原位缺口平移标记断裂DNA技术及其在检测流行性出血热尸检和实验动物组织中细胞凋亡和早期死亡的应用

原位缺口平移技术（ＩＳＮＴ）已被用于检测细胞核中ＤＮＡ断裂鉴别尸检组织中细胞的凋亡和坏死断裂、流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）组织中存在散在单个细胞变性死亡和灶性梗死样坏死,前者带有细胞凋亡的特征。本文以ＥＨＦ肝脏和实验性病毒感染鼠脑组织为例,应用缺口平移法,在ＤＮＡ聚合酶或Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ酶的作用下,将地高辛标记的ｄＵＴＰ掺入合成到ＤＮＡ的断裂部位,通过碱性磷酸酶标抗地高辛抗体免疫组化法显示细胞ＤＮＡ的断裂,检测和鉴别细胞的凋亡和坏死。为分析死后解剖时间间隔及组织固定时间对该方法的影响,本文选用死后２～１４０ｈ尸检、经常规固定石蜡包埋后存放１０～３５年的标本和在１０％福尔马林固定了１０～３５年之后再进行常规处理的标本。实验时用蛋白酶Ｋ（ＰＫ）消化前后对比并分别在标记反应液中略去ＤＮＡ聚合酶作为阴性对照,用ＤＮＡ酶消化组织人为制造ＤＮＡ缺日作为阳性对照。结果发现,未经ＰＫ消化的组织,仅灶性肝细胞核ＩＳＮＴ标记阳性,经ＰＫ消化后,散在的带有凋亡特征的肝细胞胞核也出现阳性,灶性肝细胞胞核标记染色增强,但无论是蛋白酶消化与否,明确梗死样坏死的肝细胞均不被标记。结果还发现,死后２～２４ｈ内尸检组织和长时间（１０～３４年）存放的石     

A serotype-specific epitope of dengue virus 1 identified by phage displayed random peptide library

Abstract From a panel of monoclonal antibodies of dengue viruses, a serotype-specific epitope of dengue virus 1 was screened from a random peptide library displayed on phage. The epitope was the determinant reactive with monoclonal antibody 15F3-1 that was specific to dengue 1. The screening was monitored by a dot blotting procedure, and after three rounds of screening a consensus motif, HRYSWK, was found. This sequence matches the sequence HKYSWK, corresponding to the amino acid residues 885–890 of polyprotein or residues 111–116 of the non-structural protein 1 of dengue virus serotype 1. The linear epitope was confirmed by testing the antigenicity of chemically synthesized 8-branched peptide.     

Bahavioral fever in crayfish

Crayfish (Cambarus bartoni) were tested individually in an electronic shuttlebox thermoregulatory device which allowed them to control water temperature, and thereby their body temperature, by their movements.Crayfish which initially selected 22.1°C water increased their preferred temperature by 1.8°C following injection of killed bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila) into the gill cavity.This behavioral fever appears similar to that of vertebrates, and may enhance host defense reactions against pathogens.     

Induction of fever in a teleost fish (Lepomis gibbosus, L.)

Although fishes are ectotherms they are nevertheless able to thermoregulate behaviorally by selecting appropriate water temperatures (1). In a temperature gradient fish will congregate to a species-specific range of preferred temperature (“final thermal referendum”) which is unaffected by previous thermal history of the individual (2,3). Several aquatic (and terrestrial) ectothermic vertebrates have been found to exhibit “behavioral fever” which is manifested as an increase in preferred temperature above the final thermal preferendum (4). Fever can be elicited by pyrogens: whole bacteria (alive or killed), components of bacterial cellwall (endotoxins), endogenous pyrogens, prostaglandins or from several other sources (5). Since the results with fever induction in fish using whole bacteria or endotoxins are very scarce the aim of the present work was to compare possible thermoregulatory effects of endotoxins and prostaglandins in the same species (Lepomis gibbosus, L.) by means of identical methods.     

人源性流行性出血热病毒的形态特征

本文报道流行性出血热病毒(汉坦病毒)H-114株的电镜形态。发现形态发生以内质网膜和胞浆膜芽生为主。病毒颗粒为圆形或卵圆形。具有双层膜结构,大小为90～120nm。提出了汉坦病毒形态发生的理论观点。     

肾综合征出血热病毒糖蛋白的提纯和鉴定

以感染肾综合征出血热病毒(HFRSV)的Vero E6细胞为材料,用免疫亲和层析结合制备聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)从感染细胞中提纯了HFRSV两种糖蛋白。先用免疫亲和层析从感染细胞的粗制抗原中获得含有四种蛋白的混合液,用[~3H]-氨基葡萄糖在感染细胞中标记病毒糖蛋白,观察到[~3H]-氨基葡萄糖只结合入78K和57K的病毒蛋白。再用制备SDS-PAGE从HFRSV混合液中提纯78K和57K两种蛋白。实验证明这两种糖蛋白均具中和抗原决定簇,57K的糖蛋白尚具血凝活性,初步鉴定表明这两种糖蛋白相当于文献报道的HFRSV G_1和G_2。     

应用免疫金银技术检测猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株感染细胞

在应用免疫金银染色技术成功地对猪瘟病毒弱毒疫苗Thiveral株（CSFV．T株）感染的PK－15细胞进行检测的基础上,通过改进免疫金银反应的条件,进一步提高了免疫金银法的检测灵敏度和特异性。目前已将该技术应用到对猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒疫苗株（CSFVC株）感染细胞的检测,获得较为满意的实验结果。免疫金银染色技术的应用为研究CSFV在细胞中增殖的规律提供更为灵敏的检测手段,并且可望为猪瘟疫苗生产中的滴度测定提供一种简便有效的手段。     

流行性出血热地鼠肾细胞灭活疫苗人体试用细胞免疫反应观察

观察了20位志愿者在接种试验性流行性出血热(EHF)地鼠肾细胞(GHKC)双价灭活疫苗后的细胞免疫反应,并以其体液免疫反应作对照观察。用淋巴细胞转化试验测定细胞免疫水平。结果首针疫苗接种后42天和56天,特异性刺激指数(SSI)和非特异性刺激指数(NSI)均较免疫前显著增高(P_(SSI)<0.001;P_(NSI)<0.02),免疫后SSI累计阳转率为100％,NSI累计阳转率为60％,免疫后6个月二者均降低至正常水平。免疫后56天测定抗体,荧光抗体阳转率为100％;微量感染性中和试验表明,针对家鼠型病毒L99株中和抗体阳转率为95％,而针对野鼠型病毒JR株阳转率为65％。