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991.
M.?I.?RajokaEmail author Amber?Yasmeen 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2005,21(4):471-478
Summary Wild-type cultures of Aspergillus niger produced a basal level of β-fructofuranosidase on glucose of 1 IU l−1 h−1. In contrast, a catabolite-derepressed mutant strain of the same organism produced a markedly higher level (25 IU l−1 h−1) of this enzyme when grown on the same carbon source. Wheat bran induced both the wild type (252 IU l−1 h−1) and the mutant strain (516 IU l−1 h−1) to produce 252- to 516-fold higher levels of this enzyme than was observed with the wild-type grown on glucose and was the best carbon source. When corn steep liquor served as a nitrogen source, the wild-type organism showed a higher activity of enzyme on monosaccharides and disaccharides comparable to that produced by corncobs in the basal medium and that mutant was a potentially improved (> 2-fold) organism for the production of β-fructofuranosidase on all carbon sources. Enhanced substrate consumption and product formation kinetic parameters suggest that the mutant organism may be exploited for bulk production of this useful enzyme. 相似文献
992.
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (holo-GAPDH) from Palinurus versicolor was crystallized in a novel crystal form by the method of sitting-drop vapor diffusion. The crystals have space group P4212, cell parameters a=15.49 nm, c=8.03 nm and two subunits per asymmetric unit. The crystal structure at 0.34 nm was determined by the molecular replacement method. The final model has crystallographic Rfree and R factors of 0.274 and 0.262, and r.m.s. deviations of 0.002 nm for bond lengths and 2.33?for bond angles. The two subunits in asymmetric unit are similar to each other not only in the three-dimensional structure, but also in average temperature factors. This result demonstrates that the obvious difference in average temperature factors for the different subunits in C2 crystal form reported previously may be attributed to the different crystallographic environments of the subunits. This further supports that holo-GAPDH has a good 222 molecular symmetry. 相似文献
993.
994.
肠道微生物在昆虫的食物消化、免疫防御中发挥重要作用,但目前对昆虫肠道真菌了解不多。本研究以重要林业害虫—思茅松毛虫Dendrolimu kikuchii Matsumura为材料,分离鉴定其幼虫中的肠道真菌。采用传统微生物分离纯培养的方法从思茅松毛虫4龄幼虫肠道样品中分离肠道真菌,运用ITS序列分析鉴定,并对其产酶活性初步研究。经同源序列比对分析,思茅松毛虫4龄幼虫肠道中共分离得到12株真菌,分别属于德巴利酵母属Debaryomyces sp.,拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis sp.,青霉属Penicillium sp.,弯担菌属Curvibasidium sp.。产酶活性研究表明8株菌产纤维素酶,9株菌产淀粉酶,7株菌产脂肪酶,2株菌产蛋白酶。DKF-8产淀粉酶能力最高,酶活力是60.907 U/mL。DKF-10产纤维素酶能力最高,酶活力是14.276 U/g,菌株DKF-6产蛋白酶活力是5.561 U/mL,菌株DKF-8产蛋白酶酶活力是2.918 U/mL。思茅松毛虫4龄幼虫肠道真菌物种丰富度较低。本实验为未来深入研究思茅松毛虫肠道微生物功能提供了菌株材料。 相似文献
995.
目的:探讨丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注(cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R)损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法:采用大鼠脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral arteryocclusion,MCAO)2 h再灌注24 h模型。实验终末,检测脑梗死面积,脑水肿以及评价神经功能损伤,并进一步分析脑组织中三种抗氧化酶的活性水平。结果:与模型组相比,丹酚酸A组大鼠脑梗死面积显著减少(P0.05),水肿程度显著减轻(P0.05),神经功能学评分显著下降(P0.05)。模型组再灌注24 h后,SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著下降(P0.05);丹酚酸A组SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性则显著升高(P0.05)。结论:丹酚酸A对大鼠CI/R损伤具有保护作用,可能与CI/R损伤时的脑组织SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著升高相关。 相似文献
996.
To understand the functions of antioxidant enzymes during leaf development in sweetpotato, we investigated the activities
of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase
(CAT). Significant increases were observed in the activities of SOD, POX and APX during the late stage of leaf development,
whereas CAT activity increased during the early developmental stage. By RT-PCR analysis, various POX and APX genes showed
differential expression patterns during leaf development. Four POX genes swpa3, swpa4, swpa6, swpb4 and one APX gene swAPX1 exhibited high levels of gene expression during the senescence stage of leaf development, but two POX genes, swpa1 and swpa7 were preferentially expressed at both the mature green and the late senescence stages of leaf development. These results
indicate that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-related antioxidant enzymes are differentially regulated in the process of leaf development of sweetpotato. 相似文献
997.
Highly efficient antibody immobilization is extremely crucial for the development of high-performance polymeric microdevices for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this article, a site-selective tyrosinase (TR)-catalyzed protein A strategy for antibody immobilization was developed to enhance the sensitivity of ELISA in poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microchannels for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assay. To effectively immobilize the target antibodies, oxygen plasma was first used to activate the inert PMMA. This is followed by poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) coating, an amine-containing functional polymer. For comparison, protein A was also immobilized through the commonly used amine-glutaraldehyde (GA) chemistry. Oxygen plasma treatment effectively increased the amount of PEI attachment and subsequent binding efficiency of the primary antibody. The antibody immobilized via TR-catalyzed protein A was able to provide much better specific antigen capture efficiency than GA chemistry due to the optimal spacing and orientation. Consequently, by using this new method, the detection signal and the signal-to-noise ratio of the ELISA immunoassay in microdevices were all significantly improved. In comparison to the standard assay carried out in the 96-well microtiter plate, the treated microchannels exhibited a broader detection range and a shorter detection time. And the detection limit was also decreased to 20 pg/mL, much lower than that obtained in other microdevices. 相似文献
998.
Takafumi Kawanami Masao Miyakoshi Tohru Dairi Nobuya Itoh 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2002,398(1):94-100
The reaction mechanism of the Co2+-activated bromoperoxidase-esterase of Pseudomonas putida IF-3 was studied. Site-directed mutagenesis suggested that the serine residue of the catalytic triad conserved in serine hydrolases participates in the bromination and ester hydrolysis reactions. The enzyme released a trace amount of free peracetic acid depending on the concentration of H2O2, which had been considered the intermediate in the reaction of nonmetal haloperoxidases to oxidize halide ions to hypohalous acid. However, the formation of free peracetic acid could not explain the enzyme activation effect by Co2+ ions which completely depleted the free peracetic acid. In addition, the kcat value of the enzymatic bromination was 900-fold higher than the rate constant of free peracetic acid-mediated bromination. Those results strongly suggested that the peracetic acid-like intermediate formed at the catalytic site is the true intermediate and that the formation of free peracetic acid is only a minor reaction involving the enzyme. We propose the possible reaction mechanism of this multifunctional enzyme based on these findings. 相似文献
999.
Drought consistently alters the composition of soil fungal and bacterial communities in grasslands from two continents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Raúl Ochoa‐Hueso Scott L. Collins Manuel Delgado‐Baquerizo Kelly Hamonts William T. Pockman Robert L. Sinsabaugh Melinda D. Smith Alan K. Knapp Sally A. Power 《Global Change Biology》2018,24(7):2818-2827
The effects of short‐term drought on soil microbial communities remain largely unexplored, particularly at large scales and under field conditions. We used seven experimental sites from two continents (North America and Australia) to evaluate the impacts of imposed extreme drought on the abundance, community composition, richness, and function of soil bacterial and fungal communities. The sites encompassed different grassland ecosystems spanning a wide range of climatic and soil properties. Drought significantly altered the community composition of soil bacteria and, to a lesser extent, fungi in grasslands from two continents. The magnitude of the fungal community change was directly proportional to the precipitation gradient. This greater fungal sensitivity to drought at more mesic sites contrasts with the generally observed pattern of greater drought sensitivity of plant communities in more arid grasslands, suggesting that plant and microbial communities may respond differently along precipitation gradients. Actinobateria, and Chloroflexi, bacterial phyla typically dominant in dry environments, increased their relative abundance in response to drought, whereas Glomeromycetes, a fungal class regarded as widely symbiotic, decreased in relative abundance. The response of Chlamydiae and Tenericutes, two phyla of mostly pathogenic species, decreased and increased along the precipitation gradient, respectively. Soil enzyme activity consistently increased under drought, a response that was attributed to drought‐induced changes in microbial community structure rather than to changes in abundance and diversity. Our results provide evidence that drought has a widespread effect on the assembly of microbial communities, one of the major drivers of soil function in terrestrial ecosystems. Such responses may have important implications for the provision of key ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, and may result in the weakening of plant–microbial interactions and a greater incidence of certain soil‐borne diseases. 相似文献
1000.
L.-J. Ou W.-J. Li L.-F. Tian Z. Chen X.-J. Dai L.-X. Deng Y.-L. Qiu H. Li P. Liu M.-Z. Liang S. Luan L.-B. Chen 《Photosynthetica》2008,46(4):589-594
Biao 810S is a chlorina mutant of the thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice. We compared photosynthetic characteristics of these two lines.
The contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids in Biao 810S were approximately half of those in 810S. However, the net photosynthetic
rate (P
N) of Biao 810S was higher than that of 810S under high irradiance or low concentration of carbon dioxide, and the photon quantum
efficiency was higher than that of 810S. The activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Biao 810S was
only 69.80 % of that in 810S, but the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-malic enzyme were 79.50 and 69.06 % higher than those of 810S, respectively, suggesting that
the efficiency of photon energy utilization in Biao 810S was enhanced by reduction of thermal dissipation and increase of
electron transfer rate to generate sufficient assimilation power for the dark reactions. Consequently, the increased activities
of C4 photosynthetic enzymes lead to more effective fixation of CO2 and the synergistic effect of light and dark reactions contributed to the higher P
N of Biao 810S. 相似文献