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91.
92.
Dan‐Ju Luo Qiong Feng Zhi‐Hao Wang Dong‐Sheng Sun Qun Wang Jian‐Zhi Wang Gong‐Ping Liu 《Journal of neurochemistry》2014,130(6):816-825
Phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator (PTPA) is decreased in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the AD transgenic mouse models. Here, we investigated whether down‐regulation of PTPA affects cell viability and the underlying mechanisms. We found that PTPA was located in the integral membrane of mitochondria, and knockdown of PTPA induced cell apoptosis in HEK293 and N2a cell lines. PTPA knockdown decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced Bax translocation into the mitochondria with a simultaneous release of Cyt C, activation of caspase‐3, cleavage of poly (DNA ribose) polymerase (PARP), and decrease in Bcl‐xl and Bcl‐2 protein levels. Over‐expression of Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit (PP2AC) did not rescue the apoptosis induced by PTPA knockdown, and PTPA knockdown did not affect the level of and their phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), indicating that PP2A and MAPKs were not involved in the apoptosis induced by PTPA knockdown. In the cells with over‐expression of tau, PTPA knockdown induced PP2A inhibition and tau hyperphosphorylation but did not cause significant cell death. These data suggest that PTPA deficit causes apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial pathway and simultaneous tau hyperphosphorylation attenuates the PTPA‐induced cell death.
93.
Rebecca M. Hamner Rochelle Constantine Marc Oremus Martin Stanley Phillip Brown C. Scott Baker 《Marine Mammal Science》2014,30(1):139-153
For endangered populations with low genetic diversity, low levels of immigration could lead to genetic rescue, reducing the risk of inbreeding depression and enhancing chances of long‐term species survival. Our genetic monitoring of Maui's dolphins revealed the first contemporary dispersal of their sister subspecies, Hector's dolphin, from New Zealand's South Island into the Maui's dolphin distribution along ~300 km of the North Island's northwest coast. From 2010 to 2012, 44 individuals were sampled within the Maui's dolphin distribution, four of which were genetically identified as Hector's dolphins (two living females, one dead female, one dead male). We also report two Hector's dolphins (one dead female neonate, one living male) sampled along the North Island's southwest coast, outside the presumed range of either subspecies. Together, these records demonstrate long‐distance dispersal by Hector's dolphins (≥400 km) and the possibility of an unsampled Hector's dolphin population along the southwest coast of the North Island. Although two living Hector's dolphins were found in association with Maui's dolphins, there is currently no evidence of interbreeding between the subspecies. These results highlight the value of genetic monitoring for subspecies lacking distinctive physical appearances as such discoveries are not detected by other means, but have important conservation implications. 相似文献
94.
Abida Arshad Xuechai Chen Zhenzhen Cong Hong Qing Yulin Deng 《Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica》2014,(1):22-30
Neurotoxins and alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), but the role of store-operated Ca2+ entry channels is not well understood. Previous studies have shown the neurotoxicity of salsolinol and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion on SH-SY5Y cells and cytoprotection induced by transient receptor potential protein 1 (TRPC1). In the present study, N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol was tested for its cellular toxicity and effects on TRPC1 expression. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipbenyl- tetrazolium bromide) assays, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-pheny- lindole), fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin-V/propidium iodide, western blot analysis, and JC-1 labeling revealed that the three indicated drugs could induce caspase-dependent, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to the indicated drugs resulted in a significant decrease in thapsigargin-mediated Ca2+ influx and TRPC1 expression. Immnnocytochemistry experiments revealed that neurotoxins treatment induced TRPC1 translocation to the cytoplasm. Taken together, our results indicate that treatment with neurotoxins may alter Ca2+ homeostasis and induce mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent cytotoxicity, an important characteristic of PD. 相似文献
95.
The innate immune system utilizes pattern recognition receptors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)to sense cytosolic double-stranded(ds) DNA and initiate type 1 interferon signaling and autophagy pathway, which collaborate to limit pathogen infections as well as alarm the adaptive immune response. The genomes of herpesviruses are large dsDNA, which represent a major class of pathogen signatures recognized by cellular DNA sensor cGAS. However, to successfully establish the persistent infection, herpesviruses have evolved their viral genes to modulate different aspects of host immune signaling. This review summarizes the evasion strategies of host cGAS DNA sensing pathway by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus(KSHV) and their contributions to KSHV life cycles. 相似文献
96.
目的报道1例铁锈色小孢子菌感染引起的结节性肉芽肿及病理改变,探讨诊断和治疗。方法反复取感染部位分泌物进行细菌和真菌培养,对皮损进行病理检查,将培养菌落进行rDNAITS测序鉴定。结果分泌物PDA培养基中可见灰色菌落,表面呈绒毛状,37℃生长良好,镜下可见分隔菌丝未见分生孢子。分子生物学ITS测序结果显示:病原菌与铁锈色小孢子菌相似率为100%。确诊后用伊曲康唑治疗取得良好效果。结论在新疆特别是南疆地区头癣是很常见的皮肤病。对皮肤出现结节性损害且长期抗炎治疗不愈的患者,要考虑真菌感染的可能,及时诊断并早期进行抗真菌治疗。 相似文献
97.
Exploitation of biological resources and the harvest of population species are commonly practiced in fisheries, forestry and
wild life management. Estimation of maximum harvesting effort has a great impact on the economics of fisheries and other bio-resources.
The present paper deals with the problem of a bioeconomic fishery model under environmental variability. A technique for finding
the maximum harvesting effort in fluctuating environment has been developed in a two-species competitive system, which shows
that under realistic environmental variability the maximum harvesting effort is less than what is estimated in the deterministic
model. This method also enables us to find out the safe regions in the parametric space for which the chance of extinction
of the species is minimized. A real life fishery problem has been considered to obtain the inaccessible parameters of the
system in a systematic way. Such studies may help resource managers to get an idea for controlling the system. 相似文献
98.
Lee MS Kao SC Lemere CA Xia W Tseng HC Zhou Y Neve R Ahlijanian MK Tsai LH 《The Journal of cell biology》2003,163(1):83-95
Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) aggregate in senile plaque is a key characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) on threonine 668 (P-APP) may play a role in APP metabolism. In AD brains, P-APP accumulates in large vesicular structures in afflicted hippocampal pyramidal neurons that costain with antibodies against endosome markers and the beta-secretase, BACE1. Western blot analysis reveals increased levels of T668-phosphorylated APP COOH-terminal fragments in hippocampal lysates from many AD but not control subjects. Importantly, P-APP cofractionates with endosome markers and BACE1 in an iodixanol gradient and displays extensive colocalization with BACE1 in rat primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, APP COOH-terminal fragments generated by BACE1 are preferentially phosphorylated on T668 verses those produced by alpha-secretase. The production of Abeta is significantly reduced when phosphorylation of T668 is either abolished by mutation or inhibited by T668 kinase inhibitors. Together, these results suggest that T668 phosphorylation may facilitate the BACE1 cleavage of APP to increase Abeta generation. 相似文献
99.
A convenient synthesis of [1-14C]-mono-trans fatty acid using olefin inversion as a key-step is described. This methodology allows for a facile synthesis of [1-14C]-labelled mono-trans analogues of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. As an example, only eleven steps were necessary to obtain the [1-14C]-mono-E isomers of linolenic acid from its commercial all-Z form. In the first step, Barton's decarboxylation procedure yielded a bromo intermediate. Epoxidation of this compound resulted in the formation of three monoepoxides, which could be separated by HPLC. After identification by 1H NMR and MS, the pure monoepoxides were then subjected to inversion consisting of a stereospecific deoxygenation followed by a beta-elimination step. Finally, the labelling was introduced by substitution of the bromine by a [14C]-cyano group followed by hydrolysis. 相似文献
100.
目的:提取轻度认知障碍(MCI)、阿尔茨海默型痴呆(DAT)患者血液标本以及PC-12细胞培养基标本中的外吐小体并检测其中miRNA-135a含量。方法:使用超速离心法分离7例MCI、18例DAT患者、健康对照组的血清和血浆及PC-12细胞培养基中的外吐小体,使用实时定量PCR检测外吐小体中miRNA-135a的含量。结果:在PC-12细胞培养基、血清和血浆标本外吐小体中检出了miRNA-135a。MCI和DAT患者血清、血浆外吐小体miRNA-135a水平显著低于健康对照组(P〈0.05),但MCI患者血清、血浆外吐小体miRNA-135a水平与DAT患者相比无显著性差异(P〉0.05)。MCI、DAT和健康对照三者的血清和血浆标本外吐小体miRNA-135a水平均无相关性(P〉0.05)。结论:本研究证实了血液和脑脊液标本外吐小体中存在miRNA-135a,对将外吐小体miRNA作为AD诊疗潜在标志物提供了证据。 相似文献