ型血球为最佳。在此基础上,设计了五种醛化方法处理人Ｏ型血球,共得出１８个醛化样品,经７３种不同的比较试验,筛选出最佳醛化方法为改良丙酮醛──甲醛法,采用该法醛化后血球为褐色,阴性血清和空白对照背景清晰,血球沉集点致密,下滑程度好。致敏抗—ＨＢｓＭｃＡｂ后,使ＨＢｓＡｇ灵敏度达到１～２ｎｇ／ｍｌ。为制备高质量的血凝试剂提供了最佳载体。     

不同生境区稻田节肢动物群落相似性分析

根据不同生境区稻田节肢动物群落系统调查结果,应用组平均聚类分析法及主成分分析法,讨论节肢动物群落的相似（相异）性问题。结果表明：生境条件及管理措施的差异对群落的结构影响较为明显,不同生境区的稻田节肢动物群落,都能在一定距离取值时聚合成一类,而水稻品种对此影响较小。主成分分析结果由二维图表达已基本满足要求。结果说明大八镇生境区稻田节肢动物群落与岗列镇生境区稻田节肢动物群落差异较大,分别列于两个极端。海陵镇生境区稻田介于两者之间,而与岗列镇生境区稻田节肢动物群落重叠。与聚类分析结果有所差异。这可能与主成分分析法损失部分信息有关。     

Bifurcation analysis of periodic SEIR and SIR epidemic models

The bifurcations of the periodic solutions of SEIR and SIR epidemic models with sinusoidally varying contact rate are investigated. The analysis is carried out with respect to two parameters: the mean value and the degree of seasonality of the contact rate. The corresponding portraits in the two-parameter space are obtained by means of a numerical continuation method. Codimension two bifurcations (degenerate flips and cusps) are detected, and multiple stable modes of behavior are identified in various regions of the parameter space. Finally, it is shown how the parametric portrait of the SEIR model tends to that of the SIR model when the latent period tends to zero.     

Measurement of k(L)a by dynamic pressure method in pilot-plant fermentor

The dynamic pressure method (DPM) is used for measurement of k(L)a in a 1-m(3) pilot scale fermentor in coalescing (distilled water) and noncoalescing (0.3 M Na(2)SO(4) aqueous solution) batches. The method consists in recording oxygen concentration in a batch after a small pressure change (20 kPa) in the fermentor. The upward pressure change is brought about by temporary closing and subsequent throttling of outlet gas stream and the downward change by full reopening of the gas outlet. Absorption of pure oxygen yields the same k(L)a values as absorption of air. In noncoalescing batch, the downward k(L)a values are always higher than the upward values owing to spontaneous nucleation of bubbles. The experiments performed in a stirred cell confirm this behavior. Thus, only upward pressure change should be used for measurement. The correlation of k(L)a data measured in small (18-L) and large (1000-L) vessels based on power dissipated and superficial gas velocity are in a good agreement. Unlike the DPM, the classical dynamic methods yield, under the same conditions, excessively low values of k(L)a (the dynamic startup method) or fail to produce data at all (the dynamic method with interchange of air for N(2)). (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The posterior probability distribution of alignments and its application to parameter estimation of evolutionary trees and to optimization of multiple alignments

How to sample alignments from their posterior probability distribution given two strings is shown. This is extended to sampling alignments of more than two strings. The result is first applied to the estimation of the edges of a given evolutionary tree over several strings. Second, when used in conjunction with simulated annealing, it gives a stochastic search method for an optimal multiple alignment.Correspondence to: L. Allison     

New technique in optical resolutions

The present paper illustrates the development of an advanced technique in optical resolution. Both of the amphetamine enantiomers can be obtained by a two-step distillation in nearly quantitative yield without any loss of the resolving agent. It is proved that the second-order interactions (H-bond) are sufficient for separation of enantiomers by distillation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The effect of growth form on the evaporation in some subalpine mosse

In order to evaluate the importance of growth of mosses in controlling evaporative water loss, the evaporation rates of some subalpine moss species of various growth forms were compared with each other. The growth forms of the xerophytic species examined were large cushion and compact mat, while those of the mesophytic species in the coniferous forest floor were smooth mat, weft and tall turf. The evaporation rate per moss dry weight (Ew) was much smaller in the xerophytic species than in the mesophytic species. However, the evaporation rate per basal area of moss colony (Ea) was not necessarily smaller in the xerophytic species. The relation between Ea and dry weight per basal area of the colony (Wa) had a close correlation with the growth form. It was concluded that the difference in the evaporation rate per weight between the exerophytic species and the mesophytic species was largely due to the difference in Wa, and that the growth forms of the xerophytic species were suitable for increasing Wa without increasing surface roughness.     

热带林茎流收集及计算方法探索

热带林茎流收集及计算方法探索周光益,吴仲民,李意德,陈步峰（中国林科院热带林业研究所,广州５１０５２０）ＣｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＣａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎＭｅｔｈｏｄｓｆｏｒＳｔｅｍｆｌｏｗｉｎＴｒｏｐｉｃａｌＦｏｒｅｓｔ．￥ＺｈｏｕＧｕａｎｇｙｉ;Ｗ...     

Analytical study of the effects of some soil and plant parameters on root growth due to absorption of one mobile ion: A free-boundary model

The object of our study is: a model for root growth through a free-boundary problem and the effects resulting from differences in nutrient availability and transport of only one mobile nutrient between the root surface and the rhizosphere produced by an absorption Michaelis-Menten for low and high concentrations. The model equations are solved by two methods: the quasi-stationary method and the balance integral method. The numerical solutions are used to compute radial root growth. Curves of nutrient concentration at the root-soil interface, curve as a function of root radius as well as curves representing root radius as a function of time are plotted. The parameters which are varied are the root absorption power, flux velocity at the root surface, efflux, rhizosphere radius, diffusion coefficient, buffer power, and maximum influx. The two methods show the theoretical results for radial root growth in the range of low and high concentrations. The balance integral method provides more detailed information.     

Bayesian analysis of linkage between genetic markers and quantitative trait loci. I. Prior knowledge

Summary Prior information on gene effects at individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) and on recombination rates between marker loci and QTL is derived. The prior distribution of QTL gene effects is assumed to be exponential with major effects less likely than minor ones. The prior probability of linkage between a marker and another single locus is a function of the number and length of chromosomes, and of the map function relating recombination rate to genetic distance among loci. The prior probability of linkage between a marker locus and a quantitative trait depends additionally on the number of detectable QTL, which may be determined from total additive genetic variance and minimum detectable QTL effect. The use of this prior information should improve linkage tests and estimates of QTL effects.