广西十万大山地区的鱼类区系及其动物地理学分析

于1998年和1999年对广西西南部十万大山地区的鱼类区系统了调查,十万大山是我国大陆最南端的山脉,该地区共有野生鱼类102种,由于南北坡河流分属不同水系,两地的鱼类组成有很大差异,北坡各支流均汇入明江（珠江水系的一个支脉）,其鱼类组成具有明显的珠江水系特点,在中国动物地理区划上属华南区珠江亚区,南坡各水系多独流入海,鱼类组成与珠江和海南岛诸水系均有较大共性,反映出地史上这些水系之间曾有广泛的交流和联系,但与海南岛亚区的鱼类区系成分更为接近,动物地理区划应归属海南岛亚区。     

呼中林区与呼中自然保护区森林粗木质残体储量的比较

采用样线法研究了人为干扰对大兴安岭呼中林区粗木质残体(Coarse woody debris, CWD)储量的影响。结果表明, 未受人为干扰的呼中自然保护区中CWD变化范围集中在5.92~43.53 m³·hm^-2, 受到人为干扰的呼中林区中CWD变化范围集中在12.70~47.59 m³·hm^-2之间。人为干扰对混交林和针叶林的CWD储量影响显著, 而对阔叶林CWD储量影响不显著。人为干扰增加了混交林CWD储量, 减少了针叶林CWD储量, 同时减少了枯立木的数量, 增加了高度腐烂的CWD的比例。对兴安落叶松各林型的分析表明, 人为干扰条件下CWD储量(8.20~25.60 m³·hm^-2)是未受干扰条件下CWD储量(18.70~36.99 m³·hm^-2)的1/4~1/3。为促使采伐后的森林能维持原始林粗木质残体的结构特征, 建议保留采伐剩余物以维持一定储量的CWD。     

青海省大柴旦盆地植被

大柴旦盆地属于茺漠植被区域。在盆地中,从洪积平原到湖积平原依次发育着矮半灌木、灌木砾漠,矮半灌木沙漠,禾草、杂类草盐生草甸,芦苇(Phragmites communis)盐沼泽。周围山地自低而高依次发育着矮半灌木,灌木低山石漠,小叶金露梅(Dasiphora parvifolia)亚高山灌丛,紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)高寒草原和矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)高寒草甸,高山稀疏植被。由于地形封闭,这里残存了在柴达木盆地其它地区已消失的一些植被类型,有些植物种远离其主分布区达500km以上。盆地海拔基准高达海拔3500m,加上山地的屏蔽作用向上逐渐减弱,致使气温的垂直递减率较大,在垂直带谱中缺失山地草原和针叶林等中山带植被。此外,盆地中湖积平原富积硼酸盐,使盐生草甸中的优势种之一盐角草(Salicornia herbacea)发生变态,这是本区植被中出现的一个有重要科学意义的指示植物现象。     

Biological and biochemical characterization of two new PLA2 isoforms Cdc-9 and Cdc-10 from Crotalus durissus cumanensis snake venom

This work reports the purification, biological characterization and amino acid sequence of two new basic PLA₂ isoforms, Cdc-9 and Cdc-10, purified from the Crotalus durissus cumanensis venom by one step analytical chromatography reverse phase HPLC. The molecular masses of the PLA₂ were 14,175 ± 2.7 Da for Cdc-9 and 14,228 ± 3.5 Da for Cdc-10 both deduced by primary structure and confirmed by MALDI-TOF. The isoforms presented an amino acid sequence of 122 amino acid residues, being Cdc-9: SLVQFNKMIK FETRKSGLPF YAAYGCYCGW GGQRPKDATD RCCFVHDCCY GKVAKCNTKW DIYSYSLKSG YITCGKGTWC KEQICECDRV AAECLRRSLS TYKNEYMFYP DSRCREPPEY TC with pI value of 8.25 and Cdc-10: SLLQFNKMIK FETRKSGVPF YAAYGCYCGW GGRRPKDPTD RCCFVHDCCY GKLTKCNTKW DIYSYSLKSG YITCGKGTWC KEQICECDRV AAECLRRSLN TYKNEYMFYP DSRCRGPPEY TC with a pI value of 8.46, showing highly conserved Ca²⁺-binding and catalytic sites. The PLA₂ activity decreased when the isoforms Cdc-9 and Cdc-10 were incubated with 4-bromophenacyl bromide (p-BPB), anhydrous acetic acid and p-nitrobenzene sulfonyl fluoride (NBSF) when compared with the activity of both native isoforms. In mice, the PLA₂ isoforms Cdc-9 and Cdc-10 induced myonecrosis and edema. Myotoxic and edema activities were reduced after treatment of the isoforms with p-BPB; acetylation of the lysine residues and the treatment of PLA₂ with NBSF have also induced edema reduction. However, p-BPB strongly diminishes the local and systemic myotoxic effects.     

大兴安岭泥炭地植物叶片碳氮磷含量及其化学计量学特征

叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其化学计量特征为植物养分状况和元素限制性提供依据。为了解不同生活型植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征的变化,该研究测定、分析了大兴安岭地区18个泥炭地常见的3种草本植物——白毛羊胡子草(Eriophorum vaginatum)、玉簪薹草(Carex globularis)、小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia), 5种落叶灌木——柴桦(Betula fruticosa)、越桔柳(Salix myrtilloides)、细叶沼柳(Salix rosmarinifolia)、笃斯越桔(Vaccinium uliginosum)、越桔(Vaccinium vitis-idaea)和3种常绿灌木——杜香(Ledum palustre)、地桂(Chamaedaphne calyculata)、头花杜鹃(Rhododendron capitatum)的叶片C、N、P含量。结果表明: (1)落叶和常绿灌木叶片C、N、P含量总体高于草本植物而C:N、C:P、N:P低于草本植物, 说明不同生活型植物具有不同的养分利用策略,灌木叶片C、N、P储存高于草本植物而N、P利用效率低于草本植物; (2)小叶章和头花杜鹃叶片N:P小于10, 同时其N含量小于全球植物叶片平均N含量, 相比其他植物来说更易受N限制; (3)采样地点解释了叶片C、N、P指标变异的12.8%-40.8%, 植物种类对叶片C、N、P指标变异的解释量占9.3%-25.5%; (4)草本植物C、N、P指标的地点间变异系数高于落叶和常绿灌木, 草本植物C、N、P指标对地点因素变化的响应较灌木敏感; (5)草本植物N含量种间变异系数高于落叶和常绿灌木, 落叶灌木P含量种间变异系数高于草本植物和常绿灌木, 草本植物和落叶灌木N、P吸收的种间生理分化较常绿灌木高。     

A multilevel approach to cancer growth modeling

Cancer growth models may be divided into macroscopic models, which describe the tumor as a single entity, and microscopic ones, which consider the tumor as a complex system whose behavior emerges from the local dynamics of its basic components, the neoplastic cells. Mesoscopic models (e.g. as based on the Local Interaction Simulation Approach [Delsanto, P.P., Mignogna, R., Scalerandi, M., Schechter, R., 1998. In: Delsanto, P.P. Saenz, A.W. (Eds.), New Perspectives on Problems in Classical and Quantum Physics, vol. 2. Gordon & Breach, New Delhi, p. 5174]), which explicitly consider the behavior of cell clusters and their interactions, may be used instead of the microscopic ones, in order to study the properties of cancer biology that strongly depend on the interactions of small groups of cells at intermediate spatial and temporal scales. All these approaches have been developed independently, which limits their usefulness, since they all include relevant features and information that should be cross-correlated for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved. In this contribution we consider multicellular tumor spheroids as biological reference systems and propose an intermediate model to bridge the gap between a macroscopic formulation of tumor growth and a mesoscopic one. Thus we are able to establish, as an important result of our formalism, a direct correspondence between parameters characterizing processes occurring at different scales. In particular, we analyze their dependence on an important limiting factor to tumor growth, i.e. the extra-cellular matrix pressure. Since the macro and meso-models stem from totally different roots (energy conservation and clinical observations vs. cell groups dynamics), their consistency may be used to validate both approaches. It may also be interesting to note that the proposed formalism fits well into a recently proposed conjecture of growth laws universality.     

Functional diversification of kir7.1 in cichlids accelerated by gene duplication

Mutation in the inward rectifier potassium channel gene, kir7.1, was previously identified as being responsible for the broader stripe zebrafish skin pattern mutant, jaguar/obelix. An amino acid substitution in this channel causes a broader stripe pattern than that of wild type zebrafish. In this study we analyzed cichlid homologs of the zebrafish kir7.1 gene. We identified two kinds of homologous genes in cichlids and named them cikir7.1 and cikir7.2. Southern hybridization using cichlid genome revealed that cichlids from the African Great Lakes, South America and Madagascar have two copies of the gene. Cichlids from Sri Lanka, however, showed only one band in this experiment. Database analysis revealed that only one copy of the kir7.1 gene exists in the genomes of the teleosts zebrafish, tetraodon, takifugu, medaka and stickleback. The deduced amino acid sequence of cikir7.1 is highly conserved among African cichlids, whereas that of cikir7.2 has several amino acid substitutions even in conserved transmembrane domains. Gene expression analysis revealed that cikir7.1 is expressed specifically in brain and eye, and cikir7.2 in testis and ovary; zebrafish kir7.1, however, is expressed in brain, eye, skin, caudal fin, testis and ovary. These results suggest that gene duplication of the cichlid kir7.1 occurred in a common ancestor of the family Cichlidae, that the function of parental kir7.1 was then divided into two genes, cikir7.1 and cikir7.2, and that the evolutionary rate of cikir7.2 might have been accelerated, thereby effecting functional diversification in the cichlid lineage. Thus, the evolution of kir7.1 genes in cichlids provides a typical example of gene duplication--one gene is conserved while the other becomes specialized for a novel function.     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Essential oil from the Leaves of Da Ye Fangzang Cinnarnornurn porrectum

Da Ye Fangzang is a physiological type of containing d-linalool of Cin-namomum porrectum (Roxb) Kosterm. The essential oil in leaves of Da Ye Fangzangcan be extracted by steam distillation with yields of 1.1–1.4%. It contained d-linalool95.08% and it can be used in aromatic. We used the methods of GC, GC/MS/DS, IR,and optical ana]ysis, d-linalool and other 29 different chemical constituents were identi-fied.     

全身麻醉下达芬奇机器人手术在老年腹部手术中应用观察

目的:探究全身麻醉下达芬奇机器人在老年腹部手术中的应用效果。方法:选择2019年1月至2020年12月于我院接受腹部手术治疗的200例老年患者,将其按照术式分为研究组(100例)与对照组(100例),研究组选择达芬奇机器人开展手术,对照组选择常规腹腔镜手术,对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率、术后排气时间、总住院费用、住院时间、术后患者自我效能及抑郁情况、术后疼痛度情况以及术后并发症发生情况。结果:(1)比较显示研究组患者的术中出血量、中转开腹率、术后排气时间均低于对照组(P<0.05),但其手术时间、总住院费用高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)术后研究组患者自我效能得分高于对照组,抑郁得分低于对照组(P<0.05);(3)术后24 h及48 h研究组疼痛得分均低于对照组(P<0.05);(4)研究组患者术后各类并发症发生率为4.00%,明显低于对照组的12.00%(P<0.05)。结论:全身麻醉下应用达芬奇机器人对老年患者实施腹部手术可行性较好,能够显著减小对患者的创伤,加快其术后康复,同时还能够降低其术后不良情绪和并发症发生,提高其自我效能,值得临床推广应用。