布南色林联合团体心理治疗慢性精神分裂症的疗效及对认知功能、社会功能和服药依从性的影响

摘要 目的：探讨布南色林联合团体心理治疗慢性精神分裂症（SZ）的疗效,分析其对认知功能、社会功能和服药依从性的影响。方法：选取124例慢性SZ患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组口服布南色林治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加以团体心理治疗,疗程均为2个月。治疗后,采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）和临床疗效总评量表-疾病严重程度（CGI-SI）评估两组患者治疗后的疗效,采用威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）评估两组患者治疗前后的认知功能,采用个人和社会功能量表（PSP）评估两组患者治疗前后的社会功能,评定两组患者治疗后的服药依从性。结果：治疗后,两组患者PANSS阳性症状、阴性症状、一般精神病理评分以及总评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者CGI-SI评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者WCST总应答数评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者PSP总评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组服药依从性优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：布南色林联合团体心理治疗较单一布南色林治疗慢性SZ的治疗效果更好,能更好地提高患者的认知功能、社会功能以及服药依从性,值得临床借鉴推广。     

阿仑膦酸钠与钙尔奇D分别联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症的疗效对比研究

摘要 目的：对比阿仑膦酸钠与钙尔奇D分别联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并骨质疏松症的疗效。方法：选取我院于2016年4月~2019年1月期间收治的109例T2DM合并骨质疏松症患者,根据乱数表法将患者分为钙尔奇D组（n=54,钙尔奇D）和阿仑膦酸钠组（n=55,阿仑膦酸钠）。比较两组患者临床疗效、血糖指标、骨代谢相关指标、腰椎L2~L4及股骨颈的骨密度值。结果：阿仑膦酸钠组治疗1个月后的临床总有效率为83.64%（46/55）,高于钙尔奇D组的62.96%（34/54）（P<0.05）。两组治疗1个月后腰椎L2~ L4、股骨颈的骨密度值均升高,且阿仑膦酸钠组高于钙尔奇D组（P<0.05）。两组治疗1个月后骨钙素（BGP）升高,且阿仑膦酸钠组高于钙尔奇D组（P<0.05）;血清I型胶原C末端肽（s-CTX）、碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、人抗酒石酸酸性膦酸酶 5b（TRAP-5b）则降低,且阿仑膦酸钠组低于钙尔奇D组（P<0.05）。两组治疗1个月后空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）均降低（P<0.05）,但两组治疗1个月后组间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异（P >0.05）。结论：与钙尔奇D联合二甲双胍治疗比较,阿仑膦酸钠联合二甲双胍治疗T2DM合并骨质疏松症患者,疗效显著,可有效改善骨代谢指标及骨密度,且不影响降糖效果,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

食管癌调强放射治疗的初期疗效及急性放射性肺损伤的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨食管癌调强放射治疗的初期疗效及急性放射性肺损伤的影响因素。方法：选取2015年1月-2019年1月在我院进行调强放射治疗的食管癌患者322例,评价食管癌调强放射治疗后一个月的疗效;按照是否发生急性放射性肺损伤（RILI）分为急性RILI组和无急性RILI组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析分析急性RILI的影响因素。结果：调强放射治疗的完全缓解和部分缓解的患者占98.45%;322例患者中90例（27.95%）出现急性RILI,其中36例（11.18%）出现2级及以上的急性RILI;急性RILI组和无急性RILI组间卡氏（KPS）评分、淋巴结转移、基础肺疾病、V5、V10、V20、V30和全肺平均剂量（MLD）差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,KPS评分<80分、有淋巴结转移、有基础肺疾病,V5≥60%、V10≥40%、V20≥28%、V30≥20%和MLD≥10Gy是食管癌调强放射治疗后急性放射性肺损伤的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：使用调强放射治疗技术治疗食管癌的初期疗效较好,治疗过程中,应充分考虑病患的临床特征,优化放疗方案和靶区,减少急性RILI的发生,提高食管癌患者放疗后的生存质量。     

Comparison of forest above‐ground biomass from dynamic global vegetation models with spatially explicit remotely sensed observation‐based estimates

Gaps in our current understanding and quantification of biomass carbon stocks, particularly in tropics, lead to large uncertainty in future projections of the terrestrial carbon balance. We use the recently published GlobBiomass data set of forest above‐ground biomass (AGB) density for the year 2010, obtained from multiple remote sensing and in situ observations at 100 m spatial resolution to evaluate AGB estimated by nine dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). The global total forest AGB of the nine DGVMs is 365 ± 66 Pg C, the spread corresponding to the standard deviation between models, compared to 275 Pg C with an uncertainty of ~13.5% from GlobBiomass. Model‐data discrepancy in total forest AGB can be attributed to their discrepancies in the AGB density and/or forest area. While DGVMs represent the global spatial gradients of AGB density reasonably well, they only have modest ability to reproduce the regional spatial gradients of AGB density at scales below 1000 km. The 95th percentile of AGB density (AGB₉₅) in tropics can be considered as the potential maximum of AGB density which can be reached for a given annual precipitation. GlobBiomass data show local deficits of AGB density compared to the AGB₉₅, particularly in transitional and/or wet regions in tropics. We hypothesize that local human disturbances cause more AGB density deficits from GlobBiomass than from DGVMs, which rarely represent human disturbances. We then analyse empirical relationships between AGB density deficits and forest cover changes, population density, burned areas and livestock density. Regression analysis indicated that more than 40% of the spatial variance of AGB density deficits in South America and Africa can be explained; in Southeast Asia, these factors explain only ~25%. This result suggests TRENDY v6 DGVMs tend to underestimate biomass loss from diverse and widespread anthropogenic disturbances, and as a result overestimate turnover time in AGB.     

Determination of inflection points of CyberKnife dose profiles within acceptability criteria of deviations in measurements

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the Inflection Points (IPs) of flattening filter free (FFF) CyberKnife dose profiles for cone-based streotactic radiotherapy. In addition, dosimetric field sizes were determined.BackgroundThe increased need for treatment in the early stages of cancer necessitated the treatment of smaller tumors. However, efforts in that direction required the modeling accuracy of the beam. Removal of the flattening filter (FF) from the path of x-ray beam has provided the solution to those efforts, but required a different normalization approach for the beam to ensure the delivery of the dose accurately. As a solution, researchers proposed a normalization factor based on IPs.Materials and methodsMeasurements using microDiamond (PTW 60019), Diode SRS (PTW 60018) and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations of dose profiles were completed at SAD 80 cm and 5 cm depth for 15–60 mm cones. Performance analysis of detectors with respect to MC calculation was carried out. Gamma evaluation method was used to determine achievable acceptability criteria for FFF CyberKnife beams.ResultsAcceptability within (3%–0.5 mm) was found to be anachievable criterion for all dose profile measurements of the cone beams used in this study. To determine the IP, the first and second derivatives of the dose profile were determined via the cubic spline interpolation technique.ConclusionDerivatives of the interpolated profiles showed that locations of IPs and 50% isodose points coincide.     

Detailed evaluation of Mobius3D dose calculation accuracy for volumetric-modulated arc therapy

PurposeTo perform a detailed evaluation of dose calculation accuracy and clinical feasibility of Mobius3D. Of particular importance, multileaf collimator (MLC) modeling accuracy in the Mobius3D dose calculation algorithm was investigated.MethodsMobius3D was fully commissioned by following the vendor-suggested procedures, including dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) optimization. The DLG optimization determined an optimal DLG correction factor which minimized the average difference between calculated and measured doses for 13 patient volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. Two sets of step-and-shoot plans were created to examine MLC and off-axis open fields modeling accuracy of the Mobius3D dose calculation algorithm: MLC test set and off-axis open field test set. The test plans were delivered to MapCHECK for the MLC tests and an ionization chamber for the off-axis open field test, and these measured doses were compared to Mobius3D-calculated doses.ResultsThe mean difference between the calculated and measured doses across the 13 VMAT plans was 0.6% with an optimal DLG correction factor of 1.0. The mean percentage of pixels passing gamma from a 3%/1 mm gamma analysis for the MLC test set was 43.5% across the MLC tests. For the off-axis open field tests, the Mobius3D-calculated dose for 1.5 cm square field was −4.6% lower than the chamber-measured dose.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that Mobius3D has dose calculation uncertainties for small fields and MLC tongue-and-groove design is not adequately taken into consideration in Mobius3D. Careful consideration of DLG correction factor, which affects the resulting dose distributions, is required when commissioning Mobius3D for patient-specific QA.     

Evaluation of oil dispersion formulation of nematophagus fungus,Pochonia chlamydosporia against root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber

Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is considered as one of the major non-insect pests of crops. The management of these root feeders becomes highly challenging due to a strong host-parasitic relationship. Pochonia chlamydosporia is a nematophagus fungus that colonizes eggs of nematodes. This study aimed to test the efficacy of P. chlamydosporia (NAIMCC-SF0039) against M. incognita. An oil dispersion formulation of P. chlamydosporia was prepared using emulsifiers and vegetable oil. This formulation had a shelf-life of 90 days (3.3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) at room temperature (28 ± 1 °C). The inhibitory effect of oil formulation was tested against M. incognita by inoculating it on the egg mass. We found that colonization of the gelatinous matrix occurred on the third day of inoculation followed by complete egg parasitization on the seventh day. A greenhouse trial was laid out to evaluate the biocontrol potential of P. chlamydosporia in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The results showed that the application of talc formulation of P. chlamydosporia at the rate of 1 kg per acre during planting, followed by delivery of 1 L of oil dispersion formulation through drip lines at 30-day intervals caused the highest reduction of nematode infestation. This treatment recorded 67.9 and 57.5% reduction in egg masses and soil nematode population respectively than that of control.     

基于组合评价法的湖南省农业可持续发展区域分异

从农业资源与环境、农业生产与经济、农业人口与社会3个评价维度构建了区域农业可持续发展指标体系, 运用主成分分析法、熵值法、模糊Borda法、因子分析法及聚类分析法和GIS技术, 通过组合评价方法定量研究湖南省农业可持续发展区域分异现状。结果表明: 湖南省农业可持续发展在区域上总体呈现出不平衡的发展状态, 农业可持续发展综合水平以长株潭城市群为核心, 由东至西递减; 农业人口与社会可持续发展水平南北低中部高, 东部强西部弱; 农业生产与经济可持续发展水平围绕湘北洞庭湖农业区和湘南农业综合区向外围递减; 农业资源与环境可持续发展水平表现为一横两纵优势带和南北两个落后圈。     

Discovery of a potent and selective adenylyl cyclase type 8 agonist by docking-based virtual screening

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs), which are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), play a critical role in cell signal transduction. In this study, a combined approach involving docking-based virtual screening, with the combination of homology modeling followed by an in-vitro, and cell-based biological assay have been performed for discovering a class of novel potent and selective isoform adenylyl cyclase type 8 (AC8) agonist. The computer-aided virtual screening was used to identify fourteen virtual cluster compounds as potential hits which were further subjected to rigorous bioassays. A novel hit compound VHC-7 (ethyl 3-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-oxoindoline-3-carboxylate) was identified as a highly potent selective AC8 agonist with EC₅₀ value of 0.1052 ± 0.038 µM. Remarkably, the molecule herein reported can be explored further to discover greater number of hit compounds with better pharmacokinetic properties as well as to serve as a promising novel hit agonist of AC8 for the treatment of various central nervous system disorders and its associated diseases.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-benzylcoumarin-imidazolium salts

A series of novel 3-benzylcoumarin-imidazolium salts were prepared and evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines. The results showed that the existence of 5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazole ring and substitution of the imidazolyl-3-position with a naphthylacyl group were vital for modulating cytotoxic activity. Notably, compound 38 was found to be the most potent derivative with IC₅₀ values of 2.04–4.51 μM against five human tumor cell lines, while compound 34 were more selective to SW-480 cell lines with IC₅₀ value 40.0-fold lower than DDP. Mechanism of action studies indicated that compound 38 can cause the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cell lines.