The US Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory Project

In 1974, the US Fish and Wildlife Service directed its Office of Biological Services to design and conduct an inventory of the Nation's wetlands. The mandate was to develop and disseminate a technically sound, comprehensive data base concerning the characteristics and extent of the Nation's wetlands. The purpose of this data base is to foster wise use of the Nation's wetlands and to expedite decisions that may affect this important resource. To accomplish this, state-of-the-art principles and methodologies pertaining to all aspects of wetland inventory were assimilated and developed by the newly formed project. By 1979, when the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Project became operational, it was clear that two very different kinds of information were needed. First, detailed wetland maps were needed for site-specific decisions. Second, national statistics developed through statistical sampling on the current status and trends of wetlands were needed in order to provide information to support the development or alteration of Federal programs and policies. The NWI has produced wetland maps (scale=1:24 000) for 74% of the conterminous United States. It has also produced wetland maps (scale=1:63 360) for 24% of Alaska. Nearly 9000 of these wetland maps, representing 16.7% of the continental United States, have been computerized (digitized). In addition to maps, the NWI has produced other valuable wetland products. These include a statistically-based report on the status and trends of wetlands that details gains and losses in United States wetlands that have occurred from the mid-1970's to the mid-1980's. Other wetland products include a list of wetland (hydric) soils, a national list of wetland plant species, wetland reports for certain individual States such as New Jersey and Florida, and a wetland values data base.     

Determination of figures of merit for near-infrared and raman spectrometry by net analyte signal analysis for a 4-component solid dosage system

Process analytical technology has elevated the role of sensors in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Often the ideal technology must be selected from many suitable candidates based on limited data. Net analyte signal (NAS) theory provides an effective platform for method characterization based on multivariate figures of merit (FOM). The objective of this work was to demonstrate that these tools can be used to characterize the performance of 2 dissimilar analyzers based on different underlying spectroscopic principles for the analysis of pharmaceutical compacts. A fully balanced, 4-constituent mixture design composed of anhydrous theophylline, lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, and starch was generated; it consisted of 29 design points. Six 13-mm tablets were produced from each mixture at 5 compaction levels and were analyzed by near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Partial least squares regression and NAS analyses were performed for each component, which allowed for the computation of FOM. Based on the calibration error statistics, both instruments were capable of accurately modeling all constituents. The results of this work indicate that these statistical tools are a suitable platform for comparing dissimilar analyzers and illustrate the complexity of technology selection.     

骨愈灵片联合依降钙素注射液对骨质疏松症患者Oswestry功能障碍指数评分及骨密度、骨代谢指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨骨愈灵片联合依降钙素注射液对骨质疏松症患者Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分及骨密度、骨代谢指标的影响。方法：选择我院2018年3月~2021年2月间收治的骨质疏松症患者156例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组（采用依降钙素注射液治疗）和研究组（采用骨愈灵片联合依降钙素注射液治疗）,各为78例。观察两组疗效、不良反应,对比两组ODI评分、腰椎L2-L4、桡骨远端1/3处和股骨颈的骨密度、骨代谢指标[血钙 、血磷 、骨钙素（BGP）和β-胶原降解产物（β-CTX）]、炎性指标[促生长因子（IGF-1）、白介素-1（IL-1）、白介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]水平。结果：研究组的临床总有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗结束后ODI评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。研究组治疗结束后腰椎L2-L4、桡骨远端1/3处、股骨颈骨密度均大于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗结束后血钙、BGP水平高于对照组,血磷、β-CTX水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗结束后IGF-1水平高于对照组,IL-1、IL-8、TNF-α水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：骨质疏松症患者采用依降钙素注射液联合骨愈灵片治疗,可改善骨代谢和骨密度,调节炎性因子水平,促进机体功能恢复,疗效明确。     

乳杆菌泡腾片治疗细菌性阴道病

目的观察10例BV患者采用了信谊制药总厂生产的阴道嗜酸乳杆菌泡腾片1个疗程(7 d)后阴道菌群的变化。方法采用7种选择或非选择培养基对阴道分泌物的细菌总数、乳杆菌等7个指标进行检测。结果治疗后阴道中乳杆菌显著增多,厌氧革兰阴性杆菌显著减少(两者P<0.001)。细菌总数、肠杆菌、酵母菌和阴道加德纳菌均减少(P<0.01)。结论信谊阴道嗜酸乳杆菌泡腾片具有较好的调整阴道微生态平衡的作用。     

红花逍遥片联合地屈孕酮治疗月经不调的临床疗效及对激素水平和血液流变学的影响

摘要 目的：观察红花逍遥片联合地屈孕酮治疗月经不调的临床效果,并分析其对患者激素水平和血液流变学的影响。方法：选取2019年4月~2021年2月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院接受诊治的68例月经不调患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=34）和观察组（n=34）。对照组患者接受地屈孕酮片治疗,观察组患者接受红花逍遥片联合地屈孕酮片治疗。观察两组临床总有效率、激素水平、血液流变学、相关量表评分和不良反应发生情况。结果：与对照组的61.76%（21/34）相比,观察组的临床总有效率88.24%（30/34）进一步升高（P<0.05）。与对照组治疗2个周期后相比,观察组月经失血图（PBAC）评分更低,中华生存质量量表（ChQOL）评分更高,促卵泡成熟激素（FSH）、黄体生成激素（LH）、全血高、低切黏度（HBV 和 LBV）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）水平更低,孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E₂）水平更高（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：红花逍遥片联合地屈孕酮可有效改善月经不调患者的临床症状,促进患者生存质量提高,可能与改善激素水平和血液流变学有关。     

通窍鼻炎片联合克拉霉素对慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉功能、鼻黏液纤毛传输速度及血清炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨通窍鼻炎片联合克拉霉素对慢性鼻窦炎患者嗅觉功能、鼻黏液纤毛传输速度及血清炎性因子的影响。方法:于2017年11月~2020年6月期间,选取我院门诊收治的慢性鼻窦炎患者86例。根据入院序号奇偶性将患者分为对照组和观察组,各43例。对照组采用克拉霉素治疗,观察组采用通窍鼻炎片联合克拉霉素治疗,均治疗4周。对比两组疗效、临床症状评分、嗅觉功能、鼻黏液纤毛传输速度及血清炎性因子,记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组的临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗4周后T&T主观嗅觉测试法分级均较治疗前改善,且观察组的改善效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗4周后,两组鼻黏膜纤毛输送率(MTR)和鼻黏膜纤毛清除率(MCC)均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,两组血清白介素-5(IL-5)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗4周后,观察组鼻塞、头晕头痛、鼻漏、嗅觉下降、流涕、喷嚏症状评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:通窍鼻炎片联合克拉霉素治疗慢性鼻窦炎患者疗效显著,可有效改善患者嗅觉功能及鼻黏液纤毛传输速度,缓解临床症状并降低机体炎性因子水平,且安全性较好。     

穴位敷贴联合妇科千金片对湿热蕴结型盆腔炎后遗症患者盆腔血流动力学、炎症因子和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察穴位敷贴联合妇科千金片对湿热蕴结型盆腔炎后遗症患者盆腔血流动力学、炎症因子和生活质量的影响。方法：本次研究选取的病例来源于2018年3月~2020年8月期间我院收治的107例盆腔炎后遗症患者，采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（53例，基础治疗联合妇科千金片）和实验组（54例，对照组的基础上联合穴位敷贴治疗），两组均以1个月经周期为1个疗程，治疗2个疗程。对比两组中医疗效、中医证候、血流动力学[阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）、最大血流速度（PSV）]、炎症因子[C反应蛋白（CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]和生活质量。结果：实验组治疗2个疗程后（治疗后）的中医临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后中医证候积分和血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平以及RI降低，且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后健康状况、生存质量、日常活动、自我感觉、总分以及PI、PSV升高，且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：穴位敷贴联合妇科千金片治疗湿热蕴结型盆腔炎后遗症患者，可有效改善其临床症状，降低炎症因子水平，改善机体血流动力学，并提高其生活质量，疗效显著。     

荷丹片对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血管内皮的保护作用

为了探讨荷丹片对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血管内皮的保护作用,本研究用60只健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分为A(正常组)、B(模型组)、C(荷丹片组)、D(辛伐他汀组),每组15只。正常组给予普通鼠饲料喂养,其余各组使用高脂饲料造模。应用彩色多普勒超声检测第0周、第4周、第8周以及第12周颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT),并同期检测动脉粥样大鼠血脂水平,检测造模前后体质量增长百分率、Lee’s指数、血清SOD、MDA、NO、AST和ALT水平。模型组体质量增长百分率、Lee’s指数、IMT、CHOL、TG、LDL-C、MDA、AST、ALT较正常组显著升高(p<0.05),SOD和NO显著下降(p<0.05)。灌胃荷丹片12周后,荷丹片组和辛伐他汀组体质量增长百分率、Lee’s指数、IMT、CHOL、TG、LDL-C、MDA、AST、ALT较模型组显著下降(p<0.05),SOD和NO显著上升(p<0.05)。灌胃荷丹片12周后,荷丹片组AST、ALT较辛伐他汀组显著下降(p<0.05),其他指标无统计学差异。荷丹片能降低IMT、调脂并改善氧化应激水平,并能降低AST、ALT含量,对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血管内皮具有保护作用。     

LeafJ: An ImageJ Plugin for Semi-automated Leaf Shape Measurement

High throughput phenotyping (phenomics) is a powerful tool for linking genes to their functions (see review¹ and recent examples^2-4). Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organ, and their size and shape vary developmentally and environmentally within a plant. For these reasons studies on leaf morphology require measurement of multiple parameters from numerous leaves, which is best done by semi-automated phenomics tools^5,6. Canopy shade is an important environmental cue that affects plant architecture and life history; the suite of responses is collectively called the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS)⁷. Among SAS responses, shade induced leaf petiole elongation and changes in blade area are particularly useful as indices⁸. To date, leaf shape programs (e.g. SHAPE⁹, LAMINA¹⁰, LeafAnalyzer¹¹, LEAFPROCESSOR¹²) can measure leaf outlines and categorize leaf shapes, but can not output petiole length. Lack of large-scale measurement systems of leaf petioles has inhibited phenomics approaches to SAS research. In this paper, we describe a newly developed ImageJ plugin, called LeafJ, which can rapidly measure petiole length and leaf blade parameters of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. For the occasional leaf that required manual correction of the petiole/leaf blade boundary we used a touch-screen tablet. Further, leaf cell shape and leaf cell numbers are important determinants of leaf size¹³. Separate from LeafJ we also present a protocol for using a touch-screen tablet for measuring cell shape, area, and size. Our leaf trait measurement system is not limited to shade-avoidance research and will accelerate leaf phenotyping of many mutants and screening plants by leaf phenotyping.