血清WT1 和MDR1 基因表达与多发性骨髓瘤疾病程度相关性研究

目的:研究血清Wilms瘤基因(WT1)和多药耐药基因1(MDR1)的表达与多发性骨髓瘤疾病程度的相关性。方法:采用实时荧光PCR技术对30例不同期多发性骨髓瘤患者及30例健康者静脉血清进行WT1与MDR1基因表达水平检测,并分析其表达量与多发性骨髓瘤疾病程度的影响。结果:多发性骨髓瘤患者的血清WT1与MDR1基因表达水平均明显高于普通健康者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);多发性骨髓瘤分期越高,患者血清WT1与MDR1基因的表达水平则越高,Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期患者的血清WT1与MDR1基因的表达水平两两组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);WT1与MDR1基因表达水平与骨髓瘤分期呈明显的正相关性(r=0.406,r=0.451,P0.05)。结论:血清WT1与MDR1基因表达水平与多发性骨髓瘤疾病程度具有明显的正相关性,可能作为多发性骨髓瘤的临床评估预测指标。     

Theoretical insight into three disease-related benefits of migration

Migration (seasonal round-trip movement across relatively large distances) is common within the animal kingdom. This behaviour often incurs extreme costs in terms of time, energy, and/or survival. Climate, food, predation, and breeding are typically suggested as factors favouring the evolution of migration. Although disease regulation has also been considered, few studies consider it as the primary selective pressure for migration. Our aim was to determine, theoretically, under what conditions migration could reduce the long-term disease prevalence within a population, assuming the only benefits of migration are infection-related. We created two mathematical models, one where the population migrates annually and one where the entire population remains on the breeding ground year-round. In each we simulated disease transmission (frequency-dependent and density-dependent) and quantified eventual disease prevalence. In the migration model we varied the time spent migrating, disease-related migration mortality, and the overall migration mortality. When we compared results from the two models, we found that migration generally lowered disease prevalence. We found a population was healthier if it: (1) spent more time migrating (assuming no disease transmission during migration), (2) had higher disease-induced migration mortality, and (3) had an overall higher mortality when migrating (compared to not migrating). These results provide support for two previously proposed mechanisms by which migration can reduce disease prevalence (migratory escape and migratory cull), and also demonstrate that non-selective mortality during migration is a third mechanism. Our findings indicate that migration may be evolutionarily advantageous even if the only migratory benefit is disease control.     

Current state of the art for enhancing urine biomarker discovery

Introduction: Urine is a highly desirable biospecimen for biomarker analysis because it can be collected recurrently by non-invasive techniques, in relatively large volumes. Urine contains cellular elements, biochemicals, and proteins derived from glomerular filtration of plasma, renal tubule excretion, and urogenital tract secretions that reflect, at a given time point, an individual’s metabolic and pathophysiologic state.

Areas covered: High-resolution mass spectrometry, coupled with state of the art fractionation systems are revealing the plethora of diagnostic/prognostic proteomic information existing within urinary exosomes, glycoproteins, and proteins. Affinity capture pre-processing techniques such as combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and biomarker harvesting hydrogel nanoparticles are enabling measurement/identification of previously undetectable urinary proteins.

Expert commentary: Future challenges in the urinary proteomics field include a) defining either single or multiple, universally applicable data normalization methods for comparing results within and between individual patients/data sets, and b) defining expected urinary protein levels in healthy individuals.     

LincRNA的研究进展

基因间长链非编码RNA(large intergenic non-coding RNA,linc RNA)是指基因间不编码蛋白质的长度大于200nt的RNA。最初,linc RNA被认为是基因组转录的"噪声",不具备任何生物学功能。然而,随着第二代测序技术的发展及其所产生的大量数据,越来越多的linc RNA被识别,引起了人们的重视。至今,已有超过12000的linc RNAs被收录在人类基因组中。随着研究的深入,linc RNA的生物机制和潜在的一些功能越来越明朗。本篇综述总结了近年来linc RNA的研究历程,序列特征,疾病中发挥的作用以及相关数据库的分析。     

脓毒症患者血清TOLL样受体4、脂联素与炎症反应和病情严重程度的关系

目的:探讨脓毒症患者血清TOLL样受体4(TLR4)、脂联素(APN)与炎症反应和病情严重程度的关系。方法:选取2016年12月到2018年4月期间在重庆市中医院接受治疗的脓毒症患者60例作为研究组,另选取同期本院健康体检者60例作为对照组。根据急性生理及慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分将脓毒症患者分为高分组17例(APACHEⅡ评分≥20分)和低分组43例(APACHEⅡ评分20分)。比较两组血清中的TLR4、APN、降钙素原(PCT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,比较高分组和低分组患者血清中的TLR4、APN及炎症因子水平,分析脓毒症患者TLR4、APN的表达与炎症因子、APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。结果:研究组血清中的TLR4、PCT、TNF-α、CRP水平均明显高于对照组,APN水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。高分组患者血清中的TLR4、PCT、TNF-α、CRP水平明显高于低分组,APN水平明显低于低分组(P0.05)。脓毒症患者TLR4的表达与PCT、TNF-α、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关,APN的表达与PCT、TNF-α、CRP、APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者病情越严重,TLR4水平越高,而APN水平越低,TLR4、APN可能是通过调节炎症反应来影响脓毒症患者的疾病进展。     

诱导多能干细胞在医学方面的应用

2006年,首次报道在体外简单的转录因子就可以使体细胞重编程为多能性细胞。自从这项技术诞生以来,人们为改善诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)技术做出了巨大努力,发展各种方法用于将重编程因子导入体细胞制备诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)。诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)技术彻底改变了人类对疾病发病机制的探索和药物开发的进程。本文简述了诱导多能干细胞的来源及诱导策略、近年来iPSCs在疾病建模、药物研发、再生医学等方面的应用,同时探讨了该技术当前存在的问题,并对未来进行了展望。     

遗传性骨病致病基因及相关miRNA的相互作用分析

目的:筛选遗传性骨病相关的致病基因和其相关的mi RNA,并研究两者相互作用关系以及在遗传性骨病中的作用。方法:本研究应用生物信息学的方法,首先应用mirwalk和《国际遗传性骨病分类标准》分析遗传性骨病的致病基因,根据筛选出来的致病基因利用mirwalk的10个预测mirna搜索引擎功能,搜索致病基因的相关mi RNA,并应用excel工作表统计分析mirna的靶向致病基因;再应用Cytoscape软件分析致病基因和相关mirna之间的相互作用关系。结果:本研究中与遗传性骨病密切相关的基因可以分为四类:第一类为成骨不全类基因COL1A1、COL1A2等;第二类为骨密度降低类基因如ACVR1、ALX1等;第三类为骨密度增加类基因如CASR、DMTF1等;第四类为通过作用骨干参与骨密度增加的基因如TGFBR1、MYCN等。其中与成骨不全关系最为密切的mirna是hsa-miR-26b、hsa-miR-19、hsa-miR-200c;与骨密度降低关系最为密切的mirna是hsa-miR-138、hsa-miR-505;与骨密度增加关系最为密切的mirna是hsa-miR-196a、hsa-miR-200b、hsa-miR-19b。结论:mirna可通过调控遗传性骨病致病基因在其病理过程中起到重要作用,提示上述mirna可能是成为遗传性骨病产前筛查和临床药物治疗的新靶点。     

新疆地方绵羊TLR9基因多态性分析

通过分析TLR9基因的多态性,探究新疆不同绵羊品种抗病力的分子机制。以塔什库尔干羊、和田羊和多浪羊共107个样本为研究对象,采用PCR、测序法和生物信息学方法分析TLR9基因的SNP及氨基酸差异。发现7个SNP,其中3个位点为同义突变,4个位点为非同义突变,确定为12个等位基因,其中新发现6个等位基因。首次发现氨基酸G437R的突变。6个等位基因对应的TLR9蛋白3-D结构存在差异,可能影响机体对PAMP的识别。绵羊TLR9基因外显子2具有较高的多态性,导致LRR空间结构改变,进而影响机体对疾病的感受性。本研究为新疆南疆地区绵羊抗病育种提供基础数据。     

Spatial Distribution of Endogenous Tissue Protease Activity in Gastric Carcinoma Mapped by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging

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Highlights

• •New MALDI MS imaging sample preparation workflow reveals tissue protease activity.
• •Differential time- and inhibitor concentration-dependence confirm active proteases.
• •Mouse gastric tumor displays high protease activity compared to surrounding tissue.
• •Proteomic data and biochemical protease activity assay support MALDI MSI results.