早期乳腺癌保乳手术与改良根治手术的临床效果比较

目的：比较早期乳腺癌保乳手术与改良根治手术的临床效果,探讨治疗早期乳腺癌的最佳手术方案。方法：选择早期乳腺癌患者138例,根据自愿的原则,分为保乳组（Bcs）和根治组（MRS）,保乳组采取保乳手术方案,根治组采用改良根治手术方案,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间、术后并发症、美容效果满意率及患者预后情况。结果：两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间、术后并发症、美容效果满意率比较,差异具有（高度）统计学意义（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;术后12个月、18个月和24个月复发或死亡例数比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：早期乳腺癌患者外科手术治疗时,应首选保乳手术方式治疗。     

Cryptospore Assemblages from the Ordovician/silurian Boundary in the Puna Region, North-west Argentina

Palynomorph assemblages have been recovered from deposits believed to straddle the Ordovician/Silurian boundary, from the upper member of the Salar del Rincón Formation, in the Puna region of north-west Argentina. The palynomorph assemblages are dominated by terrestrial cryptospores, but also contain marine elements (acritarchs, prasinophycean algae and chitinozoans). The cryptospore assemblages are similar in composition to those described from coeval deposits worldwide, suggesting that the producers were cosmopolitan and tolerated a wide range of climatic conditions. They are correlated with the Imperfectotriletes spp. Interval Biozone (sub-biozone α) of the Imperfectotriletes spp.- Laevolancis divellomedia Assemblage Biozone, indicating a Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) age. Acritarchs include late Ordovician species such as Eupoikilosusa striata and Villosacapsula cf. setosapellicula , that coexist with the Llandovery species Dactylofusa estillis. Based on lithological and palynological evidence, an early Llandovery, or a late Hirnantian (post-glacial) age is proposed for the basal part of the upper member of the Salar del Rincón Formation.     

广西扶绥岩亮洞早更新世独角犀年龄结构的分析

岩亮洞是广西扶绥地区最近新发现的早更新世巨猿化石点,经过初步发掘,采集到了丰富的巨猿材料及大量伴生的哺乳动物化石。引人注目的是其中犀类化石居多,包括146颗完整的牙齿及十多件头后骨骼化石,从形态特征判断,这些犀类化石应属于独角犀的一新种Rhinoceros fusuiensis。岩亮洞巨猿动物群中的独角犀以种群丰度最大而不同于其他已知东亚地区的巨猿动物群中的独角犀类材料。本文从犀类牙齿的主尖釉质层、齿质暴露程度、咀嚼面的磨蚀程度等方面对岩亮洞独角犀的年龄结构进行了研究。该死亡群中至少有4头幼年个体、5头青年个体、5头成年个体和1头老年个体。依据牙齿磨蚀程度和牙齿萌出顺序对年龄结构的分析及统计显示,其中青年个体和成年个体最多,幼年个体次之,老年个体最少,其死亡的原因不是通常意义上磨耗型死亡,突发性的灾害可能是造成这种死亡年龄分布的主要原因。     

湘西北志留纪胴甲鱼化石

本文记述了采自湘西北澧县石门水库附近秀山组上段隶属云南鱼目的 Shimenolepis graniferus gen. et sp. nov. 和 QuJinolepidae gen. et sp. indet. 化石,对含鱼层的时代也进行了讨论.     

Rib lesions in skeletons from early neolithic sites in Central Germany: On the trail of tuberculosis at the onset of agriculture

As an infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Paleopathological and paleomicrobiological studies indicate a long standing association of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its human host. Since the occurrence and the epidemic spread of this pathogen seem to be closely linked to social and biological factors, it is of particular interest to understand better the role of TB during periods of social and nutritional change such as the Neolithic. In this study, 118 individuals from three sites in Saxony‐Anhalt (Germany) dating to the Linear Pottery Culture (5400–4800 BC) were examined macroscopically to identify TB related bone lesions. In two individuals, Pott's disease was detected. In addition, periosteal reactions of varying degrees and frequency were observed mainly along the neck of the ribs in 6.5% (2/31) of subadults and 35.1% (20/57) of adults, with one site standing out markedly. Rib lesions, however, are not specific indicators of TB as they can also be caused by other diseases; so additional investigations were undertaken using histology and micro‐CT scans to say more about the disease process. Supplementary molecular analyses indicate the presence of pathogens belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in individuals of all sites. Furthermore, we discuss the occurrence and spread of TB during the Neolithic with regard to nutritional aspects and possible risks of infection. The data presented provide important insights into the health status of Early Neolithic populations in Central Germany. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

黔东早—中寒武世凯里组疑源类组合及其界线意义

通过对台江八郎和丹寨两条剖面凯里组中疑源类化石的分析,研究,台江剖面产疑源类化石有17属35各（12未定种）,其中以Leiosphaeridia,Synsphareidium,Cymatiosphaera,Pterospermella最为丰富,可划分为3个组合,即Cymatiosphaera cf.cristata-Fimbriaglomerella memebrancea组合,Cristallinium-Micrhystridium-Pterospermella组合和Dictyotidium-Granomarginata组合,丹寨平寨剖面凯里组所产疑源类化石有：13属21种（5未定种）,同样划分为3个组合,即Leiosphaeridia-Tasmanites组合,Retisphaeridium-Micrhystridium tentatium组合和Baltisphaeridium-Bubomorpha hunjiangensis组合,本文对两条剖面中的凝源类化石的组成,相对含量做了详细的统计,发现在八郎剖面9－2层和平寨剖面3层疑源类的丰度,分异度开始发生明显的变化,表现由早寒武世向中寒武世疑源类组合面貌的转变,这一疑源类转变层位正好是与三叶虫划分的中,下寒武统界线的层位位置相一致,这充分表明疑源类化石可作为划分中,下寒武统的极有价值的微体生物化石证据。     

The placoderm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plourdosteus livonicus</Emphasis> (Eastman) in the early Frasnian of the Central Devonian Field and the trophic structure of the Mikhailovskii Fish Assemblage

The placoderm Plourdosteus livonicus (Eastman) (Euarthrodira, Coccosteina) from the Upper Timanian Mikhailovskii Fish Assemblage of the Central Devonian Field is described. The composition and structure of the assemblage are discussed and compared with later Frasnian fish assemblages of the Central Devonian Field.     

贵州毕节扒耳岩巨猿地点的偶蹄类

系统记述了自2001年以来从贵州省毕节扒耳岩洞穴堆积中出土的偶蹄目化石:最后"双齿尖河猪"("Dicoryphochoerus"ultimus)、麂(未定种)(Muntiacus sp.)、凤岐祖鹿(?)(Cervavitus?fenqii)、黑鹿(相似种)(Cervus(R.)cf C.(R.)unicolor)、羚牛(未定种)(Budorcas sp.)、山羊亚科(属种未定)(Caprinae gen.et sp.indet.)、羚羊(未定种)(Gazella sp.)、斯迈提丽牛(未定种)(Leptobos(Smertiobos)sp.)8个种类。毕节扒耳岩巨猿动物群中的偶蹄类与广西柳城巨猿洞和湖北建始龙骨洞的偶蹄类可比性最大。毕节偶蹄类含有较多的古老种类, 指示其地质时代为早更新世早期; 同时显示其生态环境为植被既有密集的丛林又有开阔的草地(或草坡), 局部镶嵌有半开阔树林,而附近分布有一定的水域, 气候温暖, 非常适合高等灵长类栖息。     

Origin of peloids in Early Cretaceous deposits, Dorset, South England

Peloids are ubiquitous components in modern and fossil carbonates. The term peloid is non-genetic because the origin of these grains and the pathways of their formation are not fully understood. Based on Berriasian material originating from Dorset, southern England, we report here on peloids that result from the more or less in-place breakdown of previously micritized bivalve shells. The continuum from shell breakdown to peloids is documented by petrography and observation by scanning electron microscopy. The identical elemental composition of peloids and micritized shells confirms the petrographic observation and interpretation. Bivalve shells that were previously entirely micritized appear to be the preferential source for the formation of peloids. Obviously, the micritization weakened the shells, facilitating their breakdown and abrasion. This result identifies the fragmentation of micritized shells as a process leading to the formation of distinct peloids, adding to the categories of peloids recognized to date. Mold, mud, and microbial peloids observed in the studied sections and documented herein are distinct from peloids derived from bivalve shells.     

The birth of the Acheulian techno-complex in the Caucasus region

The lithic industries of the sites Kermek, Ciscaucasia (2.1–2.0 Ma) and Karakhach, South Caucasus (1.85–1.78 Ma) contain almost all the components of the Acheulian, indicating that this techno-complex appeared in the different areas of the Caucasus region not later than at the end of the Gelasian. Such extremely old ages of these industries as well as a number of their features due to the influence of the local raw material (tabular clasts) suggest that they were formed independently of the Early Acheulian industries known in Africa and the Near East. The very early appearance and further dispersal of Early Acheulian in the Caucasus can be explained by the presence there of raw materials with qualities supporting the production of large tools inherent of Acheulian, and by the very favorable natural conditions of the region in the final Gelazian-initial Calabrian (low or medium altitude terrain with subtropical climate and savanna-like landscape).