早期规范康复训练在缺血性脑卒中患者中的应用价值

目的:研究早期规范康复训练在缺血性脑卒中患者的临床应用价值.方法:160例缺血性脑卒中患者分为观察组和对照组各80例,两组患者均采用常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上进行72小时内进行康复训练,对照组在15～30天左右进行康复训练,观察两组患者临床神经功能缺损程度采,日常生活活动能力及肢体运动功能的改善情况.结果:两组患者治疗前神经功能缺损程度,日常生活活动能力及肢体运动功能差异无明显的统计学意义(P＞0.05),经过康复训练两组患者各项功能均较治疗前有明显的提高,并且观察组提高水平明显高于对照组,差异具有明显的统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:早期与晚期康复均可促进缺血性脑卒中患者各种功能的恢复,但是早期康复的临床疗效明显优于晚期康复训练.     

DNA Methylation, Behavior and Early Life Adversity

The impact of early physical and social environments on life-long phenotypes is well known. Moreover, we have documented evidence for gene–environment interactions where identical gene variants are associated with different phenotypes that are dependent on early life adversity. What are the mechanisms that embed these early life experiences in the genome? DNA methylation is an enzymatically-catalyzed modification of DNA that serves as a mechanism by which similar sequences acquire cell type identity during cellular differentiation and embryogenesis in the same individual. The hypothesis that will be discussed here proposes that the same mechanism confers environmental-exposure specific identity upon DNA providing a mechanism for embedding environmental experiences in the genome, thus affecting long-term phenotypes. Particularly important is the environment early in life including both the prenatal and postnatal social environments.     

A new basal ornithuromorph bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of China with implication for morphology of early Ornithuromorpha

Ornithuromorpha is the most derived avian group in the Early Cretaceous, advanced members of which encompass all living birds (Neornithes). Here we report on a new basal ornithuromorph bird, Bellulia rectusunguis gen. et sp. nov., represented by a nearly complete skeleton from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota in northeastern China. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis resolved the new taxon in a basal position that is only more derived than Archaeorhynchus and Jianchangornis among ornithuromorphs, increasing the morphological diversity of basal ornithuromorphs. The new specimen has a V‐shaped furcula with a short hypocleidium, a feature otherwise known only in Schizooura among Cretaceous ornithuromorphs. We discuss the implications of the new taxon on the evolution of morphology of primitive ornithuromorphs, particularly of pectoral girdle, sternum and limb proportion pertaining to powered flight. The preserved gastroliths and pedal morphology indicate herbivory and lakeshore adaption for this new species. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London     

Synchrony as an Adaptive Mechanism for Large‐Scale Human Social Bonding

Humans have developed a number of specific mechanisms that allow us to maintain much larger social networks than would be expected given our brain size. For our primate cousins, social bonding is primarily supported using grooming, and the bonding effect this produces is primarily mechanistically underpinned by the release of endorphins (although other neurohormones are also likely to be involved). Given large group sizes and time budgeting constraints, grooming is not viable as the primary social bonding mechanism in humans. Instead, during our evolutionary history, we developed other behaviours that helped us to feel connected to our social communities. Here, we propose that synchrony might act as direct means to encourage group cohesion by causing the release of neurohormones that influence social bonding. By acting on ancient neurochemical bonding mechanisms, synchrony can act as a primal and direct social bonding agent, and this might explain its recurrence throughout diverse human cultures and contexts (e.g. dance, prayer, marching, music‐making). Recent evidence supports the theory that endorphins are released during synchronised human activities, including sport, but particularly during musical interaction. Thus, synchrony‐based activities are likely to have developed due to the fact that they allow the release of these hormones in large‐scale human communities, providing an alternative to social bonding mechanisms such as grooming.     

蓬莱玉参早期发育的形态学观察

本研究对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的一个特殊品系蓬莱玉参产卵、受精及胚胎和幼体发育过程进行显微观察,并与普通仿刺参进行比较。在19~21℃水温下,蓬莱玉参受精卵分别在受精12 min和24 min后释放第一、二极体,1 h后卵裂成2细胞期,之后每30 min左右完成一次卵裂,6 h后进入囊胚期,19 h后发育成原肠胚;40 h后进入耳状幼体阶段,在其后侧臂的一端出现一个不规则形的石灰质骨片,并发现其位置与水体腔处于同一侧这一规律;5 d和8 d后发育为中耳状幼体和大耳状幼体,10 d后变态发育为樽形幼体,骨片由不规则状发育为齿轮状,并出现第二个石灰质骨片;12 d后发育为五触手,14 d后发育成稚参,40 d后发育为幼参。蓬莱玉参胚胎和幼体发育时序与当前已报道的仿刺参无显著差异,但从幼参开始蓬莱玉参通体始终为白色,而普通仿刺参在45日龄时体表局部出现色素,疣足处较为明显,60日龄幼体一半以上全身布满色素。蓬莱玉参因通体纯白色而受到了众多养殖企业和研究领域的关注,本文的结果为其今后的研究奠定了可靠的理论基础。     

脓毒症诊断的生物学标志物的研究进展

脓毒症是由致病微生物感染引发的全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),合并血压降低且经快速液体复苏后血压仍不能恢复正常者称为脓毒性休克(Septic shock),其中一部分患者发展为多器官功能障碍综合症(MODS)。由于目前临床上仍缺乏早期敏感性诊断手段,脓毒症病死率居高不下。每10万人口中约50-300人会发生严重脓毒症,其短期死亡率达20%-25%,当发展为脓毒性休克时其死亡率达50%。随着分子生物学和现代生物技术的不断发展,人们发现多种生物标志物在脓毒症的早期诊断、病情及预后判断,疗效评估中发挥重要作用。因此深入了解脓毒症病理生理机制中不同生物标志物的意义及价值,对于脓毒症及其并发症的早期识别及干预,降低患者病死率及改善患者生活质量有积极意义。本文综述了近几年来对脓毒症的诊断和预后有一定价值的主要标志物及其应用。     

甘肃早白垩世恐龙蛋化石新类型（英文）

甘肃省早白垩世地层中,出土了大量恐龙骨骼以及恐龙足迹化石,但是至今未有蛋化石的报道。根据发现于兰州-民和盆地下白垩统河口组的蛋壳化石,建立一恐龙蛋新蛋属、蛋种,并将其归于一新蛋科:Polyclonoolithidae(多小枝蛋科)。新发现的蛋化石标本不同于所有已知的恐龙蛋类型,具有独特的显微特征组合:分叉的蛋壳单元向外延伸至蛋壳外表面,并未在靠近蛋壳外表面处融合成层;弦切面上具相互链接或独立的多角形的蛋壳单元;以及不规则的气孔道。中国的恐龙蛋化石大多出自晚白垩世地层,仅在辽宁有早白垩世恐龙蛋的报道。新发现扩展了中国恐龙蛋化石的地质和地理分布,也有可能为圆形蛋科蛋壳结构的起源提供新的认识。     

Proxomed Tergumed用于椎间孔镜术后早期康复的临床效果分析

目的:探讨Proxomed Tergumed系统用于腰椎间盘突出症椎间孔镜术后早期康复的治疗效果。方法:按照纳入和排除标准,选择2016年6月至2017年6月在我科明确诊断为腰椎间盘突出症并进行腰椎间孔镜手术的63例患者进行回顾性分析。按照是否进行系统的Proxomed Tergumed脊柱功能训练,将其分为功能训练组实验组(28例)与对照组(35例)。比较两组患者在术前、术后1周、术后3月及术后6月的疼痛(VAS)、功能评分(ODI)、相关肌肉力量及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:两组患者术后的VAS评分及ODI评分均较术前明显降低(P0.05)。术后1周时,两组VAS评分及ODI评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3月及6月,实验组VAS评分和ODI评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后6个月,实验组肌力恢复显著优于对照组(P0.05)。术后6月,实验组各肌肉群力量与术前相比均无显著差异(P0.05),而对照组肌肉群力量仍较术前显著降低(P0.05)。结论:Proxomed Tergumed系统在腰椎间盘突出症椎间孔镜术后的康复中可以有效的降低患者的术后疼痛,改善患者的腰椎功能,相对于传统的术后康复训练而言有其明显的优势,且并无显著的安全性差异。