《本草纲目》菊科植物考

本文初步考证了《本草纲目》中菊科植物,计有44属、78种、2变种。     

On the Distribution and Origin of Salix in the World

1. The distribution of Salix species among the continents. There are about 526 species of Salix in the world, most of which are distributed in the Northern Hemisphere with only a few species in the Southern Hemisphere. In Asia, there are about 375 species, making up 71.29 percent of the total in the world, including 328 endemics; in Europe, about 114 species, 21.67 percent with 73 endemics; in North America, about 91 species, 17.3 percent with 71 endemics; in Africa, about 8 species, 1.5 percent, with 6 endemics. Only one species occurs in South America. Asia, Europe and North America have 8 species in common (excluding 4 cultivated species). There are 34 common species between Asia and Europe, 14 both between Europe and North America and between Asia and North America, 2 between Asia and Africa. Acording to the Continental Drift Theory, the natural circumstances which promoted speciation and protected newly originated and old species were created by the orogenic movement of the Himalayas in the middle and late Tertiary. Besides, the air temperature was a little higher in Asia than in Europe and North America (except its west part) and the dominant glaciers were mountainous in Asia during the glacial epoch in the Quaternary Period. Then willows of Europe moved southwards to Asia. During the interglacial period they moved in opposite direction. Such a to-and-fro willow migration between Asia and Europe and between and North America occurred so often that it resulted in the diversity of willow species in Asia. Those species of willows common among the continents belong to the Arctic flora. 2. The multistaminal willows are of the primitive group in Salix. Asia has 28 species of multistaminal willows, but Europe has only one which is also found in Asia. These 28 species are divided into two groups, “northern type” and “southern type”, according to morphology of the ovary. The boundary between the two forms in distribution is at 40°N. The multistaminal willows from south Asia, Africa and South America are very similar to each other and may have mutually communicated between these continents in the Middle or Late Cretaceous Period. The southern type willows in south Asia are similar to the North American multistaminal willows but a few species. The Asian southern type willows spreaded all over the continents of Europe, Asia and North America through the communication between them before the Quaternany Period. Nevertheless, it is possible that the willows growing in North America immigranted through the middle America from South America. The Asian northern type multistaminal willows may have originated during the ice period. The multistaminal willows are more closed to populars in features of sexual organs. They are more primitive than the willows with 1-3 stamens and the most primitive ones in the genus. 3. The center of origin and development of willows Based on the above discussion it is reasonable to say that the region between 20°-40°N in East Asia is the center of the origin and differentiation of multistaminal willows. It covers Southern and Southwestern China and northern Indo-China Pennisula.     

布氏田鼠在我国的分布及其与植被和水热条件关系的初步探讨

本文探讨了布氏田鼠在我国的地理分布及其与植被和水热条件的关系。认为限制该鼠向东扩散的主要因素是植被环境,向西扩散的主要因素是水热条件。     

鄂西地区裸藻的初步研究

在鄂西的五峰、宜都、宜昌、当阳及神农架林区一带,采集到裸藻门植物16属140种(包括变种和变型)。属于绿色裸藻类的有116种,无色裸藻类的有24种,其中有5个新种,7个新变种,3个新变型,有20种是我国新记录。在采集区域内的地形大体上可以分成三种不同的类型,即:山岳地区(采得裸藻5种),河谷盆地地区(采得裸藻40种)和沿长江丘陵地区(采得裸藻128种)。静止水体由于地形的差异,体积的大小和水质的肥沃程度不同,都对裸藻门植物的生长有重要的影响。       

四川甘孜地区黑熊资源调查

黑熊在甘孜地区广泛分布于海拔３９００ｍ以下（除高山纯牧区以外）各地,因喜食野桃、山杏（Ｐｒｕｎｕｓｓｐｐ．）、高山栎（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｓｐｐ．）籽和花楸（Ｓｏｒｂｕｓｓｐｐ．）籽,喜栖息于高山栎林内和一些落叶阔叶林内。近年来由于森林的采伐利用,人类生产...     

Olfactory information processing in the brain: Encoding chemical and temporal features of odors

A fundamental problem in studying the neural mechanisms of odor recognition and discrimination in the olfactory system lies in determining the features or “primitives” of an odor stimulus that are analyzed by glomerular circuits at the first level of processing in the brain. Several recent studies support the idea that it is not simply the molecular features of odors that contain important information, but also the intermittent pattern of their presentation to the olfactory epithelium that helps determine the behavioral response to odor. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

中国鸡形目鸟类分布数据库及其应用

中国鸡形目鸟类分布数据库(The Site Record Database for Chinese Galliformes,SRDG)是以中国鸡形目鸟类分布点的有关信息为数据源的综合性资源数据库,于1996年初步建立,2005～2006年进行了更新维护和完善,由中国鸡形目鸟类物种代码库(WZDM)、中国鸡形目鸟类分布状况库(FBZK)和信息来源库(XXLY)三部分构成,包括中国鸡形目全部63个种的5859条分布信息和1027条相关文献记录。本数据库操作简单,各库之间通过共有字段相链接,具有信息查询、修改和维护等功能。本数据库的物种信息有助于加深对我国鸡形目鸟类资源的了解,可为中国鸡形目鸟类的研究和保护提供翔实的基础数据。在数据库基础上,可以进行有关我国鸡形目鸟类分布状况的分析,如鸡形目鸟类地理区划研究、分布区与占有面积的比较、物种濒危状况评估以及热点地区分析和GAP分析等。     

宁夏沙坡头地区藻类及其分布

通过野外采样,室内培养、观察、鉴定,研究了沙坡头地区藻类多样性和分布特点,并为当地藻类资源利用提出建议。研究发现沙坡头地区藻类植物共计40种(包括1变型),其中蓝藻17种,绿藻10种,硅藻9种,裸藻4种,全为普生种,陆地生境中种类最丰富。亚气及陆地生境中蓝藻在种类数(除灌溉林地结皮)、生物量方面占主导地位;贫瘠水体生境中硅藻占主要地位,营养较丰富水体中绿藻处于优势地位。另外,陆生生境中多以具鞘微鞘藻Microcoleus vaginatus为优势种,小席藻Phormidium tenue为主要种。     

脊椎动物肌动蛋白基因顺式转录元件的分布模式

脊椎动物肌动蛋白各亚型的表达具有严格的与物种无关的组织特异性; 本文改进和完善了一种顺式元件匹配预测方法, 在实验资料的基础上, 统计出５ 种顺式元件的核苷酸分布权重矩阵模式, 对脊椎动物β细胞质亚型和α平滑肌亚型肌动蛋白基因的５＇ 调控区进行顺式元件的匹配预测和序列分析,获得了相应亚型的特异性的顺式元件编码分布模式,并分析了其进化趋势。     

濒危植物厚叶木莲的群落学特征及其保护

根据从化三角山次生常绿阔叶林的样方调查结果,分析了中国特有植物厚叶木莲（ManglietiapachyphyllaChang）的天然分布特点,分布区的自然环境概况,群落的区系特点,群落学特征及其保护策略．厚叶木莲仅零散分布于广东从化三角山、龙门南昆山和新丰小沙罗等地海拔650－1000m的常绿阔叶林中,分布区非常狭窄．在1200m~2的样地里有维管植物132种,隶属于57科89属。Shannon－Wiener物种多样性指数为5．45,均匀度为84．39％,类似于其他类群的南亚热带常绿阔叶林,但较低于海南的热带雨林类群．本群落植物区系的分布类型是以泛热带分布和热带亚洲分布两大类为主,热带－亚热带区系植物成分在本群落中占有明显的优势,其区系特点具有从热带向亚热带过渡的性质．该群落命名为赤楠、假轮叶虎皮楠、厚叶木莲群落,可分为乔木层（2亚层）、灌木层及草本层等层次．本群落以中、小高位芽植物占优势,缺乏大高位芽、地面芽和一年生植物,叶型以中型叶为主．种群分布格局分析表明,大部分优势种呈集群分布,其中厚叶木莲呈集群分布。种群的立木结构分析表明,厚叶木莲种群已处于衰退模式,有即将在群落中消失的可能,属于濒危物种,应加以保护,对厚叶木莲及其群落的保护应立足于就地保护．