Improved therapeutic efficiency of photothermal treatment and nursing care in prostate cancer by DOX loaded PEG coated Cu@Se nano-hybrid vesicle

Cancer is one of the major life threatening diseases, with higher mortality rate and morbidity. It is always a challenge for effective drug delivery and release of drug in specific tumor sites. Therefore to identify the synergistic effect of chemotherapeutic drug and photo thermal agent on tumor area, Doxorubicin (DOX) acts as anticancer agent but it has low aqueous solubility so its clinical application is limited. The present study developed doxorubicin (DOX) were designed to be with the poly ethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized copper and selenium (Cu-Se) nanoparticles (PEG@Cu-Se+DOX) and it is efficiently synthesized and enhance its aqueous formulation and improve the prostate cancer (DU145 and LNCaP) activity. The characteristics like mono dispersity, size stability and constant spectral of as-synthesized nanoparticles are comparably excellent than DOX alone. Also the enhanced cellular uptake and in vitro cytoxicicty suggests these nanoparticles selectively killing prostate cancer. In this present study explained that PEG@Cu-Se+DOX as a safe and hopeful strategy for chemotherapeutics of photothermal therapy and deserve for further clinical evaluations.     

Mdm2 inhibitors as a platform for the design of P-glycoprotein inhibitors

Chemoresistance is thought to be the cause of low treatment efficacy and mortality in more than 90% of patients with advanced cancer. The activation of drug efflux by P-glycoprotein is the key mechanism of resistance. All known P-gp inhibitors are used only in the combination therapy. We propose a new approach based on the multitarget rational design of drugs, which possess both the antitumor and efflux pump inhibitory activity. In this work, the principle possibility of combining the ability to inhibit P-gp and p53-Mdm2 protein-protein interaction in one structure is considered. The biological activity of a number of known and newly synthesized compounds was evaluated using cell lines with different p53 status. The possibility of using computer modeling for the search for P-glycoprotein inhibitors among Mdm2 inhibitors was analyzed; P-gp interaction site and binding modes of substrates and inhibitors were identified. The results obtained in cells that have the native balance of drug resistance and sensitivity showed the ability of the cells to both actively throw out xenobiotics and to lose this ability using P-gp inhibitors. The data obtained indicate that Mdm2 inhibitors are a promising platform for the development of multitarget drugs that can overcome tumor resistance by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein activity.     

Biotin and glucose dual-targeting,ligand-modified liposomes promote breast tumor-specific drug delivery

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Ligand-modified liposomes are used for breast tumor-specific drug delivery to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy; however, only a few liposomes with high targeting efficiency have been developed because the mono-targeting, ligand-modified liposomes are generally unable to deliver an adequate therapeutic dose. In this study, we designed biotin-glucose branched ligand-modified, dual-targeting liposomes (Bio-Glu-Lip) and evaluated their potential as a targeted chemotherapy delivery system in vitro and in vivo. When compared with the non-targeting liposome (Lip), Bio-Lip, and Glu-Lip, Bio-Glu-Lip had the highest cell uptake in 4T1 cells (3.00-fold, 1.60-fold, and 1.95-fold higher, respectively) and in MCF-7 cells (2.63-fold, 1.63-fold, and 1.85-fold higher, respectively). The subsequent cytotoxicity and in vivo assays further supported the dual-targeting liposome is a promising drug delivery carrier for the treatment of breast cancer.     

Molecular docking analysis of HER-2 inhibitor from the ZINC database as anticancer agents

The human epidermal growth factor (HER2) is a transmembrane receptor that is highly expressed in breast cancer and in different other cancers. Therefore, it is of interest to identify the new HER2 inhibitors from a selected 300 compounds in the ZINC database. The top two hit compounds (ZINC000014780728 (-11.0 kcal/mol) and ZINC000014762512 (-10.8 kcal/mol)) showed a high affinity with HER2 relative to the reference compound (lapatinib (-10.2 kcal/mol)) for further consideration.     

Rational design,synthesis and biological profiling of new KDM4C inhibitors

The human histone demethylases of the KDM4 family have been related to diseases such as prostate and breast cancer. Majority of currently known inhibitors suffer from the low permeability and low selectivity between the enzyme isoforms. In this study, toxoflavin motif was used to design and synthesize new KDM4C inhibitors with improved biological activity and in vitro ADME properties. Inhibitors displayed good passive cellular permeability and metabolic stability. However, diminishing of redox liability and consequently non-specific influence on cell viability still remains a challenge.     

急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者预后及危险因素分析

目的分析急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者病原菌分布、病原菌耐药性、患者用药特征及其危险因素。方法选取2015年3月至2017年3月在我院急诊科进行住院治疗,且年龄60岁的急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者60例为研究对象,对患者的一般资料及病原菌分布情况、耐药情况和患者用药情况进行分析。结果 60例患者中有30例出现肺部感染,感染率为50.00%。肺部感染患者中死亡4例。肺部感染患者痰液中共培养出28株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌21株,革兰阳性菌5株,真菌2株。30例肺部感染患者共使用6种抗感染药物,其中哌拉西林/舒巴坦的使用频率最高,其次为依替米星及美罗培南。Logistic回归分析显示,病原菌分布、耐药情况和患者用药情况与患者的预后存在相关性。结论急性脑梗死并发肺部感染患者的病原菌分布、耐药情况及患者用药情况与患者的预后密切相关,应针对上述因素给予患者合理的治疗。     

Focus: Zoonotic Disease: New Series of Imidazoles Showed Promising Growth Inhibitory and Curative Potential Against Trypanosoma Infection

The Trypanosoma spp. cause animal and human trypanosomiasis characterized with appreciable health and economic burden mostly in developing nations. There is currently no effective therapy for this parasitic disease, due to poor drug efficacy, drug resistance, and unwanted toxicity, etc. Therefore, new anti-Trypanosoma agents are urgently needed. This study explored new series of imidazoles for anti-Trypanosoma properties in vitro and in vivo. The imidazoles showed moderate to strong and specific action against growth of T. congolense. For example, the efficacy of the imidazole compounds to restrict Trypanosoma growth in vitro was ≥ 12-fold specific towards T. congolense relative to the mammalian cells. Additionally, the in vivo study revealed that the imidazoles exhibited promising anti-Trypanosoma efficacy corroborating the in vitro anti-parasite capacity. In particular, three imidazole compounds (C1, C6, and C8) not only cleared the systemic parasite burden but cured infected rats after no death was recorded. On the other hand, the remaining five imidazole compounds (C2, C3, C4, C5, and C7) drastically reduced the systemic parasite load while extending survival time of the infected rats by 14 days as compared with control. Untreated control died 3 days post-infection, while the rats treated with diminazene aceturate were cured comparable to the results obtained for C1, C6, and C8. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating the potential of these new series of imidazoles to clear the systemic parasite burden in infected rats. Furthermore, a high selectivity index of imidazoles towards T. congolense in vitro and the oral LD₅₀ in rats support anti-parasite specific action. Together, findings support the anti-parasitic prospects of the new series of imidazole derivatives.     

Structural Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Voltage-gated sodium (Na_V) channels initiate and propagate action potentials in excitable tissues to mediate key physiological processes including heart contraction and nervous system function. Accordingly, Na_V channels are major targets for drugs, toxins and disease-causing mutations. Recent breakthroughs in cryo-electron microscopy have led to the visualization of human Na_V1.1, Na_V1.2, Na_V1.4, Na_V1.5 and Na_V1.7 channel subtypes at high-resolution. These landmark studies have greatly advanced our structural understanding of channel architecture, ion selectivity, voltage-sensing, electromechanical coupling, fast inactivation, and the molecular basis underlying Na_V channelopathies. Na_V channel structures have also been increasingly determined in complex with toxin and small molecule modulators that target either the pore module or voltage sensor domains. These structural studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of pharmacological action and opportunities for subtype-selective Na_V channel drug design. This review will highlight the structural pharmacology of human Na_V channels as well as the potential use of engineered and chimeric channels in future drug discovery efforts.     

呼吸道感染患者多重耐药菌肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药及危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析呼吸道感染患者多重耐药菌肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药及危险因素。方法：选择2015年1月到2020年2月本院诊治的呼吸道感染患者65例作为研究对象,收集患者的临床样本进行细菌分离与耐药分析,调查患者的临床资料并进行危险因素分析。结果：在呼吸道感染患者65例中,分离出多重耐药菌肺炎克雷伯菌32株,占比49.2 %,其中下呼吸道、上呼吸道、灌洗液、血液标本分别占50.0 %、9.4 %、25.0 %、6.3 %。32株多重耐药菌肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、氨苄西林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟的耐药率分别为71.9 %、87.5 %、96.9 %、84.4 %、81.3 %,对阿米卡星、头孢替坦、左氧氟沙星、亚胺培南、环丙沙星的敏感率分别为59.4 %、68.8 %、81.3 %、75.0 %、81.3 %。非条件 Logistic回归分析显示血型A型、碳青霉烯类抗菌药物使用、引流、机械通气、糖尿病等为导致多重耐药菌肺炎克雷伯菌感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：多重耐药菌肺炎克雷伯菌感染在呼吸道感染患者中比较常见,对头孢呋辛、氨苄西林的耐药率比较高,对左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星的敏感率比较高,血型A型、碳青霉烯类抗菌药物使用、引流、机械通气、糖尿病等为导致多重耐药菌肺炎克雷伯菌感染的独立危险因素。