The Late Miocene species Ochotona kalfense (Mammalia,Lagomorpha) of Moldova: The oldest European record of the genus in the context of the earliest Ochotoninae

Although the pika from the Moldovan Kalfa locality (early MN10) — representing the oldest European record of Ochotoninae (the clade derived from Bellatona) — is of crucial importance to understand the earliest history of Ochotona, its taxonomy has remained unclear until now. The paper fills the gap by providing a detailed revision of the type material from Kalfa, originally referred to Proochotona kalfense. The analysis is supported by a direct comparison with type materials of Proochotona eximia, Bellatonoides eroli, and Ochotona ozansoyi, the important early ochotonines of the peri-Paratethyan area. The genus Proochotona is regarded here as a junior subjective synonym of Ochotona. The specie kalfense is confirmed to be valid, undoubtedly belonging to the genus Ochotona. It demonstrates an occurrence of a surprisingly advanced p3 phenotype already present in the pre-Turolian of Europe. At the Holoarctic scale, a detailed synoptic survey and discussion of the fossil record, taxonomy, and phylogeny of the oldest representatives of Ochotoninae are provided.     

Management of non-small cell lung cancer in the era of personalized medicine

Despite major advances in the molecular definition of the disease, screening and therapy, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still characterized by a disappointing overall survival, depending on subtype and tumor stage. To address this challenge, in the last years the therapeutic algorithm of NSCLC has become much more complex and articulated, with different kinds of drugs, including chemotherapy, targeted-based agents, angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy, and multiple lines of treatments, for patients with squamous and non-squamous hystology, EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement. This short viewpoint describes the emerging strategies for the management of NSCLC, indicating how a personalized approach, characterized by a specific multidisciplinary involvement, implies a process that starts with early detection and includes surgery and systemic therapy.     

The myosepta in Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Cephalochordata): 3D reconstruction and microanatomy

Zoomorphology - Myosepta have been subject to comparative and evolutionary studies in aquatic groups of the Craniata, because they are likely to play a role in transmission of muscular forces to...     

SOME LESSER KNOWN FEATURES OF THE ANCIENT CEPHALOPOD ORDER ELLESMEROCERIDA (NAUTILOIDEA, CEPHALOPODA)

Abstract:  Three specimens of the small breviconic ellesmeroceratid Paradakeoceras minor Flower, 1964 from the Tremadocian of the New York area preserve the annular elevation and muscle scars in moulds of the body chamber. The annular elevation is positioned at the base of the body chamber and is wider on the convex side of the shell than on the concave side. Multiple paired muscle scars can be seen within this annular elevation. A well-preserved body chamber of the breviconic ellesmeroceratid Levisoceras cf. edwardsi Ulrich, Foerste and Miller is described. Its body chamber shows a strong anterior–posterior asymmetry, which is common within the Ellesmeroceratida. The shape of the body chamber and of the soft body attachment structures has led to a reconstruction of an ellesmeroceratid soft body that is organized like a primitive conchiferan mollusc. Based on this reconstruction, a tryblidian cephalopod ancestor is supported. An evolutionary scenario is reconstructed from an ancestral nautiloid that is stretched along the anterior–posterior axis, and has serially arranged shell muscles and a small mantle cavity, towards a modern cephalopod with a dorsal–ventral body orientation, reduced number of shell muscles and a large mantle cavity.     

一种快速检测桉树焦枯病菌(Cylindrocladium scoparium)的LAMP体系的建立及应用

【目的】建立桉树焦枯病快速有效的环介导等温扩增反应LAMP,检测技术。【方法】以桉树焦枯病原菌Cylindrocladium scoparium为研究对象,利用Primer Explorer V4.0设计软件,针对C. scoparium的beta-tubulin gene特异保守区域设计了一套LAMP特异性引物组(内引物FIP/BIP,外引物F3/B3,环引物LooPF/LooPB),优化并建立了桉树焦枯病原菌的LAMP快速检测体系。【结果】LAMP反应体系为(50 μL)：Bst DNA polymerase (8 U) 1 μL;甜菜碱溶液(5 mol/L) 3.0 μL;dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L) 3.5 μL;10×Thermopol Ⅱ 2.5 μL;MgCl2 (100 mmol/L) 2 μL;FIP/BIP (40 μmol/L)各1 μL;F3/B3 (10 μmol/L)各0.5 μL;LooPF/LooPB (10 μmol/L)各1 μL;DNA模板2 μL;用ddH2O补足体积至50 μL。反应程序为：65 °C水浴锅中反应45 min,90 °C灭活5 min结束反应。特异性检测结果显示,供试的12个样本菌株LAMP产物可以采用肉眼观察、紫外灯照射、添加荧光染料SYBR Green I以及电泳检测条带4种不同的形式予以区分。DNA灵敏度检测结果显示,建立的LAMP体系检测灵敏度可达到40 μg/L,完全符合田间检测的要求。野外田间时效检测结果显示,无论是利用紫外检测还是电泳检测均可成功地检测出各地区不同生理小种的桉树焦枯病原菌C. scoparium,且检测效果明显。【结论】该LAMP检测是一项能够作为野外基层田间检测的重要技术。     

Biotic diachroneity during the Ordovician Radiation: evidence from South China

The Ordovician radiation was one of the most marked and sustained increases in Phanerozoic biodiversification; nevertheless it occurred against a background of minimal global climatic and environmental perturbations. Detailed investigations of the Ordovician successions on the Yangtze Platform of the South China palaeoplate indicate that: (1) the brachiopod α- and β-diversity changes are diachronous; (2) macroevolutionary patterns were different across the South China palaeoplate, with the Early Ordovician brachiopod radiation first occurring in normal marine, shallow-water environments and then moving gradually to both nearer-shore and offshore locations; (3) the main contributors to the initial Ordovician brachiopod radiation were the Orthida and Pentamerida; the typical Ordovician brachiopod fauna, dominated by the Orthida and Strophomenida, did not appear until the late Mid Ordovician (Undulograptus austrodentatus Biozone) when the Strophomenida apparently replaced the dominant position of the Pentamerida within the fauna; (4) different ecotypes (e.g., sessile benthos, mobile benthos together with pelagic and planktonic organisms) demonstrate substantially different macroevolutionary patterns. The Ordovician brachiopod radiation of South China was apparently earlier than that suggested by global trends together with the data available from other palaeoplates or terranes, which may be related to its unique palaeogeographic position (peri-Gondwanan terrane gradually moving to equatorial latitudes).     

Late Darriwilian–early Katian (Ordovician) ostracods of northeastern Yunnan,Southwest China

Ordovician silicified ostracods of the western Yangtze Platform, South China, are documented for the first time from the Huadan Formation of Qiaojia County, northeastern Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Twenty-one species of 17 genera are identified with new taxa including Vendona spinifera n. sp. and Nikitinella songliangensis n. sp. These two species, together with Medianella gigantea are the most common constituents of the fauna. Faunal comparison shows close connections between South China, Baltica, the Argentine Precordillera, Kazakhstan, Tarim, and Sibumasu during this time interval. This fauna is considered to be related to a nearshore carbonate environment, and biostratigraphical analysis of it supports a late Darriwilian to early Katian age for the Huadan Formation.     

早期干预对早产儿脑损伤预后的临床观察

目的:探讨早期联合干预对脑损伤早产儿智能及运动发育的影响。方法:80例存在脑损伤的早产儿随机分为干预组与对照组,每组各40例,对照组给予常规治疗与保健指导,干预组在此基础上联合神经节苷脂治疗与早期康复训练,定期随访两年,观察比较患儿纠正胎龄40周时神经行为评分(NBNA),智力及运动发育情况。结果:干预组患儿纠正胎龄40周NBNA评分为33.04±1.12,对照组NBNA评分为30.95±0.88,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组MDI与PDI指数分别于9月龄始和6月龄始显著高于对照组(P<0.01或0.05);1岁时进行Gesell智力发育检查,干预组大运动、精细动作、适应性、语言、个人-社会交往等五个能区情况均明显好于对照组(P<0.01);干预组17.5%的后遗症发生率显著低于对照组32.5%的发生率(P<0.01)。结论:联合早期干预治疗可有效促进脑损伤早产儿神经系统功能修复,改善智能及运动发育,减少后遗症发生。     

辽宁营口金牛山人化石头骨的复原及其主要性状

本文叙述了辽宁营口金牛山人化石头骨的保存情况、复原过程及其主要性状。从头骨壁之薄、脑量之大、以及其他的形态特征,认为它属于早期智人类型而不是猿人,对它的年代为距今28万年的报道,提出了疑问。     

福建龙岩苏邦栖霞组上部蜓类

本文记叙了福建省龙岩苏邦早二叠世栖霞组上部的类化石,计４属８种,并建立了Ｐｒａｅｓｕｍａｔｒｉｎａｎｅｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎｏｉｄｅｓ－Ｖｅｒｂｅｅｋｉｎａｃｒａｓｓｉｓｐｉｒａ组合带。这些类化石的发现,不但为该地区地层划分与对比提供了新的证据,而且对华南地区早二叠世地层划分有一定意义．