耐辐射球菌DNA双链断裂修复机制研究新进展

耐辐射球菌对于电离辐射等DNA损伤剂具有极强的抗性,能够将同一个基因组中同时产生的高达100个以上的DNA双链断裂在数十小时内高效而精准地进行修复,是研究DNA双链断裂修复机制的重要模式生物。同源重组、非同源末端连接和单链退火途径作为3个主要的修复途径参与了耐辐射球菌基因组DNA双链断裂的修复过程。此外,一系列新发现的重要蛋白质,如Ppr I、Ddr B等对于耐辐射球菌基因组的修复过程同样至关重要。根据本实验室和国内外在这一研究领域近年来的报道,以不同的修复途径为线索,综述该菌DNA双链断裂修复机制的最新研究成果。     

Deinococcus misasensis and Deinococcus roseus, novel members of the genus Deinococcus, isolated from a radioactive site in Japan

Two gamma- and UV-radiation resistant, Gram-positive, red- or pink-pigmented, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial strains, TDMA-25^T and TDMA-uv51^T, were isolated from fresh water collected at Misasa, a radioactive site in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed both in a distinct lineage in the family Deinococcaceae, and the highest degrees of sequence similarity determined belonged to Deinococcus maricopensis LB-34^T (88.8–89.3%), Deinococcus pimensis KR-235^T (86.4–86.7%) and Deinococcus yavapaiensis KR-236^T (86.1%). The DNA G+C content of the strains was 53–58 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-8. The predominant fatty acids were C_15:0 iso, C_16:0 iso, C_13:0 iso, C_17:0 iso, C_16:0, C_13:0 anteiso, C_15:0 and C_12:0 iso. The strains degraded gelatin, casein, starch and Tween 80. Unique physiological characteristics, differences in their fatty acid profiles, and genotypic and phylogenetic features, differentiated strains TDMA-25^T and TDMA-uv51^T from closely related Deinococcus species. Hence, the two strains are described as novel species of the genus Deinococcus. The names Deinococcus misasensis sp. nov. (type strain TDMA-25^T=JCM 14369=NBRC 102116=CCUG 53610) and Deinococcus roseus sp. nov. (type strain TDMA-uv51^T=JCM 14370=NBRC 102117=CCUG 53611) are proposed.     

耐辐射奇球菌recA基因的克隆、表达及其对recA缺损大肠杆菌辐射抗性的影响

将耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)recA基因克隆到表达质粒pET15b中,并在Escherichia coli HMS中高效表达了可溶性的RecA重组蛋白。同时将recA基因通过穿梭质粒pRADZ3导入recA缺损E.coli TG2细胞中,Western印迹实验显示RecA蛋白能够在不需要诱导剂IPTG的条件下稳定表达。辐射抗性实验表明,D.radiodurans的recA基因在E.coli细胞中的表达能够完全补偿recA缺损E.coli辐射抗性能力。     

耐辐射奇球菌超氧化物歧化酶基因的克隆与序列分析

By using a 453 bp length gene fragment of superoxide dismutase(SOD)as a probe,which was firstly amplified from Deinococcus radiodurans genomic DNA by PCR with degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the conservative regions of known SODs,a putative SOD gene was identified from the database of D.radiodurans whole genome.Its 636 bp length open reading frame and 5′ and 3′ flanking sequence was determined.The conventional E.coli ribosomal and RNA polymerase binding sites were found upstream from SOD encoding region and an inverted repeat sequence downstream of the termination codon.The deduced 211 amino acid sequence of the structural gene showed a high similarity to other manganese and iron containing SODs in normally conserve regions.     

Effects of Mn levels on resistance of Bacillus megaterium spores to heat, radiation and hydrogen peroxide

Aims: To determine the effects of Mn levels in Bacillus megaterium sporulation and spores on spore resistance. Methods and Results: Bacillus megaterium was sporulated with no added MnCl₂ and up to 1 mmol l^?1 MnCl₂. The resultant spores were purified and loosely bound Mn removed, and spore Mn levels were found to vary c. 100‐fold. The Mn level had no effect on spore γ‐radiation resistance, but B. megaterium spores with elevated Mn levels had higher resistance to UVC radiation (as did Bacillus subtilis spores), wet and dry heat and H₂O₂. However, levels of dipicolinic acid and the DNA‐protective α/β‐type small, acid‐soluble spore proteins were the same in spores with high and low Mn levels. Conclusions: Mn levels either in sporulation or in spores are important factors in determining levels of B. megaterium spore resistance to many agents, with the exception of γ‐radiation. Significance and Impact of the Study: The Mn level in sporulation is an important factor to consider when resistance properties of B. megaterium spores are examined, and will influence the UV resistance of B. subtilis spores, some of which are used as biological dosimeters.     

耐辐射奇球菌crtI基因缺失突变株的构建及其功能研究

利用PCR方法和体内同源重组技术,对耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)中控制色素合成的关键基因———crtI进行缺失突变,成功获得红色色素缺失突变株M61。对突变株分别进行不同剂量电离辐射(IR)和不同浓度过氧化氢(H2O2)处理,结果表明:与野生型菌株R1相比,突变株M61对电离辐射的抗性降低;对过氧化氢的敏感性明显上升,在高浓度H2O2条件下表现异常敏感。HPLC分析结果显示,crtI基因的完全缺失对色素合成途径产生重要影响,导致番茄红素和其他红色类胡萝卜素的合成被抑制。证明crtI基因是耐辐射奇球菌中控制红色类胡萝卜素合成的一个关键基因。为阐明耐辐射奇球菌中类胡萝卜素参与的抗辐射和抗氧化机制奠定了一定基础,为进一步研究类胡萝卜素在耐辐射奇球菌中的合成途径及功能提供了思路。     

异常球菌属的分类及应用研究进展

异常球菌属的菌株是一类对引起细胞致死效应的辐射有极强抵抗能力的细菌,这类菌株不形成内生孢子,细胞呈球形或杆状,不具运动性。1956年,Anderson从经过射线灭菌处理后的肉罐头中发现了第一个异常球菌属的菌株（Deinococcus radiodurans）R1,该菌已得到了较为广泛的研究,以期阐明其抗辐射机制。伴随着微生物分类技术的发展,异常球菌属菌株的分类地位经历了很大的变化。目前,该属已涵盖了20个有效发表种。也由于异常球菌属菌株耐受辐射的能力是大肠杆菌忍耐辐射能力的千倍之上,而使其应用研究受到了广泛关注。     

Depletion of reduction potential and key energy generation metabolic enzymes underlies tellurite toxicity in Deinococcus radiodurans

Oxidative stress resistant Deinococcus radiodurans surprisingly exhibited moderate sensitivity to tellurite induced oxidative stress (LD₅₀ = 40 μM tellurite, 40 min exposure). The organism reduced 70% of 40 μM potassium tellurite within 5 h. Tellurite exposure significantly modulated cellular redox status. The level of ROS and protein carbonyl contents increased while the cellular reduction potential substantially decreased following tellurite exposure. Cellular thiols levels initially increased (within 30 min) of tellurite exposure but decreased at later time points. At proteome level, tellurite resistance proteins (TerB and TerD), tellurite reducing enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogense subunits E1 and E3), ROS detoxification enzymes (superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin reductase), and protein folding chaperones (DnaK, EF‐Ts, and PPIase) displayed increased abundance in tellurite‐stressed cells. However, remarkably decreased levels of key metabolic enzymes (aconitase, transketolase, 3‐hydroxy acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, electron transfer flavoprotein alpha, and beta) involved in carbon and energy metabolism were observed upon tellurite stress. The results demonstrate that depletion of reduction potential in intensive tellurite reduction with impaired energy metabolism lead to tellurite toxicity in D. radiodurans.     

紫外辐照恢复早期耐辐射奇球菌的转录组学分析（英文）

目的 耐辐射奇球菌是一种对紫外线、电离、干燥和化学试剂具有较强抗性的极端微生物。然而,该菌在紫外辐照后恢复早期的分子响应还不完全清楚。本文的目的是揭示耐辐射奇球菌在这一阶段的转录组响应。方法 本研究采用RNA-seq技术,测定了正常和紫外辐照培养条件下耐辐射奇球菌的转录组。为确定关键的差异表达基因及其调控关系,进行了功能富集分析。选取部分关键差异表达基因,进行实时定量PCR实验验证。利用以往研究中的转录组数据,寻找紫外辐照、电离辐射和干燥胁迫条件下公共的差异表达基因。构建了蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络;对蛋白质互作网络中的枢纽基因和主要模块进行了鉴定;对这些枢纽基因和模块进行了功能富集分析。结果 紫外辐照后的恢复早期,上调基因数量是下调基因数量的2倍以上,且多数与应激反应和DNA修复有关。恢复早期的修复途径主要有单链退火（SSA）途径（涉及基因：ddr A-D）、非同源端连接（NHEJ）途径（涉及基因：lig B、ppr A）和核苷酸切除修复（NER）途径（涉及基因：uvr A-C）,前两种途径为同源重组（HR）做准备,而NER途径去除紫外线照射带来的嘧啶二聚体。通过比较紫外辐照、电离辐...     

耐辐射球菌转录因子DdrO的基因克隆与生物信息学分析

目的：克隆耐辐射球菌ddrO基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析,预测其功能。方法：根据耐辐射球菌ddrO基因序列,由Primer Premier 5设计一对引物,以提取的耐辐射球菌基因组为模板,PCR扩增获得耐辐射球菌ddrO基因,序列测定并利用生物信息学软件对ddrO基因的理化性质、高级结构及生物学功能等进行分析与预测。结果：成功获得了ddrO基因。生物信息学分析发现,ddrO基因核苷酸序列长度为396bp,编码一个131aa组成的相对分子质量为14.993kD的预测的DdrO转录因子。核酸同源性搜索及比较分析仅在与耐辐射球菌同属的Deinococcus geothermalis和Deinococcus deserti中发现高度相似的序列;蛋白同源性搜索发现一些与DdrO显著同源的蛋白,如Deide_20570（95%）,Dgeo_0336（90%）,Deide_3p02170（82%）等;结构域分析发现DdrO含有HTH（helix-turn-helix）DNA结合结构域。结论：根据生物信息学结果预测DdrO蛋白可能具有转录调控作用,参与DNA修复和复制,在耐辐射球菌的DNA损伤修复过程中发挥一定作用。