昆明、武定地区早寒武世关山动物群的双瓣壳节肢动物

报道采自昆明、武定地区下寒武统沧浪铺阶乌龙箐组下部黄绿色页岩层中的双瓣壳节肢动物Tuzoia和Isoxys,讨论Tuzoia和Isoxys两属的特征和种群、地质、地理分布、软体附肢、分类位置、古生态及其演化趋势。详细描述关山动物群中Tuzoia和Isoxys的3种(其中2新种):TuzoiasinensisP’an,1957,T.tylodesaLuoetHusp.nov.,IsoxyswudingensisLuoetHusp.nov.,和I.sp.。     

Faunistische Untersuchungen im hyporheischen Interstitial des Flusses Mur (Steiermark, Österreich)

Faunistic Investigations of the Hyporheic Interstitial of the River Mur (Styria, Austria) Two distinct sections of the River Mur (Styria, Austria), one almost unpolluted and the other heavily polluted by domestic and industrial waste waters, were investigated for two years. Faunistic, hydrographic, and ecological investigations were carried out at the river bottom, including particularly the hyporheic interstitial zone. All species found were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively, and ecological factors are stressed. The composition of the fauna of the unpolluted area differs markedly from that in the polluted section.     

Half a century of oligochaete research in Estonian running waters

About 51500 specimens from 1542 samples, collected over the years 1954–1975 and 1986–1999 in different running water bodies throughout Estonia, were identified. Tubificidae prevailed in the material, with Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri forming about 40%. This species was followed by the tubificids Tubifex tubifex, Potamothrix hammoniensis, Psammoryctides barbatus, L. udekemianus and Spirosperma ferox, the naidid Stylaria lacustris, and the lumbriculid Stylodrilus heringianus. Two main ecological assemblages were distinguished: the pelophilous assemblage, dominated by L. hoffmeisteri, and the psammophilous one, where usually P. barbatus was dominant. The relationships between different species and the chemical parameters of water were usually weak but in contrast, correlated well with sediment preferences. In organically enriched reaches, L. hoffmeisteri usually dominated. The fauna of the streams of the islands was poorer in species due to their small size rather than geographical isolation. Some recent antropochorous Ponto-Caspian invaders have only reached the lowermost reaches of the two largest rivers. Some brackish water species were found in the mouth of the Pärnu River. No essential differences were found between the comparable sets of oligochaete samples collected in 1954–1975 and 1987–1997 in the Estonian running waters.     

Effects of management works on the interstitial fauna of floodplain aquatic systems (River Rhône, France)

Long-term changes in composition, structure and biodiversity (i.e. taxonomic richness, diversity index, species traits and habitat-affinity) of interstitial assemblages were studied in two floodplain systems: a restored backwater and an artificial drainage canal. Before restoration, the backwater, affected by both terrestrialisation and eutrophication, was weakly populated by a low diversified fauna dominated by walkers, macrofauna, detritivores, and stygoxenes (i.e. taxa that occur incidentally in ground waters) that reproduce biparentally and lack parental care. This backwater displayed an upstream–downstream gradient in response to restoration works. Upstream, the dredging of fine organic sediments favoured inputs of nutrient-poor groundwater and exchanges between groundwater and surface water that induced an increase in taxonomic richness (in both herbivores and stygoxenes). Downstream the deposition of fine sediment that was suspended in the water column by restoration work enhanced colmation that induced a decrease in herbivore and swimming taxa, and an increase in mesofaunal taxa, whilst phreatobites (i.e. taxa specialized to interstitial life) remained absent from the system. The drainage canal that was artificially hollowed-out to lower the surrounding water table, harbors mixed assemblages of epigean (i.e. taxa of surface-water habitats) and hypogean (i.e. taxa of groundwater habitats) taxa. The upstream part, which is weakly influenced by surface waters, was colonized by phreatobites as oligotrophic conditions increased. The intermediate part, which is fed by surface water and where mesotrophic conditions occurred as habitats progressively matured and diversified, showed diversification of its fauna. The downstream part of the drainage canal displayed the reverse dynamic – this suggests a reduction in groundwater supply due to the clogging of sediment interstices fine sediments, the deposition of which is linked to the Rossillon backwater restoration works.     

云南西双版纳甲壳动物分布及区系特点(节肢动物门:甲壳动物总纲)

根据以往多年及近期对西双版纳甲壳动物包括介形类,枝角类,挠足类,陆生等足类,虾类,蟹类等的研究结果,将其种类组成,地理分布及区系特点予以分析探讨,指明该地区在世界动物地理区划中,应归入南亚－东南亚亚区中的印支－巽他分区,在中国动物地理区划占应为一个独立的小区。     

中国高山萤叶甲区系研究

讨论的高山萤叶甲系指分布在海拔２５００ｍ以上的中国种类,总计１３１种,分隶于４９属,分别占萤叶甲亚科我国已知种,属的１／６和１／２,其分布区域以青藏高原,特别是横断山区种,属分布最为密集。部分属,种也涉及到台湾,而且表现出台湾与中国西部横断山区间断分布现象。     

西双版纳热带雨林蚁科昆虫区系分析

在西双版纳热带雨林已鉴定蚊科昆虫９亚科７６属２６７种。西双版纳地区的蚂蚁区系以热带至亚热带分布的东洋界成分最为丰富。在属级水平上,与马来西亚界关系最为密切。与澳洲界关系较密切;与非洲界和马拉加西界的关系知中。与新北界,新热带界和古北界的关系最为疏远。可见西双版纳的蚂蚁区系具有典型的热带亚洲起源特征,同时与澳洲和非洲的热带区系有一定的渊源关系。     

Sampling adequacy in an extreme environment: species richness patterns in Slovenian caves

Caves harbor a rich fauna unique to subterranean environments. Although extensive records of cave animals are available, only a small fraction of known caves in any region have been biologically assessed. We investigated the impact of incomplete sampling using one of the richest, best documented cave faunas in the world – that of the Dinaric karst of Slovenia. We utilized time snapshots (1940, 1970, and 2000) of the caves and cave fauna to analyze stability of hotspots, spatial pattern, and relationship between number of species and number of caves. Using data aggregated into 100km² hexagons, the location of hotspots, black–white joins, Moran's I, and spatial autocorrelation all remained constant, at least from 1970 on. The linear regression coefficient of the relationship between number of caves and number of species declined with time. Most hexagons had been sampled, but there was no indication that any hexagon had been sampled intensively enough for the accumulation curve of number of caves versus number of species within a hexagon to reach an asymptote. This appeared to be the result of a highly skewed distribution of species richness among caves. Number and position of hotspots can be predicted from information on these few high diversity caves.     

中国夜蛾科昆虫区系初步研究（鳞翅目：双孔亚目）

对我国分布记载较详细的１４１０种夜蛾科昆虫区系分析结果表明：１）在世界昆虫区系中,可分为１７个分布型,以东洋界种类最多,占３５．６％;古北界种类居第二,占３３．０％;古北界和东洋界共有种类居第三,占２３．０％。２）中国夜蛾科昆虫主要由古北界种类、东洋界种类、古北界和东洋界共有种类组成,占总数的９１．７％;与澳洲界共有６７种,占４．８％;与非洲界共有５１种,占３．６％;与新北界共有２３种,占１．６％