肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者治疗中限制输血量对疗效的影响

目的：研究限制输血输液量在肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者治疗中的疗效。方法：将98例患者随机分为两组。治疗组（55例）采用限制输血输液量方法进行治疗,同时进行其它常规止血治疗。对照组（43例）采用相对无限制大量输血输液方法治疗,余治疗方法同治疗组。分别观察两组患者24h、48h、72h内出血停止情况和总有效率。结果：治疗组患者24h、48h、72h内出血停止例数和总有效率明显高于对照组患者。P〈0．01。结论：限制输血输液量在治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血中的止血率高,其作用明显优于相对无限制输血输液量对其治疗的疗效。     

ET-1、IL-6对肝炎后肝硬化患者预后的评价

目的:探讨肝炎后肝硬化患者血浆活性物质ET-1、IL-6的表达及其对患者预后判断的意义。方法:对70例肝炎后肝硬化患者按照Child-Pugh分级标准分为A级(23例)、B级(22例)和C级(25例)三组,并采用30例健康志愿者作为对照。采用放射免疫(RIA)方法检测ET-1和IL-6水平,对获得的数据进行统计学处理。结果:肝炎后肝硬化组ET-1和IL-6水平较健康组明显升高(P<0.01),且A、B、C三组中的ET-1和IL-6水平比较具有统计学意义。结论:ET-1和IL-6水平可反映肝炎后肝硬化肝脏损害程度,可作为预后判断的重要指标。     

不同肝血流阻断方式肝切除手术对原发性肝癌合并肝硬化患者肝功能及肠黏膜屏障的影响

目的:探讨肝切除手术运用Pringle法阻断、半肝血流阻断(HVC)后对原发性肝癌合并肝硬化患者肝功能及肠黏膜屏障的影响。方法:选取2016年4月～2019年9月期间我院收治的原发性肝癌合并肝硬化患者93例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为A组(n=46,Pringle法阻断)和B组(n=47,HVC),比较两组患者围术期指标、肝功能指标[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)以及总胆红素(TBIL)]、肠黏膜屏障指标[D-乳酸,内毒素]及并发症发生情况。结果:两组阻断时间、术中失血量、手术时间比较无差异(P0.05);B组住院时间短于A组(P0.05)。两组术前、术后3 d、术后7 d ALT、AST、TBIL呈升高后降低趋势,且B组低于A组(P0.05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。两组术前、术后3 d、术后7dD-乳酸、内毒素呈升高后降低趋势,且B组低于A组(P0.05)。结论:与Pringle法阻断相比,原发性肝癌合并肝硬化患者在肝切除手术中运用HVC,可有效缩短住院时间,减轻肝功能及肠黏膜屏障损害,且不增加并发症发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

New avenues to treatment of liver cirrhosis

<正>Liver cirrhosis is the pathologic end stage of multiple liver diseases.The major complications of liver cirrhosis,such as hepatic encephalopathy,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and esophageal variceal bleeding are characterized by remarkable changes of the gut microbiota,which indicates that enteric dysbiosis might play an important role in the progression of liver cirrhosis[1,2].The human gastrointes-     

围手术期介入治疗对伽玛刀治疗肝癌肝硬化临床疗效及预后的影响

目的:探究围手术期介入治疗对伽玛刀治疗肝癌肝硬化临床疗效及预后的影响。方法:选取2013年1月～2015年1月在我院就诊的肝癌肝硬化患者共61例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(30例)和观察组(31例),对照组患者仅进行伽玛刀治疗,观察组患者进行围手术期介入治疗联合伽玛刀治疗,比较两组患者治疗后的总有效率、治疗后1年和3年的生存率以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组患者治疗后总有效率为77.4%,显著高于对照组(53.3%,P0.05);观察组治疗后1年和3年生存率分别为74.2%、45.2%,均显著高于对照组(53.3%、20.0%,P0.05);两组患者治疗后均发生不同程度的不良反应,但经对症治疗均有效好转,两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:围手术期介入治疗联合伽玛刀治疗肝癌患者可以有效提高治疗的总有效率以及治疗后1年和3年的生存率,且安全性好。     

Characteristic glycopeptides associated with extreme human longevity identified through plasma glycoproteomics

Background

Glycosylation is highly susceptible to changes of the physiological conditions, and accordingly, is a potential biomarker associated with several diseases and/or longevity. Semi-supercentenarians (SSCs; older than 105?years) are thought to be a model of human longevity. Thus, we performed glycoproteomics using plasma samples of SSCs, and identified proteins and conjugated N-glycans that are characteristic of extreme human longevity.

Cholemic nephropathy – Historical notes and novel perspectives

Acute kidney injury is common in patients with liver disease and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Besides bacterial infections, fluid loss, and use of nephrotoxic drugs AKI in liver disease may be triggered by tubular toxicity of cholephiles. Cholemic nephropathy, also known as bile cast nephropathy, supposedly represents a widely underestimated but important cause of renal dysfunction in cholestasic or advanced liver diseases with jaundice. Cholemic nephropathy describes impaired renal function along with characteristic histomorphological changes consisting of intratubular cast formation and tubular epithelial cell injury directed towards distal nephron segments. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms are not entirely understood and clear defined diagnostic criteria are still missing.This review aims to summarize (i) the present knowledge on clinical and morphological characteristics of cholemic nephropathy, (ii) available preclinical models, (iii) potential pathomechanisms especially the potential role of bile acids, and (iv) future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cholemic nephropathy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Disease edited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.     

Lipid peroxidation assessed by serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in healthy subjects and in patients with pathologies known to affect trace element status

Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Zn, Cu, and Se concentrations were determined in 47 healthy adults and in patients with diseases, such as renal in sufficiency, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, or cancer, in order to clarify the relationship between this indicator of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative trace element status. TBARS levels were higher than control values in all pathological cases, except in cancer patients. Cu levels in patients highly correlated with ferroxidase ceruloplasmin activity (r=0.86), but were only statistically different from controls in diabetics. Zn levels were lower than normal in dialysis, liver cirrhosis, and cancer patients. Se levels were significantly decreased in all pathological cases. Half of the subjects with liver cirrhosis or renal insufficiency and 3/4 of chronic pancreatitis or cancer patients had an active inflammatory process. Despite intense modifications in determined indicators, no clear correlation could be demonstrated between the different parameters. Basic antioxidative trace element status and inflammation are therefore not major determinants of TBARS levels in normal and in pathological conditions, despite of the frequent association of low serum Zn and mainly low serum Se with high TBARS levels.     

Molecular basis of pathophysiology of Indian childhood cirrhosis: Role of nuclear copper accumulation in liver

Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (ICC) is a disease of abnormal copper metabolism commonly characterized by swelling and degeneration of liver cells along with the presence of orcein staining deposits of copper. Hepatic copper content of ICC patients was about 43 fold higher than those of control subjects. The data on sub-cellular distribution of copper revealed massive accumulation of Copper (73%) of total cell copper) in the nuclear fraction (455 g Cu/g tissue nuclei). On further distribution of copper in nuclear fraction, the enrichment of copper in heterochromatin and euchromatin of ICC nuclei was found to be 48 and 15 fold higher over control fractions respectively. The ultra-violet spectra of heterochromatin and euchromatin isolated from ICC nuclear fraction showed a broad absorption maxima as compared to controls. Further, A260/A280 ratio was markedly lower in heterochromatin and euchromatin of ICC liver in comparison to controls. An antioxidant enzyme, catalase activity was also significantly reduced in ICC liver as compared to control. Further, DNA fragmentation studies indicated that there was significantly increased DNA fragmentation in ICC liver. Collectively, these findings suggest that massive accumulation of copper in nucleus and decrease in catalase activity was associated with DNA fragmentation in hepatocyte of ICC disease.Abbreviations ICC Indian Childhood Cirrhosis     

复方氨基酸对肝硬化患者肝功能及AFP、CA199和CEA水平的影响

目的:探讨复方氨基酸对肝硬化患者肝功能以及甲胎蛋白(Alpha fetal protein,AFP)、糖类抗原19-9(Carbohydrate antigen19-9,CA199)、癌胚抗原(Cancer embryo antigen,CEA)水平影响。方法:选取我院消化科收治的肝硬化患者98例,根据治疗方法的不同分为两组。对照组予以常规保肝治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上予以复方氨基酸注射液治疗。比较两组患者治疗1周及2周后的肝功能以及AFP、CA199及CEA水平的变化情况。结果:与对照组比较,实验组的临床疗效较高(87.04%Vs 72.22%),(P0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗一周后实验组ALT水平较低(195.37±13.42 U/L Vs 154.72±13.44 U/L)、AST水平较低(323.41±21.33 U/L Vs 233.55±21.63 U/L),TB水平较低(125.36±4.26 U/L Vs 108.16±6.45 U/L)(P0.05),治疗两周后,实验组ALT水平较低(124.28±15.84 U/L Vs 78.53±12.55U/L)、AST水平较低(147.15±13.56 U/L Vs 83.42±20.88 U/L),TB水平较低(92.82±9.64 U/L Vs 56.32±7.43)(P0.05)。结论:复方氨基酸能够影响肝硬化患者肝功能,改善患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效。