Spatial heterogeneity of DTPA-extractable zinc in cultivated soils induced by city pollution and land use

The spatial heterogeneity of DTPA-extractable zinc in the cultivated soils of Shenyang suburbs in Liaoning Province of China was investigated, and its map was drawn by the methods of geostatistics combined with geographic information system. The data of soil DTPA-extractable zinc fitted normal distribution after logarithm transformation, and its semivariogram fitted a spherical model. The semivariogram indicated that the spatial dependence of soil DTPA-extractable zinc content was moderate, with the spatial dependence range of 1.69 km and the fractal dimension of 1.96. Stochastic factors contributed to 49.9% of the spatial variability, while structural factors contributed to 50.1% of it. The spatial heterogeneity of soil DTPA-extractable zinc shown by a kriged interpolation map was deeply influenced by stochastic factors such as city pollution, land use pattern and crop distributions. For example, the average content of Zn in vegetable garden soils was 2.5-4 times as much as in their originated soils, an     

甘肃省武威市胃癌患者肠道菌群分布

目的 通过比较甘肃省武威市胃癌患者和健康对照人群肠道菌群的分布,探讨胃癌患者肠道菌群的变化与胃癌发生发展的关系,并寻找可能作为该地区胃癌患者的潜在生物标志物.方法 收集24例胃癌患者和24例健康对照人群的粪便样本,提取DNA,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序进行肠道菌群分析.结果 分析2组研究对象肠道菌群的Alpha...     

生态系统生态服务的供应与消耗平衡关系分析

目前对生态服务功能价值的研究主要集中在自然生态系统的供应方面,而对人工生态系统,尤其是建设用地系统对生态服务价值的消费或影响重视不够。在Costanza全球生态服务价值研究成果基础上,采用替代成本法、防治成本法、影子价格法等多种间接市场方法给出人工生态系统对生态服务消费或影响的估算方法,并结合江苏省太仓市的应用实例,研究其生态系统服务1996—2003不同年度变化的供应及消费情况,并在此基础上分析生态服务的平衡状况,结果显示,1996-2001年间生态服务基本保持平衡,2001年后生态净服务（供需相抵后的生态服务）呈急剧下降之势,建议在今后的社会经济活动中应适量降低活动强度,尽量维持区域生态服务的平衡。不单单分析生态服务的供应状况,而是从整个生态系统生态服务的平衡着手,有利于引导人类的社会活动向维护生态服务的方向进行。     

基于微观空间单元的景观城市化水平对土地利用变化的影响

以深圳为研究案例,综合利用遥感数据、土地利用详查数据、政府部门资料和实地调查资料等多种数据源,引入GIS格网分析、空间分析和栅格数据分析等方法科学地绘制了基于微观空间单元的深圳景观城市化水平分布图,从定量角度揭示了建设用地增长、土地转移分布及速度和土地利用整体变化速度在景观城市化水平梯度上的分布规律,并归纳出了景观城市化水平梯度上土地利用变化速度的一般数学模型,拓展和丰富了城市化对土地利用变化的影响研究内容.     

Zn、Cd在太原工业区和紫金山非工业区环颈雉不同组织中的分布及比较研究

为了探讨Ｚｎ,Ｃｄ在环颈雉（Ｐｈａｓｉａｍｕｓｃｏｌｃｈｉｃｕｓ）体内的积累和分布规律,对太原工业区环颈雉体内不同组织的ＺｎＣｄ进行了分析,并以紫荆山区为对照区（相对非污染区）,对两区颈雉体内不同组织的Ｚｎ,Ｃｄ进行了比较,研究结果表明,Ｚｎ在环颈雉体内的分布规律为,股骨〉胸骨〉心〉肝〉肾〉肺〉股肌〉胸肌,Ｃｄ在环颈雉体内的分布规律为：肾〉胸骨〉股骨〉肝〉肺〉胸肌〉心〉股肌,两区环颈雉各组织中,Ｚ     

The environmental efficiency of Wanjiang demonstration area: A Bayesian estimation approach

With the implementation of the strategic policy and the construction of Wanjiang demonstration area recently, the government cares more about the natural environment. To protect the environment of this demonstration area, a quantitative analysis of environmental efficiency and its influencing factors is needed. In this paper, we measure the environmental efficiency of the demonstration area, and then analyze the total factor productivity of the area by Malmquist productivity index through data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. Through the index and its decomposition, we are able to reveal the changing trend of the environmental efficiency. Moreover, we apply Bayesian estimation approach to analyze the influencing factors of the efficiency and discuss the relationship between these factors and the environmental efficiency. Results show that the efficiency of Wanjiang demonstration area bares a significant difference among constituent cities. Each area should devise proper environmental policy according to its particular circumstance.     

冬季湿冷气候城市户外休憩的微气候适应性研究——以成都市老人为例

为探讨湿冷城市老人冬季户外活动如何适应休憩场地微气候，本研究于2016年和2017年冬季对冬季典型湿冷气候城市——成都市进行现场观察和微气候参数测量，结合TS-Givoni指标和微气候参数讨论老人户外休憩中在时间和地点等方面的微气候适应性选择。研究发现：当TS＜2.0℃时，老人无户外休憩活动，当TS值≥2.1℃时，老人户外休憩不受空间和时间限制；当2.0℃≤TS值＜2.1℃时，老人户外休憩主要适应风速和太阳辐射照度而选择休憩时间和休憩地点。研究结果可为冬季湿冷气候城市户外适老休憩空间的规划设计提供理论依据和技术参考。     

基于弹性城市理念的厦门本岛道路绿地抗风建设策略

2016年台风“莫兰蒂”导致厦门遭受重创,尤其是给厦门园林绿化造成毁灭性打击,90%以上的行道树受到不同程度损害,同时受灾后城市主干道普遍因倒伏的绿化树木而受阻,造成城市整体交通短时间内瘫痪,影响城市救灾工作的及时开展。因此,本文基于现场调研,分析不同城市道路绿地的受灾状况,立足城市道路救灾功能的视角,尝试从弹性城市理念出发,针对救灾通道网络确立、道路绿化带植物布局2个不同层面,提出今后厦门道路绿地抗风建设对策,以提升城市应对自然灾害的适应能力和恢复能力。     

An island biogeographical approach to the analysis of butterfly community patterns in newly designed parks

We analyzed the butterfly communities in the newly designed city parks (area C), “newly opened habitat islands”, of Tsukuba City, central Japan. The area constituted a natural ecological experiment on the mainland for clarifying the pattern and process of faunal immigration. We compared butterfly communities in area C with those in two other areas in the light of the theory of island biogeography and the concept of generalist/specialist. Our results showed the following: (1) Fewer species were found in area C than in other areas, due largely to the absence of many specialist types, restricted and habitat specialists, and/or low density species in the area. Generalist types, widespread and habitat generalists, and/or high density species predominated in area C. (2) The difference in the species numbers among the three sections within area C could be explained by the habitat structure in and around the respective sections. (3) The densities of many species were low in area C, probably due to its man-modified habitat structure. In particular, several species occurred at extremely low densities in area C, but at high densities in other areas. (4) The internal structure of the habitat island butterfly community in area C was almost perfectly consistent with that of “quasi-equilibrium” communities that appear during the colonization of an island. Our results demonstrate that the synergetic application of the generalist/specialist concept and the island biogeography theory is effective for the understanding of the patterns and structures of habitat island communities.     

苔藓植物对鞍山市环境污染生物指示的研究

采用野外生态学调查和实验分析相结合的方法,对鞍山市内和市郊所选的５个样点苔藓植物的种类、分布及各样点大气净度指数值（ＩＡＰ）和苔藓体内Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、全Ｓ等污染物的含量及其与环境污染的关系进行了综合研究和分析．结果表明,严重污染区,包括样点鞍钢,苔藓植物少于５种,ＩＡＰ值＜５,苔藓体内污染物的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（１１２～１４９）、Ｚｎ（４０１～４７７）、Ｃｕ（３５．８～３８．５）、Ｃｄ（２．４５～３．５３）、Ｓ（２２００～３１００）;污染区,包括样点立山公园和二一九公园,苔藓植物种数１５～３０,ＩＡＰ值５～２５,污染物在苔藓体内的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（３１．２～４４．６）、Ｚｎ（１２０～１９９）、Ｃｕ（９．４０～１７．６）、Ｃｄ（１．０２～２．４２）、Ｓ（１４００～２６００）;相对清洁区,包括样点烈士陵园和千山,苔藓种数多于４０种,ＩＡＰ值＞３０,污染物在苔藓体内的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（１５．４～２５．６）、Ｚｎ（８４．３～１３５）、Ｃｕ（５．２４～１１．５）、Ｃｄ（０．６４～１．９９）、Ｓ（８００～２１００）．