On the Methods and Principles of MolecularIdentification of Chinese Herbs

Accurate identification of herbal medicinal materials is relevant to the safety of human life and economic interests. Traditional identification methods, including sensory evaluation, microscopic identification, physical and chemical identification, all have their limitations. Molecular identification brings a new opportunity for accurate identification of herbal medicinal materials. However, prior to its wide adoption, the methods and principles of molecular identification should be fully discussed. In this paper, we proposed a set of new methods for molecular authentication of herbal medicinal materials: 1) Identification between authenticity and adulteration by using specific polymerase chain reaction; 2) Identification between official herb and substitute by using the method of DNA barcoding; 3) Identification among multiple species of one official herbs by constructing genealogy among closely related species based on population genetics; 4) Identification among herbs of different geographical origins by phylogeography based analysis. For those that can not be identified by above four methods, more rapidly evolved markers such as microsatellite should be employed and individual based analysis could be adopted.     

Aptamer‐mediated synthesis of multifunctional nano‐hydroxyapatite for active tumour bioimaging and treatment

ObjectivesThe nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHAp) is widely used to develop imaging probes and drug carriers due to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, traditional methods usually need cumbersome and stringent conditions such as high temperature and post‐modification to prepare the functionalized nHAp, which do not benefit the particles to enter cells due to the increased particle size. Herein, a biomimetic synthesis strategy was explored to achieve the AS1411‐targeted tumour dual‐model bioimaging using DNA aptamer AS1411 as a template. Then, the imaging properties and the biocompatibility of the synthesized AS‐nFAp:Gd/Tb were further investigated.Materials and methodsThe AS‐nFAp:Gd/Tb was prepared under mild conditions through a one‐pot procedure with AS1411 as a template. Besides, the anticancer drug DOX was loaded to AS‐nFAp:Gd/Tb so as to achieve the establishment of a multifunctional nano‐probe that integrated the tumour diagnosis and treatment. The AS‐nFAp:Gd/Tb was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy disperse X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis analyses, zeta potential and particle sizes. The in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging were performed on an MRI system and a confocal laser scanning microscope, respectively. The potential of the prepared multifunctional nHAp for a targeted tumour therapy was investigated by a CCK‐8 kit. And the animal experiments were conducted on the basis of the guidelines approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Sichuan University, China.ResultsIn the presence of AS1411, the as‐prepared AS‐nFAp:Gd/Tb presented a needle‐like morphology with good monodispersity and improved imaging performance. Furthermore, due to the specific binding between AS1411 and nucleolin up‐expressed in cancer cells, the AS‐nFAp:Gd/Tb possessed excellent AS1411‐targeted fluorescence and MRI imaging properties. Moreover, after loading chemotherapy drug DOX, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that DOX@AS‐nFAp:Gd/Tb could effectively deliver DOX to tumour tissues and exert a highly effective tumour inhibition without systemic toxicity compared with pure DOX.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the prepared multifunctional nHAp synthesized by a novel biomimetic strategy had outstanding capabilities of recognition and treatment for the tumour and had good biocompatibility; hence, it might have a potential clinical application in the future.     

Electrical conduction through DNA molecule

Several disorder parameters, inside the DNA molecule, lead to localization of charge carriers inside potential wells in the lowest unoccupied and highest occupied molecular orbits (LUMO and HOMO) which affects drastically the electrical conduction through the molecule, and demonstrates that the band carriers play an essential role in the conduction mechanism. So, a model is presented to shed light on the role of electrons of the LUMO in the electrical conduction through the DNA molecule. DC-, AC-conductivity and dielectric permittivity experimental data are well fitted with the presented model giving evidence that the free carriers in the LUMO and HOMO are responsible to make the DNA molecule conductor, insulator or semiconductor. The obtained results show that the localized charge carriers in the DNA molecule are characterized by four different types of relaxation phenomena which are thermally activated by corresponding four activation energies at 0.56 eV, 0.33 eV, 0.24 eV, and 0.05 eV respectively. Moreover, the calculations after the model, at room temperature, show that the time of the relaxation times of the current carriers are in the order of 5 × 10⁻² s, 1.74 × 10⁻⁴ s, 5 × 10⁻⁷ s, and 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ s, respectively.     

花粉发育相关基因BcMF13不同转录本的克隆及分析

在克隆花粉发育相关基因BcMF13时,用RACE技术进行3’端扩增,得到了两个不同长度的3’转录本。与EST库比对,发现与其相似性高的序列都来源于十字花科芸薹属、萝卜属等植物的生殖器官,并且在这些近源属中也出现不同转录本。这些不同转录本的存在说明BcMF13存在剪切异构体,调控过程灵活复杂,反映出该基因具有重要功能。同时,对BcMF13基因的RT-PCR表达研究表明,它只在可育株系中表达,在不育株系中不表达,且主要集中在大花蕾、雄蕊中表达。分析BcMF13推导的蛋白结构,发现其编码的蛋白包含多个生物活性位点。以上结果均表明BcMF13与花粉育性相关,多个剪切异构体的发现说明BcMF13在执行生理功能时较为活跃。     

桃园中食心虫单一性诱芯及其复合配置的诱蛾效率比较

【目的】明确两种食心虫性诱芯复合配置的诱蛾效果,提高其监测或防治效率及其绿色环保化水平,为果树生产中食心虫的高效监测和绿色防控提供科学依据。【方法】田间系统调查研究了梨小食心虫(以下简称"梨小")、桃小食心虫(以下简称"桃小")单一性诱芯及其复合配置3种处理的诱蛾效率,并利用"Y"型嗅觉仪比较研究了其间梨小雄蛾趋向性的差异。【结果】(1)梨小和桃小性单一诱芯及其复合配置对梨小均具有引诱作用,其诱蛾总量依次为8 238.33、1 451.67、8 321.67头/诱捕器,其中第1、2、3代时复合配置诱蛾量最大,越冬代和第4代时梨小单一性诱芯诱蛾量最大,而各世代桃小单一性诱芯诱蛾量均最低。梨小单一性诱芯及其复合配置均监测到5个梨小发生高峰,且峰期基本一致,但复合配置的峰日诱蛾量均较高;桃小单一性诱芯仅监测到3个梨小发生高峰,且峰日诱蛾量亦较低。(2)桃小单一性诱芯及其复合配置对桃小均具有引诱作用,其诱蛾总量依次为4.00、2.33头/诱捕器,而梨小单一性诱芯对桃小无引诱作用。(3)"Y"型嗅觉仪研究发现,梨小食心虫对梨小和桃小各单一性诱芯及其复合配置均具有趋向作用,其趋向率依次为50.67%、8.67%、53.33%。【结论】梨小和桃小单一性诱芯复合配置对梨小诱捕量有微增效作用,而对桃小诱捕量有一定干扰作用,但影响均不显著。据此,该复合配置可用于桃园中梨小和桃小的监测与防控。     

成人骨性Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型上气道及舌骨形态位置的三维研究

目的:研究成人骨性II类不同垂直骨面型上气道与舌骨形态及位置的差异。方法:随机选择60名成人骨性II类患者,男女比例1:1,依据GoGn-SN角分为三组(高角组、均角组及低角组),在自然头位下拍摄CBCT,运用MIMICS软件对上呼吸道及舌骨进行三维建模并测量21项相关指标,分析不同垂直骨面型之间上气道各段之间及舌骨形态、位置的差异。结果:不同垂直骨面型之间鄂咽上界平面矢状径长度(PNSL)存在显著性差异(P0.05),上气道各段高度(UTH、ETH)及宽度(PNSW、UTW、ETW)之间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。高角组上气道鄂咽下界及舌咽下界矢状径长度(UTL、ETL)与均角和低角组均存在显著差异(P0.01),随着垂直骨面型增大,呈现高角均角低角的趋势。高角组上气道鄂咽及舌咽体积明显小于均角和低角,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。舌骨形态及位置在不同垂直骨面型之间无差异(P0.05)。结论:不同垂直向生长方式对上气道产生影响较大,而对舌骨的生长发育无影响。     

一种改进的分泌抗半抗原抗体杂交瘤细胞株筛选方法简

目的：研究解决半抗原分子单克隆抗体制备技术路径中遇到的在阳性杂交瘤细胞株筛选时无法排除载体蛋白问交叉反应影响的问题,以半抗原去甲肾上腺素（norepinephrine,NE）为例。方法：在NE完全抗原免疫小鼠实施细胞融合后,分别包被牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、卵清白蛋白（OVA）、BSA-NE、OVA-NE等4种不同抗原的酶标板平行检测细胞培养上清液;挑选BSA、OVA检测结果为阴性,BSA-NE、OVA-NE检测结果为阳性的孔内细胞进行克隆化筛选单克隆细胞。结果：本筛选方法可一次性从8板96孔板中筛选到13个符合要求的阳性孔,经3次克隆化后获得6株特异性强的杂交瘤细胞株。结论：本方法避免了载体蛋白间交叉反应对筛选的影响,改进了传统的单一指标筛选方法,筛选效率更高。     

不同生境条件下羊草种群无性系和有性生殖特征的比较研究

比较研究了东北草原不同生境条件下4个羊草种群无性系和有性生殖数量特征的差异,结果表明,由于各种群所处立地的资源差异(特别是土壤水分),导致各种群在无性系(包括营养枝和根茎芽密度)和有性生殖(生殖枝密度、生殖枝分化率、生殖贡献)等数量特征方面差异显著,尤其在低平原种群与沙丘种群之间最为显著.与沙丘种群相比,低平原种群营养枝平均密度高50%;根茎芽平均密度高30%以上;生殖枝密度平均值高200%以上.     

不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合小剂量艾司氯胺酮用于腹腔镜妇科手术患者的效果及对麻醉效能、疼痛的影响

摘要 目的：研究不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合小剂量艾司氯胺酮对腹腔镜妇科手术患者麻醉效果的影响。方法：选取2020年4月～2023年2月在本院接受腹腔镜妇科手术治疗的60例患者进行研究,根据瑞芬太尼静脉输注剂量将其分为小剂量组、中剂量组和大剂量组,每组各20例。三组均给予患者小剂量艾司氯胺酮（0.1 μg?kg）,小剂量组给予患者0.1 μg/（Kg?min）瑞芬太尼,中剂量组给予患者0.3 μg/（Kg?min）瑞芬太尼,大剂量组给予患者0.5 μg/（Kg?min）瑞芬太尼。记录三组患者的麻醉起效时间、麻醉诱导时间、拔管时间和不良反应发生率,并检测其不同时间段的血流动力学和疼痛。结果：麻醉起效、麻醉诱导拔管时间比较,三组无显著差异（P＞0.05）。平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR）比较,大剂量组和中剂量组T1、T2时间段均低于小剂量组,中剂量组T1、T2时间段低于大剂量组;三组T2时间段MAP、HR水平低于T0、T1时间段,T1时间段低于T0时间段（P＜0.05）。疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分比较,大剂量组和中剂量组T1、T2时间段均低于小剂量组,中剂量组T1、T2时间段低于大剂量组;三组T2时间段MAP、HR水平低于T0、T1时间段,T1时间段低于T0时间段（P＜0.05）。不良反应发生率比较,三组无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论：不同剂量瑞芬太尼复合小剂量艾司氯胺酮均能保障腹腔镜妇科手术的麻醉效果和安全性,但中剂量瑞芬太尼的应用更有利于稳定血流动力学,并减轻患者的疼痛程度。     

不同胁迫预处理提高水稻幼苗抗寒性期间蛋白质的变化

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)幼苗经盐、热激和冷三种不同胁迫预处理均提高了幼苗的抗寒性。与未预处理苗相比,在处理后、低温伤害后和常温下恢复2d的三个时期,不同胁迫预处理苗的可溶性和热不稳定蛋白含量变化趋势甚为相似,但热稳定蛋白含量变化则各有异同。SDS-PAGE图谱分析显示,不同胁迫预处理提高水稻幼苗抗寒性时,其可溶性蛋白、热稳定和热不稳定蛋白组成变化亦各有异同。除诱导出共有的新多肽外,还各自诱导出特有的新多肽。结果表明,植物对不同胁迫的交叉适应存在一定的共同机理,但亦可看出植物对同一种环境胁迫似乎不是以同一的机理去适应。