米槁组织培养不定芽发生与继代增殖

该研究以米槁的带腋芽茎段为实验材料,建立米槁不定芽诱导及增殖培养体系,探究不同消毒时间、取材时间及不同激素种类和浓度配比条件对米槁带芽茎段不定芽诱导及增殖的影响。结果表明：(1)外植体最适消毒方式为75%酒精30 s + 0.1% HgCl₂ 6.5 min,11月为外植体取材进行消毒的最佳时期。(2)最适不定芽诱导培养基为MS + 3.0 mg/L 6 BA + 0.3 mg/L IBA + 6.5 g/L琼脂+ 30 g/L蔗糖,不定芽诱导率可达到81.24%;6 BA和NAA均能促进米槁不定芽的增殖,且NAA是不定芽增殖的主要影响因素。(3)最适不定芽增殖培养基为MS + 0.1 mg/L 6 BA + 1.0 mg/L NAA + 0.3 g/L AC + 6.5 g/L琼脂 + 30 g/L蔗糖,不定芽平均增殖系数达到2.79。该研究基本建立了米槁不定芽诱导及增殖培养体系,为其深层次的资源开发、利用及快速繁殖提供了一条新的路径。     

丹参愈伤组织的诱导及增殖效应

以丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge)的幼叶、茎、叶柄为外植体,接种于附加2,4—D、MM、Kr、Zr、6—BA及其组合的hIs固体培养基上,结果发现单独使用四种植物生长调节物质在一定浓度范围均有愈伤组织产生;最佳组合的诱导培养基为MS 2,4—D0．5mg/L 6—BA1．0mg/L。进一步研究发现,在黑暗和光照培养条件下,愈伤组织增殖呈“S”型,且生长周期均为30天。     

钝齿棒杆菌溶氧诱导型启动子的筛选及其功能验证

[目的]筛选钝齿棒杆菌(Corynebacterium crenatum)SYPA5-5内源溶氧诱导型启动子,验证其在不同溶氧条件下受溶氧调控的功能.[方法]以本课题组前期利用双向电泳结合质谱鉴定技术分离鉴定出的高低供氧条件下钝齿棒杆菌SYPA5-5胞内的显著差异蛋白(27个)为基础,结合棒杆菌基因组信息分析高低溶氧状态下显著差异蛋白中单位拷贝的表达量,以其中单位拷贝表达量高的蛋白为目的蛋白,克隆目的蛋白编码基因的上游启动子,分别替换棒杆菌-大肠杆菌穿梭表达质粒pDXW-8的外源tac启动子,在大肠杆菌和钝齿棒杆菌中表达报告基因gfp和cat,并检测其表达效率.[结果]筛选出高溶氧上调蛋白转酮醇酶和延胡索酸水化酶作为目的蛋白,克隆其启动子区命名为P-tkt和P-fum.在重组大肠杆菌和重组钝齿棒杆菌中,P-tkt在高溶氧条件下CAT活性是低溶氧条件下CAT活性的2.8和3.2倍.该结果在5L发酵罐中得到验证.[结论]启动子P-tkt为首次筛选到的钝齿棒杆菌内源性高溶氧诱导型启动子,适用于高溶氧条件发酵生产氨基酸的菌株中,有利于在高供氧条件下提高棒杆菌中氨基酸的合成代谢能力.     

A gene encoding a novel isoform of the PR-1 protein family from tomato is induced upon viroid infection

A Lycopersicon esculentum cDNA clone encoding an acidic-type pathogenesis-related protein (PR-lal) was isolated, sequenced and characterized. It contains an open reading frame of 175 amino acids and the mature protein, after cleavage of the 21 amino acid signals peptide, has a pl of 5.24. The protein shows highest homology (75% identity) with the basic pathogenesis-related prb-lb protein from tobacco. The PR-lal gene shows constitutive expression in roots from tomato plants. It is expressed in leaves and stems upon viroid infection, and appears to be induced by ethylene. Comparative studies of this gene and a related basic isoform of PR-1 indicate that the expression of these two members of the PR-1 gene family in tomato may be differentially regulated upon viroid infection.The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession number X71592.     

Kinetics of chlorophenol degradation by benzoate-induced culture of Rhodococcus erythropolis M1

A pure culture of Rhodococcus erythropolis was isolated with the ability to degrade 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Degradation of 2-chlorophenol by the uninduced culture of Rhodococcus erythropolis began after a prolonged lag period and complete mineralization of the substrates took 45 days. With the aim of reducing the lag period and subsequently improving the rate of degradation, the cells of the isolate were induced with benzoate, phenol, toluene and catechol individually. Benzoate-induced cells showed the highest rate of degradation and were thus used for the study of the degradation kinetics of 2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Complete mineralization of these substrates was achieved up to a concentration of 300, 100 and 50 mg l^–1 respectively. Degradation of the chlorophenols was initiated without any significant lag and took the remarkably short time periods of 84, 64 and 144 h for the highest concentrations of the substrate. Evaluation of kinetic parameters showed chlorophenol degradation to follow substrate inhibition kinetics. This is evident from the decrease in specific growth rate, growth yield and substrate uptake rate with increase in the initial substrate concentrations. Toxicity of the chlorophenols was observed to depend on the position of chlorine on the benzene ring and the degree of chlorination.     

茯苓生物学研究和菌核栽培现状及展望

茯苓Wolfiporia cocos是我国药食两用的传统中药,本文对茯苓的分类地位、交配型、生活史、遗传育种、菌核栽培以及组学相关研究进展进行了总结,对有关专利进行了分析。以研究及生产现状为基础,分析了茯苓在基础生物学方面研究的不足、菌核栽培中存在的相关问题,重点分析了交配型研究、子实体诱导形成和生活史研究等重要方面,并对未来茯苓生物学研究和科学栽培进行了展望。     

水杨酸诱导小白菜抗霜霉病的作用研究

以小白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinesis L.)为材料,采用叶面喷洒的方法施用不同浓度水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA),研究了SA小白菜对霜霉病的抗性诱导,并对经SA诱导后小白菜植株体内相关酶活性进行了研究.结果发现,在0.2～2.0 mmol·L-1的浓度范围内,随着SA浓度的增加,SA的诱导防治效果先增后减,1.0 mmol·L-1浓度为诱导抗性最适浓度.经SA诱导后,小白菜植株体内SOD、POD和PPO等酶活性也明显增强.     

细胞自噬的诱导及检测技术在细胞生物学实验教学中的应用实例

细胞自噬是一种在进化上高度保守的溶酶体吞噬降解自身成分的胞内代谢途径。它与多种生理功能有关,如在饥饿、刺激等不利环境条件下,细胞通过自噬降解多余或异常的大分子,为细胞的生存提供能量及原材料,促进生物体的生长发育、细胞分化及对环境变化产生应答。但是,过度的自噬可以导致细胞死亡,因此自噬又被称为II型程序性细胞死亡,这是除凋亡和坏死之外的一种新的细胞死亡方式。另外,自噬异常与多种病理过程如肿瘤、神经退行性病变、病原体感染等密切相关。由于细胞自噬在生理和病理过程中都发挥着重要作用,因此,自噬成为细胞生物学领域的一个新的研究热点。以细胞自噬为研究内容,设计了适合在本科生课程中开设的细胞自噬的诱导及观察实验项目,对该实验项目的实验原理、实验设计与安排等进行了详细的介绍,为该项目在实验课程中的推广提供了有益的参考。