大头茶属植物研究进展

大头茶属(Polyspora Sweet)为山茶科常绿树木,共50种,主要分布于南亚和东南亚地区。大头茶属植物均具有较高观赏价值,可作为热带和亚热带地区的园林绿化树种,部分种类兼具食用和药用价值。该文在对大头茶属种质资源和应用情况简要介绍的基础上,对其系统演化及分类、繁殖特征、生理特性、生态习性、育苗技术、化学成分及药理活性等方面的研究进展进行了较为详细的综述,提出了目前研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,指出未来应扩大大头茶属的研究范围和种类,加强种质资源搜集、系统发育、遗传多样性等研究,重点关注大头茶属的引种栽培与种质创新,充分发掘其药用价值,开展临床转化和药物研制工作,可为合理开发利用野生大头茶属种质资源提供理论依据和研究思路。     

Studying the effects of virtual biodiversity research infrastructures

The research environment of scholars is increasingly web-based. This makes it urgent to study the effects of moving to the Web on research practices, scholarly output and innovation. We propose a theoretical framework and a methodology to study these effects. In a pilot study, we apply theory and method on an online community in biodiversity research, to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. We also indicate the practical relevance of this kind of analysis for improving the quality of virtual research environments. In the last section, directions for further research are suggested.     

Forty years of carabid beetle research in Europe - from taxonomy, biology, ecology and population studies to bioindication, habitat assessment and conservation

‘Carabidologists do it all’ (Niemelä 1996a) is a phrase with which most European carabidologists are familiar. Indeed, during the last half a century, professional and amateur entomologists have contributed enormously to our understanding of the basic biology of carabid beetles. The success of the field is in no small part due to regular European Carabidologists’ Meetings, which started in 1969 in Wijster, the Netherlands, with the 14th meeting again held in the Netherlands in 2009, celebrating the 40th anniversary of the first meeting and 50 years of long-term research in the Dwingelderveld. This paper offers a subjective summary of some of the major developments in carabidology since the 1960s. Taxonomy of the family Carabidae is now reasonably established, and the application of modern taxonomic tools has brought up several surprises like elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Progress has been made on the ultimate and proximate factors of seasonality and timing of reproduction, which only exceptionally show non-seasonality. Triggers can be linked to evolutionary events and plausibly explained by the “taxon cycle” theory. Fairly little is still known about certain feeding preferences, including granivory and ants, as well as unique life history strategies, such as ectoparasitism and predation on higher taxa. The study of carabids has been instrumental in developing metapopulation theory (even if it was termed differently). Dispersal is one of the areas intensively studied, and results show an intricate interaction between walking and flying as the major mechanisms. The ecological study of carabids is still hampered by some unresolved questions about sampling and data evaluation. It is recognised that knowledge is uneven, especially concerning larvae and species in tropical areas. By their abundance and wide distribution, carabid beetles can be useful in population studies, bioindication, conservation biology and landscape ecology. Indeed, 40 years of carabidological research have provided so much data and insights, that among insects - and arguably most other terrestrial organisms - carabid beetles are one of the most worthwhile model groups for biological studies.     

The reporting of IRB review in journal articles presenting HIV research conducted in the developing world

Objectives: We investigated how often journal articles reporting on human HIV research in four developing world countries mention any institutional review boards (IRBs) or research ethics committees (RECs), and what factors are involved. Methods: We examined all such articles published in 2007 from India, Nigeria, Thailand and Uganda, and coded these for several ethical and other characteristics. Results: Of 221 articles meeting inclusion criteria, 32.1% did not mention IRB approval. Mention of IRB approval was associated with: biomedical (versus psychosocial) research (P = 0.001), more sponsor‐country authors (P = 0.003), sponsor‐country corresponding author (P = 0.047), mention of funding (P < 0.001), particular host‐country involved (P = 0.002), journals having sponsor‐country editors (P < 0.001), and journal stated compliance with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines (P = 0.003). Logistic regression identified 3 significant factors: mention of funding, journal having sponsor‐country editors and research being biomedical. Conclusions: One‐third of articles still do not mention IRB approval. Mention varied by country, and was associated with biomedical research, and more sponsor country involvement. Recently, some journals have required mention of IRB approval, but allow authors to do so in cover letters to editors, not in the article itself. Instead, these data suggest, journals should require that articles document adherence to ethical standards.     

干细胞临床应用现状及管理对策

干细胞研究及以其为基础的再生医学技术已经成为生物医学发展水平的重要标志之一。对于大量组织器官缺损或功能障碍患者构成的巨大医疗市场来说,干细胞与再生医学的研究与开发将产生重要影响,其进程也日益加快。干细胞根据来源和获得方式可分为胚胎干细胞、重编程干细胞及成体干细胞等类型,不同类型干细胞特点不同,技术成熟程度处于不同发展阶段,在可能的使用过程中风险规避的策略不同,不同来源的干细胞产品针对的临床适应症和准入标准也不尽相同。在概述这三类干细胞基础研究的基础上,对应用现状和发展趋势进行述评,并提出相关的管理策略。     

二号敷药外敷治疗膝骨性关节炎60例的临床研究

目的:观察和评价应用医院自制制剂治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效。方法:60例病人,均经过临床X线检查确诊,随机分成两组,治疗组外敷二号敷药,对照组外用扶他林乳胶剂四周后,通过WOMAC量表和本体感觉进行疗效评估,总结其疗效。结果:治疗四周后,对照组的晨僵、活动困难分和关节被动角度重现(PAR),主动角度重现(ARA),被动运动阈值测量值(TDPM)与治疗组相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:二号敷药对膝骨关节炎治疗可以达到缓解晨僵,提高活动度和改善本体感觉,在临床治疗提高疗效上起到积极作用。     

中医经络的光子学研究

在中医经络现代研究的基础上,探讨光子学在经脉循行路线的客观检测,循经感传现象的发生及其实质意义,经络腧穴诊断的客观化以及腧穴双向良性调节作用等研究领域的具体应用.指出中医经络的光子学研究有望借助光子学的学科优势,从科学的角度对我国经络学说进行诠释和量化,为经脉腧穴的光学特性提供重要的实验依据,并有望找到一种非侵人性、无...     

果树抗寒性研究进展(综述)

本文从细胞形态结构、生理代谢、种质资源及基因工程等方面对果树抗寒性研究进行综述,同时提出对未来研究工作的展望。     

Shortening tobacco life cycle accelerates functional gene identification in genomic research

Definitive allocation of function requires the introduction of genetic mutations and analysis of their phenotypic consequences. Novel, rapid and convenient techniques or materials are very important and useful to accelerate gene identification in functional genomics research. Here, over‐expression of PmFT (Prunus mume), a novel FT orthologue, and PtFT (Populus tremula) lead to shortening of the tobacco life cycle. A series of novel short life cycle stable tobacco lines (30–50 days) were developed through repeated self‐crossing selection breeding. Based on the second transformation via a gusA reporter gene, the promoter from BpFULL1 in silver birch (Betula pendula) and the gene (CPC) from Arabidopsis thaliana were effectively tested using short life cycle tobacco lines. Comparative analysis among wild type, short life cycle tobacco and Arabidopsis transformation system verified that it is optional to accelerate functional gene studies by shortening host plant material life cycle, at least in these short life cycle tobacco lines. The results verified that the novel short life cycle transgenic tobacco lines not only combine the advantages of economic nursery requirements and a simple transformation system, but also provide a robust, effective and stable host system to accelerate gene analysis. Thus, shortening tobacco life cycle strategy is feasible to accelerate heterologous or homologous functional gene identification in genomic research.