血清miR-92a在胰腺癌诊断及预后评估中的临床意义研究

目的:探讨血清miR-92a在胰腺癌诊断和预后分析中的价值,为胰腺癌早诊断以及预后评估提供潜在的分子标志物。方法:回顾性分析我院及重庆医科大学附属第一、第二医院2014年8月~2016年12月收治的30例胰腺癌未转移患者、30例胰腺癌转移患者和30例慢性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,另选择同期在我院进行健康体检的30例健康人作为健康组。收集血清,应用定量PCR法检测各组血清miR-92a的表达水平,利用化学发光法检测各组血清中的糖蛋白抗原19-9(CA-19-9)含量。以ROC分析比较血清miR-92a与CA 19-9在胰腺癌诊断中的特异度、敏感性。结果:胰腺癌未转移组患者和胰腺癌转移组患者血清中miR-92a水平显著高于健康组和慢性胰腺炎组(P0.05),胰腺癌转移组患者血清中miR-92a水平显著高于胰腺癌未转移组患者(P0.05)。胰腺癌未转移组患者和胰腺癌转移组患者血清中CA19-9水平显著高于健康组和慢性胰腺炎组(P0.05)。miR-92a诊断胰腺癌的敏感度高于CA19-9和miR-92a+CA 19-9,而miR-92a+CA 19-9诊断胰腺癌的特异度显著高于miR-92a和CA19-9(P0.05),且有较高的胰腺癌转移预测应用价值。结论:血清miR-92a联合CA 19-9检测能够诊断胰腺癌,具有良好的敏感度和特异度,miR-92a还具有较好的胰腺癌转移预测价值,可作为胰腺癌早期无创筛查方法加以应用。     

创伤性眶尖综合征的诊断与治疗进展

创伤性眶尖综合征是一种少见的颅脑创伤并发症,其主要特点是同时有眶上裂综合征和视神经损伤的表现。其临床症状多样,一般有眼肌麻痹、上睑下垂、瞳孔散大、视力减退等特点。诊断主要依靠临床表现和颅底CT三维重建等影像学检查。创伤性眶尖综合征目前有激素治疗和手术减压治疗等。基因治疗、神经干细胞移植在基础研究中取得了众多成果,但在临床应用上还有限制。手术减压目前认为是有效的,手术方式包括开颅手术和内镜手术,经鼻内镜手术减压具有微创、并发症少等优势。最佳的临床决策和手术治疗尚有待于多中心临床研究的开展和循证医学的支持。     

Soluble TREM-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with septic shock: an observational clinical study

Objectives: The impact of TREM-1-mediated inflammation was investigated in different inflammatory settings.

Methods: Secondary analyses of an observational clinical pilot study, including 60 patients with septic shock, 30 postoperative controls and 30 healthy volunteers.

Results: Plasma levels of sTREM-1 were found to identify patients with septic shock more effectively than procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Moreover, sTREM-1 was identified to be an early predictor for survival in patients with septic shock.

Conclusion: Due to its diagnostic as well as prognostic value in sepsis syndrome, implementation of sTREM-1 measurements in routine diagnostics should be taken into account.     

Chemosynthetic homologues of Mycoplasma pneumoniae β-glycolipid antigens for the diagnosis of mycoplasma infectious diseases

Mycoplasma pneumoniae expresses β-glycolipids (β-GGLs) in cytoplasmic membranes, which possess a unique β(1?→?6)-linked disaccharide epitope, which has high potential in biochemical and medicinal applications. In the present study, a series of β-GGLs homologues with different acyl chains (C12, C14, C16, and C18) were prepared from a common precursor. An ELISA assay using an anti-(β-GGLs) monoclonal antibody indicated that the synthetic homologues with long acyl chains had greater diagnostic potential in the order C18?>?C16?>?C14?>?C12. Toward a simultaneous detection of natural glycolipids by mass spectrometry (MS), a deuterium-labeled C16 homologue (β-GGL-C16-d₃) was prepared and applied as an internal standard for a high-resolution electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS) analysis. The ESI-MS analysis was used to identify and quantify acyl homologues (C16/C16, C16/C18, and C18/C18) of β-GGL-C16 in cultured M. pneumoniae. A β-GGLs homologue with a 1,2-diacetyl group (C2) was also prepared as a “water soluble” glycolipid homologue and characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. We envisage that each of these chemosynthetic homologues will provide promising approaches to solve medical and biological problems associated with mycoplasma infectious diseases (MIDs).     

阑尾残株炎9例的临床观察

目的：总结阑尾残株炎的病因、诊断方法、预防和治疗措施,为临床提供更多的参考依据。方法：回顾性分析我院2011年1月～2013年1月收治的9例阑尾残株炎患者的临床资料,并查阅相关文献,总结阑尾残株炎的病因和诊疗方法等。结果：阑尾残端过长（〉1cm）是导致阑尾残株炎发生的主要原因。结合血常规、钡剂灌肠透视、CT、彩超等检查,必要时行腹腔镜探查可确诊阑尾残株炎。及时行手术切除阑尾残株是阑尾残株炎主要治疗方法。本组5例患者行传统开腹阑尾残端切除术（残端双重结扎,保留残端0．2～0．3cm）,2例行腹腔镜阑尾残端切除术（钛夹夹闭阑尾残端,保留阑尾残端0．2～0．3cm）,2例行部分盲肠切除术,回盲部留置引流管。2例患者出现切口感染,9例患者均痊愈。结论：预防阑尾残株炎的主要措施是是尽量完善阑尾切除手术。对已行阑尾切除术的患者再次出现右下腹部疼痛时等类似阑尾炎症状时,临床医生应考虑阑尾残株炎的可能,进一步行钡剂灌肠透视检查及腹部超声等辅助检查,必要时行腹腔镜腹腔探查以确诊,并应根据患者具体情况及时行手术切除阑尾残株。     

Controlled Cervical Laceration Injury in Mice

Use of genetically modified mice enhances our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying several neurological disorders such as a spinal cord injury (SCI). Freehand manual control used to produce a laceration model of SCI creates inconsistent injuries often associated with a crush or contusion component and, therefore, a novel technique was developed. Our model of cervical laceration SCI has resolved inherent difficulties with the freehand method by incorporating 1) cervical vertebral stabilization by vertebral facet fixation, 2) enhanced spinal cord exposure, and 3) creation of a reproducible laceration of the spinal cord using an oscillating blade with an accuracy of ±0.01 mm in depth without associated contusion. Compared to the standard methods of creating a SCI laceration such as freehand use of a scalpel or scissors, our method has produced a consistent lesion. This method is useful for studies on axonal regeneration of corticospinal, rubrospinal, and dorsal ascending tracts.     

Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Pyrosequencing is a versatile technique that facilitates microbial genome sequencing that can be used to identify bacterial species, discriminate bacterial strains and detect genetic mutations that confer resistance to anti-microbial agents. The advantages of pyrosequencing for microbiology applications include rapid and reliable high-throughput screening and accurate identification of microbes and microbial genome mutations. Pyrosequencing involves sequencing of DNA by synthesizing the complementary strand a single base at a time, while determining the specific nucleotide being incorporated during the synthesis reaction. The reaction occurs on immobilized single stranded template DNA where the four deoxyribonucleotides (dNTP) are added sequentially and the unincorporated dNTPs are enzymatically degraded before addition of the next dNTP to the synthesis reaction. Detection of the specific base incorporated into the template is monitored by generation of chemiluminescent signals. The order of dNTPs that produce the chemiluminescent signals determines the DNA sequence of the template. The real-time sequencing capability of pyrosequencing technology enables rapid microbial identification in a single assay. In addition, the pyrosequencing instrument, can analyze the full genetic diversity of anti-microbial drug resistance, including typing of SNPs, point mutations, insertions, and deletions, as well as quantification of multiple gene copies that may occur in some anti-microbial resistance patterns.     

Profiling the Triacylglyceride Contents in Bat Integumentary Lipids by Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

The mammalian integument includes sebaceous glands that secrete an oily material onto the skin surface. Sebum production is part of the innate immune system that is protective against pathogenic microbes. Abnormal sebum production and chemical composition are also a clinical symptom of specific skin diseases. Sebum contains a complex mixture of lipids, including triacylglycerides, which is species-specific. The broad chemical properties exhibited by diverse lipid classes hinder the specific determination of sebum composition. Analytical techniques for lipids typically require chemical derivatizations that are labor-intensive and increase sample preparation costs. This paper describes how to extract lipids from mammalian integument, separate broad lipid classes by thin-layer chromatography, and profile the triacylglyceride contents using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This robust method enables a direct determination of the triacylglyceride profiles among species and individuals, and it can be readily applied to any taxonomic group of mammals.     

慢性咳嗽的诊疗研究进展

咳嗽是一种反射性的防御动作,也是临床最常见的症状之一,可以起到清除气道内的分泌物、防止外来异物进入体内的作用,但同时咳嗽也有使呼吸道内感染扩散、导致呼吸道出血、诱发自发性气胸及影响工作、休息等对机体不利的影响.正确诊断和及时、有效的治疗咳嗽具有重要的临床意义.咳嗽的病因主要包括上气道咳嗽综合征、咳嗽变异性哮喘、嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎、胃食管反流性咳嗽和药物性咳嗽及精神性咳嗽.本文拟就近年来导致慢性咳嗽的常见病因的诊疗进展做一简要综述.