Resistance to Bark Beetle Attack in Caribbean Pine: Potential Role of 4‐Allylanisole1

In the Neotropics, Caribbean pine is subject to epidemic attack by southern pine beetle. We found significantly higher levels (>2.5%) of 4‐allylanisole in the monoterpenoid fraction of the oleoresin of trees in stands with high beetle‐induced mortality, and a negative association between magnitude of attack and levels of 4‐allylanisole in individual trees. Results also suggest that individual trees with low 4‐allylanisole levels may escape attack if they occur in stands characterized by high levels of this compound.     

浙江天台山七子花群落种群分布格局研究

以浙江省天台山七子花群落为研究对象,采用相邻格子样方法取样数据,应用方差／均值比的t检验法、负二项参数、扩散型指数、Cassie指标、丛生指标、平均拥挤指数和聚块性指数等方法,分析了七子花群落各优势种群以及七子花种群在各样地中的分布格局,并分立木级对七子花种群在不同样地内的集群强度进行了测定。结果是：群落中各优势种群均呈集群分布;七子花种群在各样地亦呈集群分布,但集群强度有差异;各样地中七子花种群小树的集群强度均大于中树,种群呈扩散趋势。     

大巴山区巴山松林的初步研究

巴山松(Pinus henryi)林主要分布于大巴山区(包括西段米仓山),其分布规律是沿大巴山主脊及其两侧支脉东西延伸、断续分布,集中分布在海拔1400—1800m,形成大巴山区特有的一种重要植被类型。目前,大巴山区分布面积最大、保存最完好的巴山松林集中分布在陕西省南郑县黎坪一带。 对巴山松林生境条件、区系组成、群落外貌和结构及动态分析表明,随生境条件的变化,巴山松林的种类组成也发生有规律的变化,但巴山松在群落中始终占据优势地位,并保持着相对稳定的结构组成性状。巴山松更新幼苗较多,且分布比较均匀,天然更新状况良好。优势种群(巴山松)高度与株数的相关性分析表明,巴山松群落中以高大的巴山松个体为主,幼苗幼树较多;巴山松种群各级立木的数量关系反映出巴山松种群具有年龄集中分布的特点,整个种群表现为周期性波状起伏的稳定发展趋势。巴山松种群的稳定性,决定了巴山松群落具有稳定的发展趋势。巴山松材质优良,是大巴山区中山地带优良的造林树种,值得大力发展。     

Eukaryotic Algae Associated with Mid-Proterozoic Black Chert in Northern China

During the past two decades, Precambrian research, especially in the respect of the occurfence of microbial fossils in silicified rocks has been achieved. It is still in argument, however, at what time the origin of the eukaryote, one of the major events in biological evolution appeared according to the different criteria of the low, er eukaryotic organism fossils identified. The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal fossils in the cell size of structure and morphological colony and the model of their reproduction in biologic evolution is interpreted based on the knowledge about living lower organisms in this paper. Eight genera and eight species of eukaryotic algal fossils, including three genera and three species (Proto- cosmarium panduratum, Closteriopsis taihangensis and Phyllophycoma sinensis) newly descover ed in black stromatolitic chert from Gaoyuzhuang Formation, Lingqiu, Shanxi Province, China, which is about 1,400–1,600 My in age are described and named. All of these are characterized by the big cell size and complex structure of colony in which the cells have been divided into different function in physiology, and some of them produce endospore and autospore which are comparable with their mother cell or colony in morphology. According to the morphological characters of complex and diverse microfossils, it is assumed that the evolution of eukaryotic organisms had been achieved and even evolved up to a higher level at least before 1,600 million years.     

贺兰山东坡低山区植被种类组成区域分异与植被性质的分析

本文以定量和定性分析相结合,分析了贺兰山东坡海拔1200—1900m低山区范围内植被种类组成的区域分异、植被性质及生态条件的区域分异特点。结果表明,该范围内务主要植被类型具有荒漠草原或荒漠草原化的共同特点,其种类组成均在北、中、南不同地段存在一定差异。此差异反映出本区海拔1600m以上的中部地段及其以下的北部地段分别是生态环境最湿润和最干旱的区域．     

An Analysis of the Flora of Qinling Mountain Range: Its Nature,Characteristics, and Origins

The Qinling Mountain Range, which covers an area of ca. 76500km² and ranges from 32°05′ to 34°45′ N and from 104°30′ to 115°52′ E, is a major watershed of the Huanghe and Chang jiang rivers with the highest peak about 3767 m above sea level. The flora comprises ca. 3124 species in 892 genera, of which 51.9% of species and 4.4% of the genera are endemic to China. Evoluated in this paper is the importance of the 20 larger fami lies which together contain 65.2% of the total number of species. The phytogeographical affinities of genera of seed plants in the flora are analyzed and briefly discussed. Among the native genera of the flora of the Qinling Mountain Range, 220 (26.8%) are tropical, 563 (68.5%) temperate, and 39 (4.7%) endemic to China. It is clear from the figures that temperate genera play an important role in the flora and vegetation of the Qinling Mountain Range. The features of the flora include the unusually high proportion of endemic species, a wealth of Sino-Japanese elements and prominant temperate nature in compsition. On the ba sis of analysis of paleobotanical materials in the Qinling Mountain Range and adjacent areas, historical distribution of dominant species, and the origin and relationships of Chinese en demic genera occurring there, the flora is of outstanding originality. No doubt, the rich and diverse flora have evolved gradually and autochthonously at least since the latest Cretaceous.     

山岳型风景旅游区生态负荷与环境建设研究:泰山实证分析

运用旅游生态学原理和方法,提出了测算山岳型风景旅游区生态负荷综合分级指数的8项1级指标和6项2级指标及计算模式。以泰山风景旅游区为案例进行了应用研究,将13个地块单元(功能区)按生态负荷强度大小划分为3级,并依据可持续发展理论提出了强负荷区生态补偿的方案,为山岳型风景旅游区寻求环境与旅游经济活动的协调发展提供可借鉴的研究方案和具体措施.     

方花丽斑蛇在湖南省莽山再次发现

正2013年4月20日,在湖南省宜章县莽山国家级自然保护区崖子石片区高山矮林(24°58'603″N,112°58'314″E,海拔1 500 m)林下一处岩石旁采集到1条游蛇科(Colubridae)幼蛇标本。依据形态学特征(赵尔宓2006,李操等2009),该蛇鉴定为方花丽斑蛇(Maculophis bellus),这是该蛇种自1982年在莽山大塘坑首次记录报道(梁启燊等1982)以来第2次在湖南省境内发现,也是在湖南省发现的第2号该蛇标本,该标本现存于莽山自然博物馆。此方花丽斑蛇幼体体重12 g,体全长345 mm,尾长50 mm。头背有镶黑边的黄白色"Y"形斑;体背部紫红色,